[Prevalence and role of IgG anti-Chlamydia trachomatis in a population of infertile men in Morocco]. / Prévalence et rôle des IgG anti-Chlamydia trachomatis chez une population d'hommes infertiles au Maroc.

INTRODUCTION: Infertility is a global public health problem that affects 15% of couples of childbearing age. Male infertility is involved in 20 to 50% of cases. These figures are sharply increasing around the world. Several factors may be responsible for this infertility with especially hormonal, genetic, toxic or infectious factors. The latter are dominated mainly by Chlamydia infection. Among the most serious complications of this infection are infertility related to urethritis, epididymitis and irreversible total azoospermia in men and tubal obstructions and ectopic pregnancies in women. STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of IgG anti-Chlamydia trachomatis in men consulting for infertility and the association between previous contact with this bacterium and the impairment of sperm quality and sperm function. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective study over 26months of 143 patients referred to the service for infertility assessment of the couple. Demographic data, primary or secondary character of infertility, risk factors (tobacco, inguinal hernia, varicocele and history of urogenital infections), semen parameters (volume, mobility, pH, vitality and morphological abnormalities) were studied as well as the determination of the anti-C. trachomatis IgG titer. The prevalence of Chlamydia infection and the association of the infection and alteration of the various parameters of the semen were analyzed. RESULTS: The average age of patients was 38.5±8.55. Infertility was primary in 72% of patients. Among the patients, 54.5% had an abnormal spermogram. Chlamydia IgG antibodies were positive in 37.1% of patients whose 58.5% had abnormal spermogram. Analysis of sperm parameters of patients with and without IgG C. trachomatis showed an altered vitality in Chlamydia positive patients with an OR at 2.41, P=0.02, (95% CI: 1.15-5.06). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of Chlamydia infection is high in infertile male. C. trachomatis IgG antibodies may be associated with an alteration of spermatozoa vitality without significant impairment of other semen parameters. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.

[Survival in HIV-1 patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in Morocco]. / Survie des patients vivant avec le VIH-1 sous thérapie antirétrovirale au Maroc.

BACKGROUND: The purpose was to study factors associated with the survival of HIV-1 patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in Morocco. MATERIAL AND METHOD: This was a retrospective study of a cohort of 182 HIV-1 patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in the department of dermatology venereology at the Military Instruction Hospital Mohamed V in Rabat during the period from 1 January 2006 to 1 January 2017. Death of any cause during the study period was considered to be the result of HIV infection. The log-rank test was used to compare the survival curves based on determinants. The Cox regression model analyzed the determinants of survival since induction of antiretroviral therapy. RESULTS: The median follow-up time was 4.7 years (IQR: 1.97-8.18). The mortality rate was 75 deaths per 1000 person-years. Advanced clinical stage CDC C (RR: 2.72; CI 95%: 1.33-5.56) and treatment with indinavir (RR: 1.41; CI 95%: 0.77-2.59) were significantly associated with death. CONCLUSION: Initiation of antiretroviral therapy in the early stage of the disease and use of less toxic molecules are recommended to reduce mortality.

Musculoskeletal Disorders in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study.

INTRODUCTION: A variety of musculoskeletal disorders (MS) have been associated with diabetes mellitus (DM). This study aimed at assessing the prevalence and associated factors of MS disorders in Moroccan diabetic patients. METHODS: A cross-sectional study enrolled consecutive patients with DM. We recorded demographic features of patients and characteristics of DM. MS disorders and vascular complications were assessed by clinical examinations and investigations. Associated factors of MS disorders were assessed by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULT: 376 subjects were included; 84.6% had type 2 DM. The participants' median age was 54 years [45-62]; 41% had one or more vascular complications. 34.4% had one or more MS disorders. Osteoarthritis was present in 19.4% of patients. Hand disorders were seen in 14.4%. Shoulder capsulitis was present in 12.5%. Long duration of diabetes and dyslipidemia were associated with increased prevalence of hand abnormalities (P = 0.017; P = 0.019, respectively). Age and dyslipidemia were associated with shoulder capsulitis (P = 0.019; P = 0.047, respectively). Female gender, overweight, and nephropathy were associated with increased odds of osteoarthritis (P = 0.009, P = 0.004, and P = 0.032, respectively). CONCLUSION: MS disorders are frequent in this population and associated with various factors. HbA1c level does not appear to be associated with development of MS disorders.

[Breastfeeding preterm infants at 6 months in Morocco: prevalence and associated factors]. / Allaitement maternel chez le nouveau-né prématuré à l'âge de six mois au Maroc : prévalence et facteurs associés.

PURPOSE: Evaluate the rate of breastfeeding at hospital discharge and then at 3 and 6 months in a population of premature infants. Analyze demographic and neonatal characteristics that may influence breastfeeding. METHOD: Prospective study in children born before 37 weeks of gestation from 1 June 2011 to 31 December 2011 hospitalized in the neonatology department at the Rabat children's hospital. The sociodemographic data and initial breastfeeding decision were collected from mothers. Newborns were reviewed in consultation at 1, 3, and 6 months to determine dietary habits. The association of variables with breastfeeding was analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis using a logistic regression model. RESULTS: The analysis was based on 170 mother-infant pairs. At discharge, 80% of preterm infants received partial breastfeeding and 12.4% exclusive breastfeeding. At 6 months, 8.8% of mothers breastfed exclusively, 32.4% partially, and 58.8% had stopped breastfeeding. The factors associated with breastfeeding at 6 months were the duration of hospitalization in a neonatology unit and a neonatal intensive care unit, the time to first expressing breast milk, and breastfeeding. There was an inverse link between breastfeeding rates and duration of stay in neonatology in multivariate analysis with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.3 and a 95% confidence interval (1,1; 1,7); P=0.015. CONCLUSION: In our context, the rates of breastfeeding in premature infants remain below the recommended goals. The negative impact of the length of stay in the neonatal unit on breastfeeding is a challenge for health professionals who must adapt and strengthen the strategy of encouragement and support breastfeeding during the stay in neonatology and after discharge to ensure adequate nutrition for premature infants.

[Risk factors for failure of scleral buckling in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. A Moroccan series]. / Facteurs d'échec de la chirurgie épisclérale dans le décollement de rétine rhegmatogène. À propos d'une série marocaine.

PURPOSE: To evaluate risk factors for failure of scleral buckling in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) in an adult Moroccan population. METHODS: A retrospective study of 432 eyes of 422 patients undergoing scleral buckling (SB) for primary RRD between 2001 and 2009 was carried out. Statistical analysis of risk factors for failure was performed using binary logistic regression. RESULTS: Mean patient age was 43 ± 15 years, and 45.4% were myopic. The median recurrence was at 10 months. The final failure rate was 22.5%. Univariate analysis shows that significant risk factors for failure were extent of RRD ≥ 3 quadrants (P<0.001), advanced PVR (P<0.001) and worsening PVR postoperatively (P<0.001). In the multivariate model, the only significant risk factor for failure was the worsening postoperative PVR (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that worsening of PVR after surgery is the major risk factor for failure of SB in RRD. Thus, it is necessary to recognize the risk factors contributing to PVR and to plan the most appropriate, earliest and least traumatic surgical treatment of RRD.

Facteurs predictifs de gravite des cellulites cervico-faciales diffuses d'origine dentaire : a propos de 78 cas

Introduction : La cellulite cervico-faciale est une dermohypodermite qui prend origine au niveau de la graisse hypodermique a partir d'effraction d'un foyer dentaire. Sa gravite reside d'une part dans sa forme diffuse avec risque d'obstruction des voies aeriennes et de mediastinite et d'autre part dans sa forme necrosante avec risque de fasciite necrosante et de gangrene gazeuse. en l'absence de prise en charge multidisciplinaire et urgente; l'evolution de ces formes grave se fera vers le sepsis; le choc septique et le Syndrome de defaillance multi viscerales. L'objectif est de retrouver des facteurs predictifs d'extension allant de l'atteinte des voies aeriennes superieures a l'infiltration mediastinale; ainsi que des facteurs predictifs du type de cellulite (phlegmoneuse ou necrotique). Patients et methode : etude retrospective faite sur une periode de 7ans qui a permis d'exploiter 78 dossiers de cellulites cervico-faciales diffuses (CCFD) colligees au service d'OrL et chirurgie maxillo-faciale du CHU de rabat; l'atteinte des voies aeriennes(VaS) l'atteinte mediastinale et le type de cellulite ont ete retenu sur la tomodensitometrie. afin de degager les elements predictifs de gravite statistiquement significatifs; l'evaluation a porte sur l'analyse des elements epidemiologiques; cliniques; par acliniques et evolutifs en comparant respectivement les groupes de CCFD avec et sans atteinte des voies aeriennes(VaS); avec et sans atteinte mediastinales; et en cas de formes necrosantes versus cellulites phlegmoneuses. L'analyse statistique a ete faite par le logiciel spss version 13.01 et les comparaisons ont ete realisees en utilisant les tests khi 2 et le test exact de Fisher pour les variables qualitatives; le test student et anOVa pour les variables quantitatives. Resultats : Cette serie comporte 44 hommes et 34 femmes; L'age moyen est 32 ans. Les facteurs favorisants significatifs sont; Le mauvais etat buccodentaire et l'ethylotabagisme; alors que les aInS et Le diabete ne sont pas significatifs. Le diagnostic est clinique; et la tomodensitometrie permet l'etude de l'extension; le type; et de suivre l'evolution sous traitement. Les signes cliniques significatifs sont; l'alteration de l'etat general; le sepsis; la dyspnee; et les crepitations sous cutanees. Tous les malades ont ete hospitalises; dont 15 en reanimation; avec signification statistique pour le sepsis; l'atteinte mediastinale; et la cellulite necrosante ou gangreneuse. Le drainage chirurgical (44;9) avec signification pour mediastinites. L'evolution etait favorable chez 75 patients ;3 deces par choc septique Conclusion : Cette etude a montree comme decrit dans la litterature que la CCFD predomine chez le sujet jeune de sexe masculin; que la mauvaise hygiene bucco-dentaire intervient dans la genese de la cellulite phlegmoneuse avec infiltration des VaS et que l'ethylotabagisme a un effet dans les formes graves cervico-mediastinales et necrosantes .la clinique a permit le diagnostic mais elle a sous estimee l'atteinte des VaS et mediastinale et c'est la tomodensitometrie qui permit de preciser l'extension et le type de cellulite. L'antibiotherapie etait comparable a la litterature; le drainage chirurgical des CCFD a ete realise sous anesthesie generale avec intubation classique ou sous fibroscope; La tracheotomie n'est pas recommandee en premiere intention que lorsqu'elle etait inevitable. Le recours a la chirurgie en urgence etait pour les memes imperatifs que la litterature dans les formes necrotiques; dans l'atteinte mediastinale; et en cas de sepsis

In Vitro Activities of Ertapenem and Imipenem against Clinical Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Collected in Military Teaching Hospital Mohammed V of Rabat.

Objective. To study the sensitivity level of extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae to Carbapenems (Imipenem, Ertapenem) marketed in Morocco and discusses the place of Ertapenem in the treatment of extended spectrum-beta-lactamase-producing. Materials and Methods. A retrospective study of 110 extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Isolates obtained from blood cultures, superficial and deep pus, and catheters were conducted. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of Imipenem and Ertapenem were done by the E-test. The modified Hodge test was conducted for resistant or intermediate strains. Results. 99.1% of isolates were susceptible to Imipenem. For Ertapenem, 4 were resistant and 4 intermediate. The modified Hodge test was positive for all 08 isolates. A minimum inhibitory concentration comparison of K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae, and E. coli for Imipenem has noted a significant difference between E. cloacae on one hand and E. coli, K. pneumoniae on the other hand (P < 0.01). No significant difference was noted for minimum inhibitory concentration of Ertapenem. Conclusion. Our results confirm in vitro effectiveness of Ertapenem against extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae as reported elsewhere. However, the emergence of resistance to Carbapenems revealed by production of carbapenemases in this study confirmed a necessary bacteriological documented infection before using Ertapenem.