Biomarkers CDX2, CK20, CK7 in Schoolchildren with Gastritis in the Realization of Familial Predisposition of Stomach Cancer.

We studied the association of expression of CDX2, CK20, CK7 proteins with familial predisposition to stomach cancer in schoolchildren with gastritis and its activity. Gastroscopy with biopsy of the gastric mucosa was performed in 89 schoolchildren aged 7-17 years with gastrointestinal complaints. The morphological study included the diagnosis of gastritis (Sydney classification) and the presence of Helicobacter pylori. The expression of CDX2, CK20, and CK7 was evaluated immunohistochemically. In children with familial predisposition to stomach cancer, the expression of CK20 in the stomach body was significantly increased (p=0.0225). In addition, the expression of CK20 (p=0.0979) and CDX2 (p=0.0849) tended to insrease in the antral compartment. No significant differences in the expression of CK7 in the gastric antrum and body were found. Some features of the expression of CDX2, CK20, and CK7 proteins in children with family predisposition to stomach cancer were revealed.

[Functional activity of blood neutrophilic granulocytes in patients with opisthorchiasis, depending on the severity of liver fibrosis].

AIM: To study the activity of neutrophilic granulocytes in patients with opisthorchiasis, depending on the severity of liver fibrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 74 patients with chronic opisthorchiasis (39 men and 35 women, average age 42.3 years) and 32 practically healthy patients (17 men and 15 women, average age 41.5 years) aged 24 to 60 years were examined. Diagnosis of opisthorchiasis was carried out by two methods: coprooscopy and identification of eggs or bodies of adult parasites in duodenal content. Liver fibrosis was determined by the method of elastometry according to the METAVIR scale in all 74 patients with opisthorchiasis. The study of the functional activity of neutrophils in the blood was performed to all 74 patients with opisthorchiasis and 32 healthy individuals from the control group by chemiluminescent analysis with measurement of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production intensity in a spontaneous and zymosan-induced reaction in lucigenin and luminol-dependent processes. RESULTS: Liver fibrosis F2 by METAVIR was registered in 20.3% of the examined individuals, liver fibrosis F3F4 by METAVIR was detected in 17.6% of patients with opisthorchiasis. In patients with opisthorchiasis with liver fibrosis F3F4 by METAVIR, a significant decrease in the functional activity of neutrophilic granulocytes was registered in comparison with individuals with liver fibrosis F0F1 by METAVIR, as evidenced by a significant decrease in the maximum intensity of ROS production (Imax) and the area under the curve (S) chemiluminescence in lucigenin and luminol-dependent processes both in the spontaneous and zymosan-induced reaction. CONCLUSION: These results provide new information to explain the mechanisms of liver fibrosis in patients opisthorchiasis and create opportunities for the development of diagnostics and preventive technologies.

Analysis of neutrophils functional activity in men with mechanical jaundice of various genesis.

Obstructive jaundice (OJ) or blockage of the bile duct code K83.1 (according to ICD 10), occurs in approximately 45-50% of cases of all varieties of jaundice, it can be both non-tumor and tumor genesis. The functional pathway plays a special role in the genesis of complications of breast the activity of neutrophils as key effector cells responsible for the development of the inflammatory process in the breast. Investigation of the metabolic mechanisms of the functioning of neutrophils allows us to identify intracellular targets, when exposed to It was possible to modulate the level of cell reactivity.The study used data from 47 men with obstructive jaundice of non-tumor origin and 45 men with obstructive jaundice of tumor origin (stage I-II of the tumor process). As a control, data from 100 practically healthy men were used. A pronounced change in the kinetics of the chemiluminescent response of neutrophils in men with obstructive jaundice was found, consisting in an increase in the time to reach the maximum intensity, maximum intensity, area under the curve and activation index for both spontaneous and luminol-dependent induced chemiluminescence. The development of the tumor process in this category of patients was accompanied by a decrease in the area parameter under the curve during spontaneous and induced reactions, time to maximum, intensity maximum and activation index during spontaneous chemiluminescence. The data obtained indicate a marked increase in the values of the functional activity of neutrophils in patients with obstructive jaundice of benign origin, as well as a sharp decrease in their values in the presence of a pathological process of malignant origin.

Changes in the indices of prooxidant and antioxidant systems in blood plasma in men with atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer.

AIM: To study changes in the indices of prooxidant and antioxidant systems in plasma in men with atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 60 healthy men, 42 patients with atrophic gastritis and 50 men, nicardipine patients with gastric cancer stage II according to TNM. All patients underwent serological diagnosis of diffuse atrophic gastritis (definition of pepsinogens and gas- trin-17) and Helicobacter pylori infection. The diagnosis of "atrophic gastritis" was verified by morphological examination of biopsy speci- mens obtained during fibroesophagogastroduodenoscopy. Diagnosis of gastric cancer was carried out in the Krasnoyarsk regional oncologic dispensary on the basis of a comprehensive instrumental and morphological examination. All patients spectrophotometric methods in plasma was determined the content of diene conjugates (DC), malonic dialdehyde (MDA), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. RESULTS: The concentration of SOD, GST, GPO and catalase had no significant differences in patients with atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer and prevailed in comparison with healthy persons. Patients with cancer of the stomach content in the blood plasma DK 2.7 times and MDA at 35.2 times higher than healthy individuals, indicating severe oxidative stress in patients with cancer. In patients with atrophic gastritis was ob- served similar but less pronounced pattern. CONCLUSION: The results indicate the presence of oxidative stress in men with atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer.

[Change in the ratio of blood saturated to unsaturated fatty acids is a universal marker of lipid metabolic disorder in patients with cholelithiasis]. / Izmenenie sootnosheniya nasyshchennykh i nenasyshchennykh zhirnykh kislot v krovi ­ universal'nyi marker narusheniya lipidnogo obmena u bol'nykh kholelitiazom.

AIM: To study the spectrum of serum fatty acids (SSFA) and the composition of blood lipids in cholelithiasis (CL) in various ethnic groups of East Siberia. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A clinical and epidemiological study was conducted, during which ultrasonography and oral cholecystography were used to examine 991 Khakases and 934 Europoids in Khakassia and 652 Evenks and 996 Europoids in Evenkia. Biochemical tests were performed to determine serum lipids in 20% of the random sample. Gas liquid chromatography was applied to investigate ASSFA in 220 patients in Khakassia and 157 people in Evenkia. RESULTS: The manifestations of hyperlipidemia were detected in the Europoids with CL in Evenkia and Khakassia. These changes were less pronounced in the Evenks with CL and absent in the Khakases with CL. In all populations, the blood levels of saturated FAs and ratios of saturated to unsaturated FAs were considerably higher in the patients with CL than in the healthy individuals. CONCLUSION: The higher levels of saturated FAs and the lower proportion of serum unsaturated FAs are a universal marker of lipid metabolic disturbances in patients with CL in genetically different populations.

[The frequency and clinical aspects of extraesophageal syndromes in elderly patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease].

AIM: To investigate the frequency of extraesophageal syndromes in elderly patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted to compare the clinical manifestations of GERD in 1100 patients aged 60 to 75 years and in 453 patients aged 36 to 60 years. A control group consisted of 154 elderly patients without GERD and 178 mature-aged patients without this condition. GERD was diagnosed via analysis of its symptoms, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, and 24-hour pH monitoring on the basis of the Montreal consensus guidelines. Extraesophageal syndromes were detected actively using the current methods accepted to treat lung, heart, and ENT diseases and a simultaneous gastroesophageal examination. RESULTS: Chronic cough, asthma, chronic laryngitis, cardialgias and cardiac arrhythmias were much more common in elderly patients with GERD than in those without this condition and prevalent in patients with erosive esophagitis and Barrett's esophagus as compared with those with non-erosive reflux disease. The mature-aged patients were recorded to have similar but less pronounced trends. The authors proposed an algorithm for the management of patients with extraesophageal manifestations of GERD, the important aspect of which was two-month acid-suppressive therapy used as both diagnostic testing and empirical treatment for this pathology. CONCLUSION: The extraesophageal manifestations of GERD in elderly patients are a serious clinical problem calling for considerable attention.

[Indicators of apoptosis in the gastric mucosa in patients with atrophic gastritis among the indigenous and nonindigenous dwellers of Evenkia].

AIM: To study the indicators of apoptosis in the gastric mucosa (GM) in relation to atrophy and the presence of CagA gene- containing Helicobacter pylori strains in the indigenous and nonindigenous dwellers of Evenkia. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Clinical and morphological examinations and fibrogastroscopy of GM were performed in 159 Caucasians and 136 Mongoloids (Evenks). The TUNEL assay was used to determine GM apoptosis in 24 Caucasians and 22 Evenks and the H. pylori strains containing the CagA gene were detected in all the 295 patients. RESULTS: The extent of atrophic gastritis in the gastric antrum and body was higher in the Caucasians than in the Evenks. The total indicator of GM apoptosis in the gastric antrum was 5.19 ± 0.26% in the newcomers and 4.04 ± 0.28% in the aboriginals (p = 0.01). Apoptosis in both populations was associated with GM atrophy and the presence of H. pylori strains containing CagA gene. CONCLUSION: There were ethnic differences in the extent of atrophic gastritis, which may be attributable to differences in the rate of GM apoptosis and the spread of H. pylori strains containing CagA gene in the indigenous and non-indigenous dwellers of Evenkia.

[Role of Helicobacter pylori eradication in the prevention of gastric cancer].

The review deals with the current aspects of prevention of non-cardia gastric cancer (GC). Helicobacter pylori is the most common cause of non-cardia GC. The Correa cascade remains a major pattern of the pathogenesis of non-cardia GC as before. The key moments in gastric carcinogenesis are H. pylori infection; genes associated with cell recognition of bacteria; an immune response and the activation of an inflammatory response. The prevention of GC requires H. pylori eradication as primary prevention in combination with screening for this pathology as secondary prevention of gastric malignancies. Standard three-component therapy is a first-line major regimen for H. pylori eradication.

[The prevalence and clinical aspects of Barrett's esophagus in the population of Eastern Siberia].

AIM: To study the prevalence and clinical aspects of Barrett's esophagus (BE) in natives and newcomers in East Siberia. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Clinical examinations and esophagogastroduodenoscopy were performed in 12975 Caucasoids and 1489 Khakases in Abakan (Khakasia), 1861 Caucasoids and 5829 Tuvinians in Kyzyl (Republic of Tuva), and 1177 Caucasoids in Dudinka (Taimyr). The diagnosis of BE was verified by morphological study. RESULTS: Among the Caucasoids, the total prevalence of BE was 1.6% (2.4% in men and 0.8% in women; odds ratio (OR) was 3.21 with 95% CI 2.40-4.29; p < 0.001); among the Mongoloids, that was 3.1% (4.5% in men and 2% in women; OR, 2.3 with 95% CI 1.75-3.04; p < 0.001). Heartburn and other typical symptoms was more prevalent in patients with BE. The risk factors of BE in all the examined populations were male sex, age over 40 years, smoking more than 20 cigarettes a day for 10 years or more in men, and obesity. CONCLUSION: There were ethnic differences in the prevalence of BE, which were prevalent in East Siberia in the Mongoloids as compared to the Caucasoids.

[Features of prevalence and risk factors of GERD in different age-gender groups].

AIM: To study prevalence and risk factors of gastroesophageal reflux disease in different age-gender groups. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 506 men of military age, in 375 men in age 40-60 years old, 296 women in age 18-30 years old were investigated. The research included clinical examination with standard questionnaires filling and endoscopy. RESULTS: Prevalence of heartburn in men of military age was 30.4%; in men in age 40-60 years old--46.9%, (p(1-2) < 0.001), in women--24.6% (p(1-3) = 0.8). Prevalence of esophagitis in men of military age was 2.4%; in men in age 40-60 years old--4.3%, (p(1-2) = 0.1), in women--0.7% (p(1-3) = 0.07). CONCLUSION: Features of clinical manifestations and risk factors action in three different age-gender groups were established.

[Short courses of iodine-bromine bath therapy and physical exercises for patients with coronary heart disease and concomitant cardiac rhythm disturbance].

The objective of this sanatorium-based study was to evaluate effect of short courses of iodine-bromine bath therapy and veloergometer exercises during 14 days on the working capacity, ventricular and supraventicular extrasystoles, painful and "silent" myocardial ischemia in patients with a combination of coronary heart disease (CHD), stable angina of functional class II, and grade II hypertensive disease (according to the WHO classification). The patients' conditions were monitored by means of spiroveloergometry and Holter ECG recordings. The study included a total of 108 patients. It was shown that short courses of iodine-bromine bath therapy and veloergometer exercises had training and anti-arrhythmic effect on the patients with concurrent coronary heart disease, stable angina, and hypertensive disease. The treatment improved their working capacity, enhanced coronary heart reserve, reduced the frequency of ventricular and supraventicular extrasystoles, decreased manifestations of painful and "silent" myocardial ischemia.

[Influence of graduated physical exercises combined with soft tissue manual therapy on the psychoemotional status and cognitive functions of patients].

The results of treatment patients with psychovegetative syndrome, including graduated physical exercises combined with soft tissue manual therapy, are represented. Course of medical correction assisted in elimination of hypersympathicotonia, regress of worried disturbances, improvement of memory, physical efficiency, activity and mood. Efficiency of treatment is higher in patients with insignificant decrease in physical efficiency.

[Effects of electromagnetic fields on tonicity of cerebral vessels and arterial pressure].

Investigations performed by the authors show that normalization of the mechanisms of vegetative regulation of arterial pressure and cerebral vessels tonicity in young patients with sympathico-tonic vegetative dystonia can be achieved by combined use of constant magnetic field (magnetic induction 60 mTl, penetration 10 mm, area 1.5 cm2) and monochromatic electromagnetic wave (length 0.47 mcm, frequency 6 x 10(14) Hz, penetration 1.5 mm and light spot 7 mm) which are directed to a biologically active point C7 shen-men from both sides simultaneously for 3 min, at 11 a.m. to 13 p.m. once a day, for 10 days.