The effects of adenoidectomy of serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and ghrelin in hypertrophied adenoids in children with otitis media with effusion.

<b>Aim:</b> The aim of the current study was to assess the serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and ghrelin in hypertrophied adenoids in children suffering with or without otitis media with effusion before and after adenoidectomy. <br><b>Material and methods:</b> Serum IGF-1 and ghrelin concentrations were measured with specific enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) methods. The study was carried out in 20 children with otitis media with effusion. The reference group comprised 24 children with hypertrophied adenoid, while control group included 19 children. <br><b>Results:</b> This mean values of IGF-1 in children with otitis media with effusion and children with hypertrophied adenoid before adenoidectomy were significantly lower than those found in healthy children. Serum levels of IGF-1 were higher after adenoidectomy. There was a significant difference of serum ghrelin levels between both examined groups and the control group. <br><b>Conclusion:</b> Our results suggest that adenoidectomy in children with hypertrophied adenoids and in children with otitis media with effusion significantly increases the level of IGF-1 in serum compared to before surgery through the effect of the GH-IGF-1 axis, which could contribute to children's growth.

Expression of Toll-like receptors on peripheral blood white cells in acute otitis media.

OBJECTIVE: From 10 to 15% of children suffer from recurrent acute otitis media (AOM). An association between polymorphism in TLRs and their co-receptor CD14 with otitis media proneness has been described in children. Moreover, the experiments on animal models have shown that TLRs and their signaling molecules are critical for timely resolution of bacterial otitis. AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the expression of TLR1, TLR2 and TLR4 on lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes in peripheral blood in children with recurrent or persistent AOM. METHODS: The study was performed on a group of 25 children hospitalized for recurrent AOM, failures of previous treatments and/or acute mastoiditis. The results were compared to the control group of healthy children at the same age. The expression of TLRs on peripheral blood white cells was measured by flow cytometric analysis. The results were expressed as mean fluorescence intensity (MFI). The statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: The highest expression of TLR was found on monocytes, the lowest on lymphocytes in both groups of children (AOM and the control one). The expression of TLR1 was the lowest and expression of TLR4 was the highest on all examined cells. The expression of all examined TLRs on monocytes was significantly higher in the AOM group. CONCLUSIONS: Peripheral blood monocytes are characterized by increased expression of TLRs in the course of recurrent AOM.

Production of cytokines by mononuclear cells of hypertrophic adenoids in children with otitis media with effusion.

Hypertrophic adenoids with otitis media with effusion is a common infectious disease and present a serious otological problem in children. Cytokines, potent inflammatory mediators, play important role in the initiation of immunological response in otitis media. Adenoids excised due to hypertrophy with or without chronic otitis media with effusion were used to isolate mononuclear cells. Secretion of cytokines by non-stimulated and PHA-stimulated cells was determined by specific ELISAs. We found a significant increase in the production of IL-5 and TNF-α secreted by adenoidal cells of children with otitis media with effusion compared to group with hypertrophic adenoids. No differences were found in the secretion of IL-8, IL-6, and IL-10 between these two groups of patients. Our results suggest a difference between the immunological responses in the course of hypertrophic adenoids with otitis media as compared to hypertrophic adenoids.

Increased percentage of T cells with the expression of CD127 and CD132 in hypertrophic adenoid in children with otitis media with effusion.

The hypertrophic adenoid may promote chronic suppurative otitis media in children as it fulfills its immune function. The number of lymphocytes in the adenoid and their cooperation in the immune response depend of on their proliferation and migration to the effector sites. Interleukin 7 (IL-7) is essential for the normal development and function lymphocytes. IL-7 plays pivotal role for activation and proliferation of T and B cells. The heterodimeric interleukin-7 receptor (IL-7R) is composed of the IL-7Rα (127) and the common cytokine receptor γc (CD132). The aim of this study was to evaluate the percentage of lymphocytes T (CD4(+) and CD8(+)) with IL-7R (CD127 and CD132) expression in hypertrophic adenoid in children suffering with otitis media with effusion for a duration of 3 months. Adenoid excised due to hypertrophy with or without chronic otitis media with effusion was used as study material. CD4(+) CD127(+), CD4(+)132(+), CD8(+)CD127(+) and CD8(+)CD132(+) cell subpopulations were identified using monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry. The percentage of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells with CD127 receptor expression in hypertrophic adenoid of children with otitis media with effusion was statistically significantly higher than in hypertrophic adenoid group. The percentage of CD4(+) T cells with CD132 expression in the study group was statistically significantly higher than in the reference group. The percentage of CD8(+) T cells with CD132(+) expression was not statistically different in both groups. The increased percentage of T lymphocytes with IL-7R expression (CD127 and CD132) in hypertrophic adenoid seems to influence the quantity of lymphocytes and upset the immunological function of tonsils which can influence the course of otitis media with effusion.

[The estimation of the number of platelets by different methods]. / Ocena liczby plytek róznymi metodami pomiarowymi.

UNLABELLED: The commonly available and accurate platelet counts play an important role in the evaluation of haemorrhagic status and in assessing the need for platelet transfusions. We evaluated platelet counting performance by the Sysmex XT-2000i haematology analyser and by the Coulter EPICS XL cytometry using optical, impedance and immunological methods in trombocytopenic patients. Hematology analysers display the high precision and the accuracy of the measurement of the number of platelets in whole blood. However, the measurement of number of platelets can be disturbed by the presence of interference factors such as: microcytic erytrocytes, schizocytes, cryoglobulins, microplatelets and immunological clumps. THE AIM OF THE STUDY: The comparison of impedance, optical and immunological enumeration methods of platelets by the Sysmex XT-2000i haematology analyser and by the Coulter EPICS XL cytometer. RESULTS: The platelet count of all considered methods showed good correlation with the cytometric method. CONCLUSIONS: Only cytometric method with using anti-CD41 monoclonal antibody allowed to verify the results of enumeration methods of platelets.

[CD80 and CD86 coreceptors expression on lymphocytes B in hypertrophied adenoids in children with otitis media with effusion]. / Ekspresja koreceptorów CD80 i CD86 na limfocytach B w przeroslych migdalkach gardlowych u dzieci chorych na wysiekowe zapalenie ucha srodkowego.

AIM: The aim of this study was evaluation of the percentage and mean fluorescence intensity of lymphocytes B with expression CD80 and CD86 in hypertrophied adenoids in children with otitis media with effusion. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Expression coreceptors CD80 and CD86 on lymphocytes B in adenoid tissue were estimated by flow cytometry method. 15 children with otitis media with effusion and 15 children with hypertrophied adenoid were tested. RESULTS: This study showed significantly higher percentage of lymphocytes CD19+ CD80+ in children with otitis media with effusion (OME 1.42% +/- 0.91) than in comparative group with hypertrophied adenoids (AH 0.63% +/- 0.21). The receptor CD86 didn't show differences in expression on lymphocytes B between both examinated groups. CONCLUSION: Low expression of CD80 and CD86 indicates that local immunity response in hypertrophied adenoids in children with otitis media with effusion is weakened. It can contribute to the otitis media with effusion.

[Dendritic cells in hypertrophied adenoid at children with otitis media with effusion]. / Komórki dendrytyczne w tkance przeroslych migdalków gardlowych u dzieci chorych na wysiekowe zapalenie ucha srodkowego.

INTRODUCTION: The adenoids are organized as lymphoepithelial structures that play an important role in protecting both the upper respiratory and alimentary tract regions. This functions requires dendritic cells (DC) which are one of the major populations of immune cells. Due to the presence of specific receptors (DC) are able to respond to both intra- and extracellular antigens. Dendritic cells activating immunological response in tonsil contribute formation immunologic competent cells on necessity of rolling inflammatory process in middle ear. AIM OF STUDY: An investigation was executed in hypertrophied adenoids with or without otitis media with effusion. METHODS: By flow cytometry percentage of CD11c+ myeloid DC and 123+ plasmacytoid DC in hypertrophied adenoid and hypertrophied adenoid and otitis media with effusion was analyzed. RESULTS: The percentage of CD11c+ myeloid DC and 123+ plasmacytoid DC was similar in hypertrophied adenoid and otitis media with effusion compored to the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that part of dendritic cells has not on course of inflammatory process influence rolling in middle ear.

[Expression CD27 on T and B lymphocytes in hypertrophied adenoids at children with otitis media with effusion]. / Ekspresja receptora CD27 na limfocytach T i B w tkance przeroslych migdalków gardlowych u dzieci chorych na wysiekowe zapalenie ucha srodkowego.

INTRODUCTION: Adenoid has particular meaning to develop of immunological response to inflammations in upper respiratory inclusive middle ear. The mining of antigen CD27 on lymphocytes T and B in creation of memory cells is still unclear. AIM: CD27 on lymphocytes T and B has a crucial role in development of immune response against inflammatory state. Aim of this study was evaluation functions of lymhocytes with expression CD27 in hypertrophied adenoid in children with otitis media with effusion. MATERIAL AND METHODS: [corrected] We tested 24 children in examine group with hypertrophied adenoid and otitis media with effusion (OME), and 29 children in comparative group only with hypertrophied adenoid (HA). We also divided both groups into two groups, above 5 and over 5 years old. We made the research by flow cytometry method. We used anty-CD19, anty-CD3, anty-CD5 and anty-CD27 monoclonal antibodies to examinations. RESULTS: We showed the lowest percentage lymphocytes B CD5+ with expression of CD27 in subgroup older children with otitis media with effusion (O.M.E. 22.43 +/- 2.66%) in compartative to younger children in the same group (15.96 +/- 5.31%; p < 0.005) and to older comparative subgroup (H.A. 15.50 +/- 8.03; p < 0.001). Percentages of B CD5 cells with expression of CD27 was statistical lower in examinated group (7.25 +/- 3.81) than in comparative group (H.A. 16.26 +/- 5.82; p < 0.04). In group with hypertrophied adenoid showed higher percentages of CD5-CD27+CD19+ cells both in younger and older supgroup than in equivalent supgroups with O.M.E. CONCLUSIONS: Iteraction of CD27-CD70 regulates many functions of T and B lymphocytes. It seems that disorders humoral immunologucal answer in hypertrophied adenoids are supported to develop of otitis media with effusion.

[Expression of chosen chemokine receptors on the Th lymphocytes in children with hypertrophied adenoids with otitis media with effusion]. / Ekspresja wybranych receptorów chemokin na limfocytach Th przeroslych migdalków gardlowych w wysiekowym zapaleniu ucha srodkowego.

INTRODUCTION: Chemokine receptors play a crucial role in the recruitment of leucocytes into inflamed tissue from secondary lymphoid organs. AIM OF THIS STUDY: was evaluation of the percentage Th (CD4+) lymphocytes with expression of chemokine receptors: CCR3, CCR4, and CCR5 in hypertrophied adenois tissue in children with otitis media with effusion. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 36 children with otitis media with effusion and 25 children with hypertrophied adenoids were tested. Expression of chemokine receptors CCR3, CCR4 and CCR5 on T CD4 lymphocytes of hypertrophied adenoid's tissue was estimated by flow cytometry method. RESULTS: Average percentage of T CD4+ lymphocytes with expression CCR4 in hypertrophied adenoid in children group with otitis media with effusion (OME = 64.11%) was significantly higher than in comparative group with hypertrophied adenoid (HA = 75.05%, p < 0.04). We showed statistically lower percentage of CD3+CD4+ cells with expression CCR3 in examinated group (OME = 47.19%) than HA group (62.66%; p < 0.003). CONCLUSION: Results suggests that intensify of humoral immunological answer in hypertrophied adenoid depends on Th2 lymphocytes with expression CCR3 and CCR4 chemokine receptors in course of inflammatory state in middle ear.

[Cytometric evaluation of immaturity granulocytes in infections]. / Cytometryczna ocena odmlodzenia granulocytów obojetnochlonnych w przebiegu infekcji.

UNLABELLED: The leukocyte differential count is one of the most useful and frequency requested tests in the clinical laboratory. Conventional blood cell counting instruments can enumerate only the WBCs normally found in the peripheral blood, i.e., neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. Nevertheless, there are other cells not normally found in the peripheral blood, such as immature granulocyte. They are indicators of different disease states. We haven't got still references of automatic method to good evaluation of enumeration of the immature granulocyte. AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of this study was compare count immature granulocytes by manual microscopy method with flow cytometric method. Flow cytometric method enumeration of immature granulocyte was performed using monoclonal antibody: anti-CD45, anti-CD11b and anti-CD16. RESULTS: A comparison of flow cytometry count with the manual count of promyelocytes, myelocytes, and metamyelocytes using linear regression revealed a correlation coefficient of 0,85 for percentage counts. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that the flow cytometric immature granulocyte count can replace the manual morphology count for the laboratory work.

[Atypical lymphocytes]. / Limfocyty atypowe.

Atypical lymphocytes or reactive are cells that become large as a result of antigen stimulation. This cells usually are associated with viral illnesses, however they can also be present as result of drug reactions, immunisations, humoral diseases and auto-immune disorders.

Adenoid as a source of lymphocytes in the surface secretions of nasopharynx.

OBJECTIVE: The significance and protective efficacy of surface secretions on mucosal membranes in the upper airways are well recognized. The aim of our study was to reveal the role of the adenoids as a source of cellular components in the mucosal secretion. METHODS: The adenoid removed because of its hypertrophy and the samples of surface secretions taken by "imprint method" described by Ebenfelt et al. from the group of 38 children were examined by flow cytometry. The lymphocyte subsets with following antigens: CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, CD23, CD16+56, CD45RA, CD45RO, HLA-DR were analyzed. Two groups were studied: (1) AH, children with adenoid hyperplasia without otitis media; (2) OME, children with adenoid hyperplasia and persistent otitis media with effusion. Age-related changes in percentages of lymphocyte subpopulations were analyzed. RESULTS: The percentage of lymphocyte subsets in adenoid and secretion were similar, however, in the surface secretion there was higher proportion of lymphocytes B and NK and lower of T. There was no correlation between percentages of lymphocyte in adenoid and surface secretion except for lymphocytes Th with memory phenotype and lymphocytes B with marker CD23(+). In adenoid the percentage of T and Th lymphocytes increased with age and the percentage of B lymphocytes decreased. In the secretion age-related changes were less pronounced and only the percentage of lymphocytes B CD23(+) showed positive correlation with age. In cases of otitis media with effusion there was higher proportion of lymphocytes B (CD19(+) and CD19(+)CD23(+)) and lower of lymphocytes Ts and Th with naive phenotype in the secretion. In adenoid however, the cases of OME revealed lower percentage of lymphocytes B and higher of lymphocytes Ts. CONCLUSIONS: Similar proportions of lymphocyte subpopulations in surface secretion and in adenoid imply that adenoid is the source of those cells. However, lack of correlation between the percentages of lymphocytes in secretion and in adenoid suggest that the process of lymphocyte migration has active and selective character.

[Evaluation of percentage of the CD19+CD5+ lymphocytes in hypertrophied adenoids at children with otitis media with effusion]. / Ocena odsetka limfocytów CD19+CD5+ w przeroslych migdalkach gardlowych u dzieci chorych na wysiekowe zapalenie ucha srodkowego.

INTRODUCTION: Otitis media with effusion and hypertrophied adenoid are still common diseases in childhood. Adenoid has particular meaning to develop of immunological response to inflammations in upper respiratory inclusive middle ear. The origin CD19+CD5+ B cells remains controversial. The differentiation response to ligation of CD5 resulting in apoptosis or proliferation lymphocytes. The aim of this study was compare the percentage of CD19+CD5+ lymphocytes in hypertrophied adenoid tissue at children with otitis media with effusion to comparative group without inflammatory state in middle ear. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We tested 37 children in examine group with hypertrophied adenoid and otitis media with effusion (OME), and 32 children in comparative group only with hypertrophied adenoid (HA). We also divided both groups into two groups, above 5 and over 5 years old. We made the research by flow cytometry method. We used anty-CD19 and anty-CD5 monoclonal antibodies to examinations. RESULTS: In this study we showed significantly higher percentage of the CD19+CD5+ lymphocytes at children with examined group (OME 22.12 +/- 4.31%) than in comparative group (HA 19.16 +/- 4.32%), p < 0,04. Percentage of the subpopulation CD5+ B cells was significantly higher (p < 0,02) at younger subgroup (21.55 +/- 5.34%) than in older subgroup (18.24 +/- 2.35%) of children with both groups (OME + HA). CONCLUSIONS: The significant higher percentage of B lymphocytes with expressions of CD5+ receptor in hypertrophied adenoid tissue at children with otitis media with effusion are important to develop of early immunological response to inflammatory state in middle ear.

[Platelet satellitism]. / Satelityzm plytkowy.

Platelet satellitism is an infrequent phenomenon of platelet adhesion to leucocytes. Twelve-month-old patient was hospitalized because of bronchopneumonia. In peripheral blood smear prepared from EDTA-anticoagulated blood sample taken from this patient platelet satellitism was observed. As time went by, a gradual, small decrease of platelet count was observed. Cytometric analysis showed the following proportions of platelet aggregates: with granulocytes--88,7%, with monocytes--5,0%, with lymphocytes--17,0%. In spite of using modern hematological analyzers still microscopic assessment of peripheral blood sample is necessary. Microscopic examination of blood smear is necessary not only to assess erythrocytes and leucocytes systems but also blood platelets.

[Expression of adhesion molecule CD62L on subpopulations of lymphocytes T and B in hypertrophied adenoids at sick's children with otitis media with effusion]. / Ekspresja czasteczki adhezyjnej CD62L na subpopulacjach limfocytów T i B przeroslych migdalków gardlowych dzieci chorych na wysiekowe zapalenie ucha.

INTRODUCTION: Otitis media with effusion (OME) and hypertrophy adenoid (AH) are still common diseases during childhood. Adenoid has particular meaning in develop of immunological answer to inflammation in upper respiratory inclusive middle ear. The CD62L lymphocyte adhesion molecule plays an important role in controlling lymphocyte extravasations into adenoid and at sites of tissue infection. The aim of this study was evaluation of the percentage lymphocytes CD4+, CD8+, CD19+ with expression of superficial adhesive molecule CD62L and its expression in hypertrophied adenoids at sick's children with otitis media with effusion. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In investigations has tested 37 children with otitis with effusion and 35 children from hypertrophied adenoids. Expression of adhesion molecule CD62L on lymphocytes of tissue adenoids estimated by flow cytometry method. RESULTS: In this study showed higher significant percentage of lymphocytes CD19+CD62L+ in children in otitis media with effusion (OME. 59.33 +/- 9.65%) with reference to comparative group with hypertrophied adenoids (AH 53.47 +/- 9.67%). Mean fluorescence intensity CD62L was higher on subpopulation lymphocytes CD8+ and CD19+ at children with OME than AH. CONCLUSIONS: The increase of percentage's lymphocytes CD62L+ in tissue of adenoids can to testify to enlarged migration lymphocytes from whole blood to adenoid. The increase of density of CD62L receptor on lymphocytes can be effect local inflammatory process.

[Expression of receptor CD23+ on B lymphocytes in hypertrophied adenoids of children with otitis media with effusion]. / Ekspresja receptora CD23+ na limfocytach B w tkance przeroslych migdalków gardlowych u dzieci chorych na wysiekowe zapalenie ucha.

Tonsil pharyngeal is stimulated chronic by pathogens can be causes this hypertrophied; whose often is companions to otitis media with effusion. Subpopulation dominates in tonsil pharyngeal are lymphocytes B, and their markers activation are expression of antigen CD23+. The aim of this study was finding dependence between otitis media with effusion and coexistent hypertrophy adenoids, and percentage of lymphocytes CD19+ with expression of antigen CD23+ in hypertrophy adenoids. In the study showed higher significant percentage of lymphocytes CD19+ CD23+ at children in otitis media with effusion (20.08+/-2.93) with reference to comparative group, which was only hypertrophy adenoid (18.16+/-2.25). Percentage lymphocytes B (CD23+) were the highest (20.01+/-5.81) in children subgroup above 5 years old with otitis media with effusion, and lowest (17.36+/-2.78) in children comparative subgroup above 5 years old. As regards on different functions of antigen CD23+ the assessment of percentage lymphocytes B with expression of CD23+ can be additional marker in course immunological and inflammatory processes to occur in hypertrophy adenoids at children are sick otitis media with effusion.

Lymphocyte subpopulations in middle ear effusions: flow cytometry analysis.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify lymphocyte subpopulations in middle ear effusions, peripheral blood, and adenoids in children suffering from otitis media with effusion. SETTING: Tertiary referral center. PATIENTS: Thirty-three children (55 ears) undergoing myringotomy for otitis media with effusion. METHODS: CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, and natural killer cell populations were investigated in middle ear effusion, peripheral blood, and adenoids using a three-color monoclonal antibody and flow cytometry method for quantitative estimation. RESULTS: T cells (CD3) are dominating lymphocytes in middle ear effusion. Among T lymphocytes, the majority are those of the helper type (CD4). The dominating isoform among CD4 lymphocytes are memory cells (CD4CD45RO); among CD8 lymphocytes, naive cells (CD8CD45RA). The percentage of CD4 cells, CD8 cells, and the CD4/CD8 ratio was significantly higher in middle ear effusions than in blood. The percentage of memory CD4 lymphocytes and naive CD8 lymphocytes was significantly lower in the middle ear effusion. Lymphocyte subsets were compared between 22 pairs of effusions from each patient. The percentage of each type of cell did not differ significantly. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate local regulation of the lymphocyte profile in middle ear effusions and the same phase of immune response in two ears of the same patient.

Blood platelet and monocyte activations and relation to stages of liver cirrhosis.

AIM: Blood platelets (plt) and monocytes are the cells that play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of liver damage and liver cirrhosis (LC). In this paper, the analysis of mutual relationship between platelets and monocytes activation in LC was conducted. METHODS: Immunofluorescent flow cytometry was used to measure the percentage of activated platelet populations (CD62P, CD63), the percentage of plt-monocyte aggregates (pma) (CD41/CD45), and activated monocytes (CD11b, CD14, CD16) in the blood of 20 volunteers and 40 patients with LC. Platelet activation markers: sP-selectin, platelet factor 4 (PF4), beta-thromboglobulin (betaTG) and monocyte chemotactic peptide-1 (MCP-1) were measured and compared in different stages of LC. RESULTS: Platelet activation with the increase in both betaTG serum concentration and elevation of plt population (CD62P and CD63 as well as MIF CD62P and CD63) is elevated as LC develops and thrombocytopenia rises. There is a positive correlation between medial intensity of fluorescence (MIF) CD62P and MIF CD63 in LC. We did not show any relationship between monocyte activation and pma level. SP-selectin concentration correlates positively with plt count and pma, and negatively with stage of plt activation and MIF CD62P and MIF CD63. There was no correlation between MCP-1 concentration and plt, monocyte activation as well as pma level in LC. CD16 monocytes and MIF CD16 populations are significantly higher in the end stage of LC. A positive correlation occurs between the value of CD11b monocyte population and MIF CD14 and MIF CD16 on monocytes in LC. CONCLUSION: Platelet and monocyte activation plays an important role in LC. Platelet activation stage does not influence monocyte activation and production of plt aggregates with monocytes in LC. With LC development, thrombocytopenia may be the result of plt consumption in platelet-monocyte aggregates.

[Lymphocyte subpopulations in the surface secretion on the adenoid]. / Subpopulacje limfocytów obecnych w wydzielinie pokrywajacej migdalek gardlowy.

The significance and protective efficacy of surface secretions on mucosal membranes in the upper airways are well recognized. The aim of our study was to reveal the role of the adenoids as a source of cellular components in the mucosal secretion. The adenoid removed because of its hypertrophy and the samples of surface secretions taken by "imprint method" described by Ebenfelt et al. from the group of 38 children were examined. By flow cytometry the lymphocyte subsets with following antigens: CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, CD23, CD16+56, CD45RA, CD45RO, HLA-DR were analyzed. The results were compared between the groups of younger and older children and in the group of concomitant otitis media with effusion (OMS) and pure adenoid hypertrophy. The percentage of lymphocyte subsets in adenoid and secretion were similar, except for lymphocytes Th with memory phenotype which were more numerous in the adenoid and lymphocytes B CD23+ which were more numerous in the secretion. In the adenoid the percentage of T and Th lymphocytes increased with age and the percentage of B lymphocytes decreased. In the secretion the percentage of lymphocytes Th and B CD23+ was higher among older children. In cases of otitis media with effusion higher percentage of lymphocytes B (CD19+ and CD19+CD23+) and lower of lymphocytes Ts and Th with naive phenotype were observed in the secretion. In adenoid however lower percentage of lymphocytes B and higher of lymphocytes Ts was observed in cases of OMS.

[Is cellular immunity not impaired after remission induction in acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children]. / Czy odpowiedz komórkowa nie ulega uszkodzeniu po indukcji remisji w ostrej bialaczce limfoblastycznej u dzieci?

UNLABELLED: We examined immune system at the time of diagnosis and after remission induction in the group of 30 children (aged 6.5 +/- 3.6) with acute pre-B lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). The group was divided into standard risk group (treated with BFM protocol, n = 20) and high risk group (New York protocol, n = 10). We measured: episodes of infection, leukocytosis, immunoglobulin concentrations (G, M, A and E), lymphocytes and their subpopulations (CD19+, CD3+, CD3 + HLA-DR+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4 + CD45RA+, CD4 + CD45RO+, CD8 + CD45RA+, CD8 + CD45RO+, CD16 + CD56+). RESULTS: Immunoglobulin concentrations at the time of diagnosis were normal, and decreased after remission induction only reduction of IgG concentration was statistically significant (p = 0.008). At the time of diagnosis we noted the following differences in examined group compared to control group: higher leukocytosis (p = 0.03), lower lymphocyte count (p = 0.0008), significantly lower lymphocyte subpopulation count (for subpopulations CD19+; CD3+; CD4+; CD8+ and CD16 + 56+). After remission induction comparing to the time of diagnosis we observed: total leukocytosis reduction (p = 0.01), percentage and count CD19+ lymphocytes reduction (adequately p = 0.000007, p = 0.03), increase of lymphocyte CD3+ percentage (p = 0.002) and CD8+ lymphocyte percentage (p = 0.00003). CONCLUSIONS: 1. At the time of diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children lower counts of all lymphocyte populations are observed. 2. Immune suppression after remission induction in this group of patients concerns mainly humoral response, particularly immunoglobulin G production. 3. Severe infections in patients treated for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia are indication to immunological system assessment and early immunoglobulin supplementations of deficits e.g. immunoglobulin infusions. 4. Humoral immunity impairment in children with ALL is an effect of treatment, not disease.