The Effect of Surgical Procedure in the Nasal Cavity on the Passive Avoidance Conditioning and the Hypothalamic Level of Monoamines in Rats.

A rat biological model of septoplasty was used to study the effect of surgery on passive avoidance conditioning (PAC). Septoplasty was shown to increase anxiety and to reduce exploratory activity in rodents during PAC. A neurochemical analysis of the hypothalamus was carried out immediately after the end of the experiment and showed an increase in norepinephrine (NE) metabolism after septoplasty. The finding was tentatively associated with activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.

The Relationship between p53-Positive Neurons and Dark Neurons in the Hippocampus of Rats after Surgical Interventions on the Nasal Septum.

The study evaluates the dependence of p53 protein expression on the appearance of dark neurons (DNs) in the hippocampus in rats during experimental modeling of septoplasty. Septoplasty simulation was carried out on 15 sexually mature male Wistar rats. We studied histological sections of the hippocampus stained with Nissl toluidine blue and antibodies to the p53 protein. In the CA1 subfield, the number of p53-positive neurons significantly increased on the 2nd, 4th (p < 0.001) and 6th days (p < 0.05). In the dynamics, the peak of the growth of p53 protein expression in the cytoplasm of CA1 and CA2 neurons fell on the 2-4th day after the operation, and on the 6th day the number of these neurons decreased (p < 0.001). In the cytoplasm of CA3 neurons in all periods after surgery, an increase in the expression of the p53 protein as compared to the control group was noted. In the CA1 pyramidal layer, the number of DNs decreased on the 6th day (p < 0.001). In CA2, after 2 days, a minimum of DNs as compared with the 4th day (p < 0.001) was noted. In CA3, on the 4th day, there was a peak in DNs as compared with the rest of the days (p < 0.001). A positive strong association was found in all periods of assessment and in all subfields of the hippocampus between an increase in the number of dark and p53-positive neurons. The appearance of dark and p53-positive neurons in the hippocampal formation in rats after simulating septoplasty are typical responses of nervous tissue to stress. It is obvious that the expression of the p53 protein is associated with the basophilia of the cytoplasm of neurons, their morpho-functional state. Presumably, the p53 protein can trigger not only the activation of damaged neurons in the hippocampus but also play a neuroprotective role. Upcoming studies should determine the role of the p53 protein in the further fate of damaged neurons in the pyramidal layer and differentiate the mechanisms of its expression.

[Dynamics of vowel acoustic space indicators in patients with long-term hearing loss]. / Dinamika pokazatelei akusticheskikh treugol'nikov glasnykh zvukov u patsientov, stradayushchikh dlitel'nym narusheniem slukha.

New procedure of vowel acoustic space (VAS) (of vowel acoustic triangles) transformation for the purpose of characterization of vowel production in individuals with long-term hearing loss (HL) was developed. OBJECTIVE: To characterize VAS of adult Russian speakers with long-term HL using newly developed acoustic indicators. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Recordings of sustained Russian cardinal vowels /a/, /i/, /u/ of 10 women and 10 men with long-term HL were acoustically analyzed. For each participant, two first formants of each vowel were measured and log-transformed (logF1, logF2). VAS was transformed into right triangles, their /u/ corners were moved to the origin, and their legs were aligned with axes. VAS was almost symmetrical, equal and have a maximum size in the control group consisted of subjects without hearing impairment while these of long-term HL group VAS size tended to have reduced and VAS stretched along one axis. RESULTS: Our study showed that a new VAS normalization approach can distinguish at least three groups of people with long-term HL. CONCLUSION: There are those with vowel triangles stretched along logF1-axis, with vowel triangles stretched along logF2-axis, and with symmetrical vowel triangles. Causes of the VAS differences require further investigation.

Low-Intensity Laser Therapy As a Method to Reduce Stress Responses after Septoplasty.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) to minimize acute pain in the early postoperative period in patients after septoplasty. In total, 62 patients underwent septoplasty under general anesthesia (40 men and 22 women, 18-44 years old) followed by nasal tamponade. Patients of the 1st group did not undergo PBMT, and patients of the 2nd group received PBMT 3, 6, and 24 h after septoplasty (infrared pulsed laser radiation, λ = 0.890 µm, P = 10 W, 2 min in the projection of the wings of the nose). After 48 h, after the removal of tampons, intranasal PBMT with a nozzle in the red range, with λ = 0.63 µm, P = 8 mW, 2 min. ULF, HF, LF, and total power of heart rate variability (HRV), pain syndrome was assessed. ULF, LF, HF, total HRV power were significantly lower in group 2, compared to group 1. In the period from 6 to 24 h after septoplasty, patients of group 1 experienced higher pain than patients with PBMT (p < 0.001). The use of PBMT after septoplasty against the background of nasal tamponade helps to reduce the severity of pain syndrome and the inflammatory response to surgical stress and, consequently, leads to less pronounced changes in the autonomic nervous system in response to surgical stress.

Changes in the Time-Domain of Heart Rate Variability and Corticosterone after Surgical Trauma to the Nasal Septum in Rats.

The aim of the work was to study changes in the time range of heart rate variability (HRV) against the background of changes in the concentration of corticosterone in blood plasma in rats after surgical trauma to the nasal septum. Septoplasty was simulated in 30 mature male Wistar rats weighing 210-290 g. ECG was recorded with subsequent analysis of the time domain of HRV, as well as blood sampling to estimate changes in the concentration of corticosterone in the blood plasma was performed. As a result, SDNN significantly increased in comparison with the control on days 2 and 3 (p < 0.001) but decreased on days 4-5 (p < 0.001) and 6 (p < 0.01). rMSSD changed in waves with two irregular peaks on days 1 and 6. SDNN/rMSSD, in comparison with the 1st day of the postoperative period, increased on the 2nd day, continued to increase (p < 0.05), and then began to decrease on day 4 (p < 0.01). The total HRV power of was low throughout the postoperative period (p < 0.001), except for day 3, when it was equal to the control data. The increase in the total power index fell on day 3 after the operation (p <0.01), after which its decline was observed again. The concentration of corticosterone in the blood plasma in rats was significantly higher than before (p < 0.001). On postoperative day 2 to 4, its plateau was determined. Simulation of septoplasty leads to changes in the time range of HRV, an increase in the concentration of corticosterone in the blood plasma in rats with its maximum at the time of surgery and 24 h later, and the formation of a "plateau" on postoperative days 2 to 4, which coincides with the changes in HRV.

Comparison of the Effects of Septoplasty and Sinus Lifting Simulation in Rats on Changes in Heart Rate Variability.

The effects of septoplasty and sinus lifting simulation in rats on changes in the frequency domain of heart rate variability were compared. In the early postoperative period, the low-frequency component increases, and the high-frequency component decreases. The VLF range also increased. This indicates an increase in the activity of the sympathetic nervous system and a shift in metabolism under the influence of post-surgical inflammation.

Influence of Surgical Trauma in the Nasal Cavity on the Expression of p53 Protein in the Hippocampus of Rats.

The aim of the study was to determine the role of the stress effect of septoplasty modeling on p53 protein expression in the hippocampus of rats under conditions of sensory olfactory deprivation. Simulation of septoplasty was carried out on 30 sexually mature male rats. A quantitative assessment of the apoptosis of neurons in the pyramidal layer of the hippocampus in the subfields CA1, CA2, CA3, and dentate gyrus (DG) on days 2, 4, and 6 after surgery was carried out. Histological sections were stained by the immunohistochemical method with antibodies to the p53 protein. An increase in the number of p53-positive neurons was noted in all subfields; the maximum increase in the number of apoptotic neurons was noted on day 4 after surgery. The stress effect of modeling septoplasty in rats, accompanied by sensory deprivation of the peripheral part of the olfactory analyzer, provoked the expression of p53 and the initiation of apoptosis mechanisms in various subfields of the hippocampus.

Study of the Role of Hearing Aid on the Area of the Acoustic Field of Vowels.

The method of transformation of acoustic vowel triangles (AVT) /a/, /i/, /u/ was used for an objective assessment of the acoustic features of vowels in the speech production of 20 persons with long-term hearing impairment (LHI). The logarithm of the values ​​of the first two formants of each vowel (logF1, logF2) was determined for each subject. AVTs were transformed into the right-angled triangles, the vertices of the sound /u/ of which were moved to the origin of coordinates and the legs were aligned with the coordinate axes. In patients with LHI, the size of the triangles usually decreased, and they were stretched along one of the axes, which probably depends not only on the hearing loss severity but also on the duration of hearing aid use. The presented approach to the normalization of AVTs makes it possible to distinguish at least three groups of persons with LHI: in the first group, vowel triangles are stretched along the logF1 axis; in the second group, vowel triangles are stretched along the logF2 axis; and in the third group, AVT are symmetric.

Effectiveness of the Sequential Use of Plastic and Titanium Implants for Experimental Replacement of the Mandibular Defect in Animals Using Preliminary Digital Design.

Using the templates preliminarily made by 3D design and prototyping methods, defects in the lateral area of the lower jaw of sheep were created using the piezosurgical technique. The defects were replaced by plastic implants obtained by the method of layer-by-layer fusion of the FDM printing-fusing deposition modeling and fixation with titanium screws to the jaw body. In the time interval, plastic implants are replaced by titanium implants obtained by selective laser sintering (SLS) using a 3D printer. To study the processes of reparative osteogenesis, microsamples of tissues of the preimplantation zone were analyzed. As a result, signs of osteo- and fibro-osseointegration were identified. The obtained data are regarded as a prerequisite for further clinical trials of the developed protocols for the sequential replacement of jaw defects using 3D printing.

The Effect of Surgical Trauma in the Nasal Cavity on the Behavior in the Open Field and the Autonomic Nervous System of Rats.

In this article, the effect of surgical damage to the nasal mucosa in rats under the action of general anesthesia was investigated. The motor activity and heart rate variability (HRV) of rats were studied before and 2 days after the surgery. After surgical exposure, motor activity decreased, the time of fading and grooming increased, VLF increased, and HF decreased. Surgical trauma of the nasal septum in rats at the early postoperative stage promotes a pronounced stress response in the form of a sharp shift in the balance of the autonomic nervous system towards the sympathetic level and causes a decrease in exploratory activity, an anxiety, and a depressive-like state in rats.

[The specific immunophenotypic features of nasopharyngeal carcinoma]. / Immunofenotipicheskie osobennosti nazofaringeal'noi kartsinomy.

We have undertaken the retrospective analysis of the medical histories of 119 patients presenting with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and the biopsy specimens obtained from them; the wereinvestigated with the use of the histological (staining of the micropreparations with hematoxylin and eosin) and immunehistochemical (monoclonal murine antibodies against Pan-cytokeratin, CK 5/6, EBV, CK7, CK19, p16) techniques. The study has demonstrated the presence of non-differentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma in 97 patients, diffuse large-cell B-lymphoma in 18 ones, melanoma of the nasopharyngeal mucous membrane in 2, and nasopharyngeal rhabdosarcoma in 1 patient. The immunohistochemical study revealed co-expression of the markers of Epstein-Barr virus, Pan-cytokeratin, and CK 5/6 in the non-differentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma .

[Septoplasty and tonsillectomy: acute stress response as a measure of effectiveness of local anesthetics].

AIM: To compare the effectiveness of lidocaine and articaineused as local anesthetics in septoplasty and tonsillectomy based on the physiological stress response. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study included 125 patients with nasal septum deviation (NSD) and chronic tonsillitis (CT). The patients presenting with NSD were divided into two groups. Those comprising group 1A (n=32) were treated with a 2% lidocaine solution for local infiltration analgesia (LIA), the patients of group 1B (n=30) were given 2%articaine as LIA. Group 2A contained 32 patients with CT treated with lidocaine, group 2B consisted of 31 patients given articaine. In all the patients, the overall heart rate variability (HRV) including its high, low, and very low components was measured. RESULTS: Evaluation of HRV revealed a certain degree of disadaptation in the patients of groups 1B and 2A. High dispersion of SDANN, SDNN index, andrMSSD in group 1Bas well as SDANN values in group 2A indicates the sympathetic/parasympathetic imbalance. The high-frequency component was augmented in group 2B which suggested the prevalence of parasympathetic tone, but its high dispersion was just aswell indicative of disadaptation. CONCLUSION: Local analgesia with articaine during septoplasty leads tosympathetic/parasympathetic imbalance during the early postoperative period. Lidocaine analgesia for tonsillectomy does not prevent disadaptation induced by surgical stress.