[Superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities in mice with natural lymphocytic leukemia]. / Aktywnosc dysmutazy nadtlenkowej, katalazy i peroksydazy glutationowej u myszy z naturalna bialaczka limfatyczna.

In the mice of the high leukemic strain, sick with natural lymphatic leukemia, the following parameters were determined on the 0 day, after 90, 180 and 270 days of observation: activity of the superoxide dismutase (SOD-EC1.15.1.1), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px-EC1.11.1.9) in the blood and catalase activity in erythrocytes. It was observed that the activity of all three enzymes during the development of the leukemic process decreased. This phenomenon indicates the disturbance of the protective role of these enzymes against free radicals in leucogenesis in mice.

[Levels of copper and its antagonists in mice with natural lymphocytic leukemia]. / Poziom miedzi i jej antagonistów w organizmie myszy chorych na naturalna bialaczke limfatyczna.

In the mice of high leukemic strain, sick with natural lymphatic leukemia, levels of copper, zinc and cadmium in blood and inner organs were determined by the method of atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Mice were killed on the 0 day (when 10 weeks old) and after 90, 180 and 270 days of observation. In plasma the level of ceruloplasmin (EC1.12.3.1) was determined. It has been proved that in mice with lymphatic leukemia the levels of copper, zinc and cadmium are higher than in control animals. It was also found out that there is some disturbance in the natural antagonism between these metals. The activity of ceruloplasmin in the course of leukemia was determined. We have also tried to interpret the role of heavy metals in leukemogenesis in mice.

The effect of gastric banding on body weight in experimental animals.

Recently a new method of gastroplasty has been used in operative treatment of extreme obesity in humans. It depends on putting on the stomach an inabsorbable band in order to form two reservoirs: one small upper, the other large lower, and a narrow passage connecting them, without the necessity to open the stomach. Before using this method on humans it has been experimentally examined on 19 pigs. Gastric banding has little effect on the decrease of body weight, it has some effect only in the first 3-6 weeks. Bands put on the stomach move inside it because of the excessive built-up of pressure in the upper reservoir. The reservoirs vanish. Animals quickly put up weight. The pathological mechanism of moving the band inside the stomach can be explained by the presence of two processes: one reperative, on the serose layer, the other destructive, into the stomach. These findings prove that in operative treatment of extreme obesity in humans it seems essential not to allow the pressure to build up excessively in the upper stomach reservoir.

Non-phosphorylative transglucosylation in the serum and liver of mice with transplantable leukaemias.

Transglucosylative activity was examined in the serum and liver of mice with transplantable leukaemias, using following synthetic substrates: p-nitrophenyl-N-maltoside, as well as p-nitrophenyl-N-glucoside and maltose. In the serum of mice with leukaemias L 1210/ara-C and L 1210/CH3G as well as lymphoma AKSL-4 and plasmocytoma ADJ PC-5 there was observed a statistically significant decrease in the transglucosylative activity compared with the control group. Examination of extracts from the liver of mice proved increased transglucosylative activity at leukaemias L 1210/ara-C and AKSL-4. No significant changes in the transglucosylative activity were found at leukaemias L 1210/CH3G and ADJ PC-5.

[Behavior and role of mastocytes and eosinophils in natural and transplantable lymphatic leukemia in mice]. / Zachowanie sie i rola mastocytów i eozynofili w naturalnych i przeszczepialnych bialaczkach limfatycznych u myszy.

The behavior and role of mast cells and eosinophils, to the spleen cooperations between this cells at the natural and transplantable lymphatic leukaemia L 1210 and P 388 in mice. Mast cells and eosinophils are treated at the differences leukaemia organism in addition to the smearing blood. The growth and the quantity for this cells has been elevated at the beginning of the initial phase of neoplasia and the second decrease is very fast in comparing for the sort of leukaemia (natural, transplantable). The describe for this phenomenon in the bind for the heavy metals part in leukemogenesis.

Peroxisomes in lymphatic leukemia P 388 in mice--cytoenzymatic and ultrastructural investigations.

The study comprised mice of BDF1 hybrides, i.e. cross-breds F1/C57BL/6 X DBA/2, sires, aged 3 months, injected peritoneally with lymphatic leukemia P 388 in the amount of 10(4) cells. The mice were killed 5 or 11 days after injection. Peroxisomes were examined in the liver. Therefore, cytoenzymatic studies were conducted to determine the catalase activity. It was found that, after initial increase of activity (5th day of the experiment) a total or nearly total lack of catalase occurred in leukemic lymphocytes after 11 days of the disease. This was accompanied by gradual vanishing of peroxisomes-catalase transfer. It was also found that free radicals participated actively in the destabilisation of biological membranes by damaging cellular peroxisomes.

Phospholipids and cholesterol in the liver mitochondrial fraction in mice with transplantable leukemia P 388.

BDF1 hybrid mice, were given 10(4) lymphatic leukemia cells P 388 intraperitoneally. They were killed on 5th day and 11th day of the experiment. In the plasma the level of cholesterol was determined. Inner organs, i.e. liver, spleen, lymph nodes and thymus were verified histopathologically. Mitochondrial fraction lipids were extracted from liver and separated by thin layer chromatography. It was proved that the amount of mitochondrial fraction lipids of leukemic mice was considerably higher than in healthy mice and it increased together with the process of the neoplasma. In the group of leukemic animals the level of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, cholesterol and sphingomyelin increased in comparison with healthy mice. The results concerning phospholipids and cholesterol level in leukemic animals were interpreted in the aspect of the interaction of these compounds with vitamin E, polyunsaturated fatty acids and free radicals.

Evaluation of immunity of sheep after splenectomy, splenic artery ligation and autotransplantation of splenic tissue.

The studies aiming at evaluation of immunity after splenectomy, splenic artery ligation, and autotransplantation of splenic tissue were performed in sheep. It was found that splenectomy alters both humoral and cellular immunity. The phagocytic activity of granulocytes, reduced level of IgG, drop in T and ARF cells as well as bone marrow stimulation were noted. In animals subjected to splenic artery ligation or autotransplantation of splenic tissue no significant differences in parameters studied were observed. These results correlated with histological examinations indicate that in the case of spleen trauma two important steps should be followed: the spleen, if possible, should be saved or a spleen saving procedure should be employed; in case of extensive trauma or if contraindications for spleen saving exist, autotransplantation of splenic tissue should be performed.

[Content of the heavy metals, Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb in the organs of lympholeukemic cows]. / Uber den Gehalt der Schwermetalle Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb in den Organen lympholeukotischer Hühe.

Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb contents in liver, spleen and lymph nodes of 30 cows with lymphatic leukemia were determined using polarographic method. In leukemic tissues more or less prominent increase of mentioned metals was observed. Results of the examinations would indicate a partical disappearance of natural antagonism between particular elements in neoplastic tissues. Metals accumulation in leukemic tissue is prabably a secondary phenomenon in relation to virus infection. Alterated by virus physicochemical cell properties promote not only accumulation bat also perversion of heavy metals to tissues.

[Histoenzymatic reactions in the cells of the reticuloendothelial system of the liver and spleen and hepatocytes in acute Morfamquat dichloride poisoning]. / Odczyny histoenzymatyczne w komórkach ukladu siateczkowo-sródblonkowego watroby i sledziony oraz hepatocytach w przebiegu ostrego zatrucia Morfamquatem dichloride.

Histoenzymatic changes in cells of the reticulo-endothelial system of liver and spleen and in hepatocytes were studied in the course of acute poisoning with Morfamquat dichloride, without and under the screen of vitamin E (to mice tissue restrictive respiration compound). This herbicide was given to mice in single, intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg/kg b.w. The choice of the enzymes was based on the so-called markers of the lysosomes structures of a cell (acid phosphatase-APh-EC. 3.1.3.2. and beta-glucuronidase-beta-GU-EC. 3.2.1.31) and Golgi apparatus (thiamin pyrophosphatase-TPP-EC. 3.5.99.2) It was stated that Morfamquat dichloride caused clear stimulation in the reticuloendothelial system of the organism, with occurrence of the high activity of APh and beta-GU in the lysosome and phagolysosome structures, growth of the lysosome membranes permeability and passing their content to cytoplasm. Furthermore, the increased activity of TPP-ase in Golgi apparatus hepatocytes of animals liver may point to disturbances of the pirogroniam decarboxylation and also to disturbances of the pentose-phosphate cycle. The application of vitamin E to mice for 5 days before the poisoning, protects animals distinctly against the toxic activity of the herbicide.