[Evaluation of the anterior chamber depth and intraocular pressure before and after the operation of cataract in glaucoma patients]. / Ocena glebokosci komory przedniej i cisnienia wewnatrzgalkowego przed i po operacji zacmy u chorych z jaskra.

The aim of the paper was to assess the effect of surgical extracapsular cataract extraction with implantation of posterior chamber lens on the normalisation of intraocular pressure in eyes with glaucoma. The relationship between the preoperative depth of the anterior chamber and the postoperative normalisation of intraocular pressure was also investigated. The study was carried out on 138 eyes with cataract and glaucoma. Simple open-angle glaucoma was found in 37 eyes (26.8%), simple closing-angle glaucoma in 67 eyes (48.6%) and glaucoma with the pseudoexfoliation syndrome in 34 eyes (24.6%). Before the operation the intraocular pressure in patients ranged from 21 to 32 mm Hg. The depth of the anterior chamber was measured by means of ultrasound method. Intraocular pressure was checked for 9 months after the operation. In patients with open-angle glaucoma the depth of the anterior chamber ranged from 3.1 to 4.0 mm, in closing-angle glaucoma from 2.4 to 3.2 mm, with glaucoma in pseudoexfoliation syndrome from 3.3 to 4.2 mm. After operation the depth of anterior chamber was from 3.7 to 4.6 mm. Nine months after the operation in 64 patients (46.3%) there was no need for giving pressure reducing drugs. The highest percentage of patients who did not require treatment (73.2%) was among eyes with closing-angle glaucoma with the smallest depth of the anterior chamber before operation. It seems that the measurement of the anterior chamber depth before the operation in patients with cataract and closing-angle glaucoma may be only the indication whether the cataract extraction with the implant of the lens is sufficient to normalize the intraocular pressure.

[Causes of tilt in the posterior chamber lens around the axis of the suture following its attachment to the sclera]. / Przyczyny odchylania sie soczewki tylnokomorowej wokól osi szwu po jej przyszyciu do twardówki.

PURPOSE: The aim of the study is to find out how the way of tying the suture around the haptics creates the tilt of the lens around the axis of the suture. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was carried out using a transparent polyethylene cylinder 30 cm long 12 mm in diameter similar to the one of the eyeball in the area of sulcus ciliaris. The lenses were sutured about 5 mm from one of the ends of the cylinder using 9-0 suture. The deviation of the lens was evaluated be measuring the distance of the circumference of the haptic from the edge of the cylinder. The study was carried out using lenses without fixation holes in loops with the holes in one loop and holes in both loops. Various ways of tying the suture in the holes of the haptic were applied. RESULTS: The lenses without holes in loops were tilting around the axis of the suture. Stabilisation of these lenses was received after using two sutures on one of the loops. Similarly, lenses with hole in one loop were not tilting just after using two sutures in loop without hole. The lenses with two holes in loops were not tilting when fixation sutures were tying in a way which balances the tilt forces of sutures on each loop. CONCLUSIONS: A kind of tying the suture around the haptic has significant importance on tilt of the lens around the axis of the suture. In case of necessity to suture lenses without holes in the haptics three or four sutures (two or one on each haptic) should be applied and they must be pierced in the sclera at the distance of 5 mm from each other. Lenses with hole on one loop should have two fixation sutures on loop without hole. Lenses with holes in two loops should have sutures tying in a way which balances the tilt forces of sutures on each loop.

[Pars plana vitrectomy in the treatment of endophthalmitis]. / Witrektomia przez pars plana w leczeniu zapalen wnetrza galki ocznej.

The aim of the study was to present and assess the results obtained after performing vitrectomy in patients with endophthalmitis after cataract surgery and injuries of the eyeball. MATERIAL: The study material comprised 22 patients: 16 patients with endophthalmitis after cataract surgery, 4 after eyeball injuries and 2 after fistula operations. EFFECTS: After vitrectomy we obtained in most patients an improvement of visual acuity and reduction of inflammatory symptoms. 10 days after operation in half of the patients the visual acuity was from 2/50 to 5/50, in 27.2% from 5/30 to 5/10.

[Use of Nd:YAG laser in treatment of vitreous floaters]. / Zastosowanie Nd:YAG lasera w leczeniu metów ciala szklistego.

UNLABELLED: The aim of the paper is to present results obtained after photodisruption of non-resorptive vitreous floaters by means of the Nd:YAG laser. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 10 patients were observed. The energy of a single exposition ranged from 3 mJ to 7 mJ, and the total energy needed to break the floaters from 56 mJ to 216 mJ. In all the patients the floaters got disrupted and were moving towards the periphery of the vitreous humour. RESULTS: Only 2 patients reported persistence of tiny clouds in the visual field. No complications were observed. It seems that the use of Nd:YAG laser can, in selected cases, be an effective method of treating floaters of the vitreous humour.

[Effect of prostaglandin inhibitors on leukocyte infiltration and on leukocytes in tears after experimental injury of the corneal epithelium]. / Wplyw inhibitorów prostaglandyn na naciek leukocytarny i na leukocyty w lzach po doswiadczalnym uszkodzeniu nablonka rogówki.

The effect of drug inhibiting prostaglandin biosynthesis on permeation of leucocytes to tears and cornea after experimental removal of the epithelium was observed. It was shown that 1% indomethacin solution and 0.5% ibuprofen solution considerably decreased the number of leucocytes in tears and their infiltration to the proper substance and negatively affected regeneration of corneal epithelium. The investigations have shown that prostaglandin inhibitors inhibit leucocyte infiltration and may, in effect, decrease the number of proteolytic enzymes that are secreted by these cells.

[Experimental studies of changes in corneal refraction after use of Nd: YAG laser]. / Badania doswiadczalne nad zmianami refrakcji rogówki po zastosowaniu lasera Nd: YAG.

Using Nd: YAG laser 600-800 photodisruptions were made in the cornea of freshly enucleated pigs' eyes. The coagulations were placed in 1/3 superficial part of corneal stroma along circles of 4 mm and 5 mm in diameter. Histological examination revealed spherical empty spaces in the area of coagulations. Corneal epithelium and endothelium were not impaired. The mean decrease of corneal refraction was 1.6 D with the 5 mm circle and 1.3 D with the 4 mm circle. After 24 hours the refraction was further decreased, about 1.3 D on the average in both groups.

[Studies on possible ocular refraction changes after use of Nd: YAG laser]. / Badania nad mozliwoscia zmiany refrakcji oka po zastosowaniu lasera Nd: YAG.

In 3 human eyes with intraocular tumors, before enucleation, 300-350 photodisruptions were made in the corneal stroma using Nd: YAG laser. Coagulations were placed in 1/3 superficial part of corneal stroma along circles of 5 mm and 6 mm in diameter. Histological examinations revealed spherical empty spaces and cracks of the surrounding stroma in the area coagulations. Corneal refraction examined with Javal's ophthalmometer revealed decrease 1.2-1/4 D, maintained after 24 and 48 hours.

[Detection of early cataract changes in the crystalline lens by using in vivo spectrophotometry of the eye]. / Wykrywanie wczesnych zmian zacmowych w soczewce przy pomocy przyzyciowej spektrofotometrii galki ocznej.

The aim of the paper was to study with the use of in vivo spectrophotometry of the eye the threshold values of the registered light above which one can observe clinically visible opacities of the lens. The performed experiments did not however show any major differences in the values of the registered light between persons with early cataract and control group because of considerable scattering of the results in both these groups. In order to explain the prognostic value of the in vivo spectrophotometry of the eye it is necessary to perform long-term observations of the further fate of persons with high values of the registered light.

[Effect of cataract extraction on the results of in vivo spectrophotometry of the eye]. / Wplyw usuniecia soczewki na wyniki przyzyciowej spektrofotometrii galki ocznej.

The authors compared the results of in vivo spectrophotometry of the eye in persons with a normal lens, in patients with aphakia and after an operation of intraocular lens implantation. The results received show that in the range of 400-500 microns half of the light registered by the spectrophotometer is connected with the lens in the eye. This speaks for the assumption that in vivo spectrophotometry in this range of the wave length may be one more method enabling an objective evaluation of the transparency of the lens. In the case of patients after operation of implantation of an intraocular lens the quantity of of the light reaching the retina is only slightly larger than in persons with a normal lens.

[Studies of the changes in crystalline lens transparency in rabbits with experimental cataract]. / Badania nad zmianami przezroczystosci soczewek ocznych w doswiadczalnej zacmie u królików.

Changes of the transparency of lenses were checked by means of in vivo spectrophotometry of the eye ball and by light transmission through extracted lenses in the course of experimental early cataract in rabbits caused by naphthalen. The results of investigations show that changes of lens transparency evaluated by means of in vivo spectrophotometry of the eye appear earlier than the clinically seen opacity. It speaks for the advisability of undertaking of further studies on the possibility of utilizing this method for detection of precataractous conditions in humans.

[Studies of the changes in crystalline lens transparency in subjects at risk of developing cataract]. / Badania nad zmianami przezroczystosci soczewek u osób zagrozonych rozwojem zacmy.

The aim of the survey was a comparison of transparency of the lenses examined by means of in vivo spectrophotometry of the eye in metalurgists threatened by development of cataract--with the results obtained in persons not engaged in metalurgy and selected by chance from the population. The investigations showed that the transparency of the lenses was lower in the group of the metalurgists than in the control group in spite of the fact that the ophthalmological examination did not detect any lens changes. The results of this study show that the in vivo spectrophotometry may find some employment for detection of changes in the lens which may occur in persons threatened by development of cataract.

[Retinal detachment as a complication of lensectomy in post-traumatic cataract]. / Odwarstwienie siatkówki jako powiklanie po lensektomii w zacmie urazowej.

Presented were personal observations concerning 76 patients with traumatic cataract who underwent lensectomy. In 12 patients the retina detached in a various postoperative period. Causes and mechanisms of this complication were discussed.

[Spontaneous detachment of the preretinal membrane in preretinal macular fibrosis]. / Samoistne odlaczenie blony przedsiatkówkowej w fibrosis praeretinal ismacularis.

Preretinal macular fibrosis is one of the most frequently encountered conditions of the macula; it is based on the formation of a transparent or white-gray preretinal membrane. Usually these changes do not progress and persist without change for many years. In rare cases it may come to a spontaneous detachment of the preretinal membrane connected usually with an improvement of the visual acuity. Presented are 2 patients with preretinal macular fibrosis in whom--after a various duration of the disease--it came to a spontaneous detachment of the preretinal membrane.