Risk factors for stress among police officers: A systematic literature review.

BACKGROUND: Stress is common among police personnel leading to several negative consequences. OBJECTIVE: We performed a systematic literature review to identify risk factors for stress among police officers. METHODS: We searched PubMed and Scopus electronic databases through to July 2018 and we conducted this review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used for studies quality assessment. RESULTS: After selection, 29 cross-sectional studies met the inclusion criteria and included in the review. The average quality of studies was low since no study was rated as having low risk of bias, three studies (10.3%) as moderate risk and 26 studies (89.7%) were rated as having high risk of bias. Stress risk factors were summarized in the following categories: demographic characteristics; job characteristics; lifestyle factors; negative coping strategies and negative personality traits. CONCLUSIONS: Identification of stress risk factors is the first step to create and adopt the appropriate interventions to decrease stress among police personnel. The early identification of police officers at higher risk and the appropriate screening for mental health disorders is crucial to prevent disease and promote quality of life.

Persistent left superior vena cava leads to catheter malposition during PICC Port placement.

INTRODUCTION: We present a case of peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) port placement where the catheter had been malpositioned to the persistent left superior vena cava. METHODS: Despite the obvious elevation of the P-wave signaling proximity of the catheter tip to the sinus node, the catheter was not in the desired location within the superior vena cava or the right atrium, because of the presence of a persistent left superior vena cava. Computed tomography was used in order to locate the catheter. RESULTS: The catheter was located in the persistent left superior vena cava. CONCLUSIONS: Malpositioning of the catheter in the persistent left superior vena cava occurs in 0.3%-0.5% of patients. The catheter was subsequently removed.

First Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter Under Ultrasound Guidance in a Greek Intensive Care Unit: A New Role for Greek Perianesthesia Nurses.

We present a case of a 67-year-old Caucasian female who was admitted to the pulmonary clinic of a general hospital in Athens with fever and respiratory symptoms. A lung biopsy was ordered because a clinical diagnosis of interstitial lung disease was suspected. The patient was then hospitalized in the intensive care unit. Because of the fact that peripheral catheterization was impossible and the prospect of further long-term hospitalization, the patient was referred to a vascular access nursing team composed of perianesthesia nurses to advance a peripherally inserted central catheter and support the line during treatment. The peripherally inserted central catheter line was advanced with no complications, and the position of the catheter was checked using the electrocardiography method.

Validity of St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire for Greek patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the validity of St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), a disease-specific survey of health-related quality of life, in adult Greek patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Questionnaire scores, dyspnea scores, spirometry values, and demographic data were collected from 72 patients with a diagnosis of COPD exacerbation. Follow-up visits were performed at 1-mo. intervals for the first 3 mo. after discharge and a final visit was performed 6 mo. after discharge. 27 (37.5%) patients were readmitted during the follow-up period. Recovery after exacerbation was prolonged and questionnaire scores were sensitive to the patients' health-status changes across time. The SGRQ discriminated COPD patients according to disease stage, and the SGRQ scores during the recovery course were related to readmission. Correlations between the SGRQ and % FEV1 were not significant during exacerbation but a significant negative correlation was observed during the stable phase of the disease. The SGRQ appeared to have acceptable discriminant and concurrent validities in Greek COPD patients who differed according to their exacerbation stage.