RESUMO
Acute heart failure is associated with high mortality and frequent rehospitalization, resulting in enormous healthcare costs and declining physical function, activities of daily living, and quality of life. Cardiac rehabilitation has been recommended as one of the nonpharmacologic treatments for patients with heart failure. However, much of the evidence for cardiac rehabilitation interventions reported to date has been limited to chronic heart failure. In recent years, the effectiveness of rehabilitation intervention in patients with acute heart failure has been reported, led by the Rehabilitation Therapy in Older Acute Heart Failure Patients (REHAB-HF) trial. This review overviews the recent evidence of rehabilitation in patients with acute heart failure.
RESUMO
Development of an effective antiviral drug for COVID-19 is a global health priority. Although several candidate drugs have been identified through in vitro and in vivo models, consistent and compelling evidence for effective drugs from clinical studies is limited. The lack of evidence could be in part due to heterogeneity of virus dynamics among patients and late initiation of treatment. We first quantified the heterogeneity of viral dynamics which could be a confounder in compassionate use programs. Second, we demonstrated that an antiviral drug is unlikely to be effective if initiated after a short period following symptom onset. For accurate evaluation of the efficacy of an antiviral drug for COVID-19, antiviral treatment should be initiated before or soon after symptom onset in randomized clinical trials. One Sentence SummaryStudy design to evaluate antiviral effect.
