RESUMO
Aim: The main objective of the present study was to estimate the production of hydrogen peroxide present in saliva and correlate it to early childhood caries using high-performance liquid chromatography [HPLC] method. Design: The study was conducted on children aged 3-6 years with a sample size of 20 who had decayed, missing, or filled teeth in accordance to WHO pro forma and were divided into two groups: Study group: Caries active [CA][n = 10] and Control group caries free [CF] [n = 10]. The whole saliva was collected into the vials with a buffer solution and was stored in cold storage. HPLC was done to estimate, detect, and correlate the amount of production of H2O2 in CA and CF groups. To compare age and gender distribution among two groups, Independent student "t" test was used. To compare the mean production of H2O2 levels between two study groups with a significance of p > 0.05 was done using Mann-Whitney U test. Spearman's correlation was done between caries and H2O2. Results: Comparison of mean H2O2 levels [in ppm] between groups was statistically significant at p = 0.03, which showed as age increases H2O2 production also increases. Age-wise estimation of H2O2 obtained a statistically significant result [p = 0.04]. However, gender-wise comparison of mean H2O2 levels [in ppm] in both the groups showed no difference. Conclusion: Findings in our study strongly suggested that H2O2 levels are more in children without any caries experience. H2O2 production is the same among males and females but according to age, H2O2 production increases as the child grows with age. How to cite this article: Thimmegowda U, Belagatta V, Krishnamurthy NH, et al. Identification, Quantification and Correlation of Hydrogen Peroxide Present in Saliva to Early Childhood Caries: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(S-2):S140-S146.
RESUMO
Aim: "Today's adolescents are tomorrow's citizens." Tobacco use in children and adolescents is reaching pandemic levels as they are the most vulnerable population to initiate tobacco use. It is well established that most of the adult users of tobacco, start the use of tobacco either in their childhood or adolescence. Parents are the best route to reach a child and can help lead to bring better outcomes for children. Hence, the aim of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitude, and behavior regarding the hazards of tobacco use and Cigarette and Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA) among the parents visiting pediatric dental clinic. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire regarding knowledge, attitude, and behavior regarding the hazards of tobacco use and COTPA law. Samples size of 400 parents of adolescents aged between 10 and 16 years visiting to the department of Pediatrics and Preventive Dentistry were included in the study, data thus obtained was subjected to statistical analysis. Results: Smoking tobacco product known to the parent population in the present study is cigarette (88.8%) and smokeless tobacco product is pan masala (65.2%). The tobacco health hazard known is cancer by 70.5 and 85.3% parent populations were aware of mandatory display of pictorial health warnings in COTPA law. Strict implementation of COTPA law was opted by 61.8%. Conclusion: Knowledge, attitude, and behavior of parents is required to educate and motivate adolescents. Parents have given their positive attitude regarding the strict implementation of COTPA law in India and realize the role of tobacco as a causative factor for health hazards both in children and adults. COTPA law should be made aware for both young and old to educate and motivate and to prevent the use of tobacco in India. How to cite this article: Kattimani S, Thimmegowda U, Nagarathna C. Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior Regarding the Hazards of Tobacco Use and Cigarette and Other Tobacco Products Act among Parents Visiting Pediatric Dental Clinic: A Cross-sectional Questionnaire Survey. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(1):47-53.
RESUMO
Background: The main hope of a nation lies in the proper education of its adolescents because the youths of today are the leaders of tomorrow. About 15% of children of ages 13-15 years are ingesting tobacco in certain forms and are getting addicted to tobacco. Hence, tobacco has become a burden in our society. Similarly, environmental tobacco smoking (ETS) is more dangerous than smoking and is common among young adolescents. Aim: This study is aimed to explore the knowledge about the hazards of ETS and the factors which are responsible for adolescents to initiate tobacco smoking among parents visiting the pediatric dental clinic. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional survey on the knowledge about the harmful effects of ETS and factors influencing the initiation of tobacco use among adolescents was assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. A sample size of 400 parents of adolescents aged between 10 and 16 years visiting the pediatric clinics was included in the study; data thus obtained was subjected to statistical analysis. Results: The effect of ETS in increasing the risk of cancer was known to be 64.4%. But the effect on premature babies was least known by 37% of the parent population, which is statistically significant. About 14% of parents perceive that children initiate smoking to experiment or relax, which is statistically significant. Conclusion: Parents have very little knowledge regarding the effects of ETS on children. They can be counseled regarding types of smoking and smokeless tobacco products, health hazards, the deleterious health effects of ETS, and passive smoking, particularly in children with respiratory diseases. How to cite this article: Thimmegowda U, Kattimani S, Krishnamurthy NH. Knowledge about the Harmful Effects of Environmental Tobacco Smoke, Perceptions toward Initiation of Smoking and Factors Influencing Smoking in Adolescents: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(6):667-671.
