Dengue in western Terai region of Nepal.

BACKGROUND: Dengue Fever (DF) is an emerging mosquito-borne disease. It is a nagging public health problem in the low lands of Terai, expanding to new areas of Nepal in recent years. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine anti-Dengue IgM positive rate in Mahendranagar, Dhangadi and Dang between August 2008 and November 2009. Serum samples were collected from 283 patients visiting hospitals with history of fever, headache and suspected DF. The samples were examined by ELISA. RESULTS: The anti-Dengue IgM positivity was found to be 9.8 %. The positive rate was highest in Mahendranagar (13.3 %) followed by Dhangadi (9.8 %) (P<0.05). The Dengue positive cases were higher in female (10.9 %) than males (9.0 %). The positivity was higher in Ethnic group Brahman/Chherti (13.1%) as compared to Janajati (5.6 %). The highest positive cases (10.7 %) were from age group above 50 years. The highest numbers of Dengue positive cases were observed in occupation group of agriculture (18.2 %) (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Dengue has substantial expansion in Western and Far Western Terai region of Nepal which was limited to the middle Terai region in the past and mostly infects older people.

Study of enteric fever and antibiogram of Salmonella isolates at a teaching hospital in Kathmandu Valley.

Enteric fever is one of the common public health problems in Nepal. This study was carried out at Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital located at peri-urban area in Kathmandu Valley to find out the prevalence of enteric fever and the sensitivity pattern of the Salmonella isolates. A total of 479 patients with fever were included in the study. Venous blood samples collected aseptically were subjected to culture and were studied following the standard bacteriological procedure. The overall prevalence of enteric fever was 5.4% (26/479). Of them more than half (65.4%) were caused by S. paratryphi A whereas remaining (34.6%) by S. typhi. The positive rate was higher in children aged 1-15 years (8.9%) followed by 15-30 years of age (4.3%) and others (1.9%). Gender wise, females to male ratio was 1.4:1. The occurrence of infections was higher in Dalit (7.1%), Khas (Brahmin and Chhetri) (5.9%) and Madeshi (5.9%) whereas lowest was in Adibasi Janajati (4.8%). Prevalence rate of enteric fever among different sex, age and ethnic group was not significant (p > 0.05). Isolates were highly sensitive to Amikacin (100.0%) and Ciprofloxacin (96.1%) whereas least sensitive to Gentamycin (68.7%).