[Risk factors for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women from southeast Brazilian]. / Fatores de risco para osteoporose em mulheres na pós-menopausa do sudeste brasileiro.

PURPOSE: To evaluate bone mineral density (BMD) and their risk factors associated with postmenopausal osteoporosis. METHODS: A cross-sectional clinical study was performed on 431 women (aged 40-75 years). INCLUSION CRITERIA: amenorrhea > 12 months and age > 45 years or, bilateral oophorectomy > 40 years with BMD values (T-score of lumbar spine/femur neck) by DXA of the last 12 months. Risk factors evaluated: age, age and time of menopause, smoking, physical activity (30 min/5 times/week), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), use of corticotherapy and hormone therapy (HT), previous fracture, maternal hip fracture and body mass index (BMI = weight/height²). The χ2 test and the logistic regression method (Odds Ratio--OR) were used to determine osteoporosis risk. RESULTS: According to WHO criteria, 106 (24.6%) women showed osteoporosis (T-score < -2.5 DP), 188 (43.6%) osteopenia (-1.0/-2.4 DP), and 137 (31.8%) were normal (> -1.0 DP). Osteoporosis was detected in 12% of women aged 40-49 years, in 21.8% of women aged 50-59 years and in 45.7% of women aged > 60 years (p < 0.001). Osteoporosis occurred in 11.8% of women with a menopause period < 5 years, in 29.4% with a menopause period from 6 to 10 years, and in 41% of women with a menopause period > 10 years (p < 0.001). Of the women with early menopause, 80% showed osteopenia/osteoporosis (p = 0.03), and of those with BMI < 20 kg/m², 50% were osteoporotic (p < 0.001). The risk for osteoporosis detection increased with age (OR = 1.1; CI 95% = 1.0-1.1), time of menopause (OR = 1.1; CI 95% = 1.0-1.1), smoking (OR = 1.9; CI 95% = 1.2-3.2), RA (OR = 3.6; CI 95% = 1.3-9.6) and maternal fracture history (OR = 2.1; CI 95% = 1.1-3.0) (p < 0.05). In contrast, HT use (OR = 0.3; 95% CI = 0.2-0.6) and high BMI (OR = 0.9; 95% CI = 0.8-0.9) reduced the risk (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: In postmenopausal women, age, time of menopause, smoking and maternal history of fracture were clinical indicators of risk for osteoporosis, whereas HT use and high BMI proved to be protective factors.

Fatores de risco para osteoporose em mulheres na pós-menopausa do sudeste brasileiro / Risk factors for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women from southeast Brazilian

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a densidade mineral óssea (DMO) e os fatores de risco associados à osteoporose na pós-menopausa. MÉTODOS: Estudo clínico transversal com 431 mulheres (idade 40 - 75 anos). Foram incluídas mulheres com: amenorréia >12 meses e idade >45 anos ou, ooforectomia bilateral >40 anos, com DMO (escore T de coluna lombar/colo de fêmur) pelo DEXA dos últimos 12 meses. Fatores de risco avaliados: idade, idade e tempo de menopausa, tabagismo, atividade física (30 min/5 vezes/ semana), artrite reumatoide (AR), uso de corticoterapia e de terapia hormonal (TH), fratura prévia, fratura materna de quadril e índice de massa corpórea (IMC=peso/altura²). Foram empregodos teste do χ² e método de regressão logística no risco (Odds Ratio - OR) para osteoporose. RESULTADOS: Pelos critérios da Organização Mundial da Saúde, 106 (24,6 por cento) mulheres apresentavam osteoporose (escore T <-2,5DP), 188 (43,6 por cento) osteopenia (-1,0/-2,4DP) e 137 (31,8 por cento) eram normais (>-1,0DP). Foi detectada osteoporose em 12 por cento das mulheres com idade entre 40 e 49anos, em 21,8 por cento no grupo de 50 a 59 anos e 45,7 por cento nas mulheres com idade >60anos (p<0,001). Osteoporose ocorreu em 11,8 por cento com tempo de menopausa <5 anos, 29,4 por cento de 6 - 10 anos, e 41 por cento >10anos (p<0,001). Naquelas com idade da menopausa <40 anos, 80 por cento apresentaram osteopenia/osteoporose (p=0,03) e com IMC<20kg/m², 50 por cento osteoporóticas (p<0,001). O risco de detectar osteoporose aumentou com a idade (OR=1,1; IC95 por cento=1,0-1,1), tempo de menopausa (OR=1,0; IC95 por cento=1,0-1,1), tabagismo atual (OR=2,1; IC95 por cento=1,2-3,8), AR (OR=3,6; IC95 por cento=1,3-9,6) e história materna de fratura de quadril (OR=2,1; IC95 por cento=1,1-3,0) (p<0,05). Contrariamente, o uso de TH (OR=0,49; IC95 por cento=0,3-0,9) e elevado IMC (OR=0,9; IC95 por cento=0,8-0,9) reduziram o risco de detecção da osteoporose (p<0,05)...

PURPOSE: To evaluate bone mineral density (BMD) and their risk factors associated with postmenopausal osteoporosis. METHODS: A cross-sectional clinical study was performed on 431 women (aged 40 - 75 years). Inclusion criteria: amenorrhea >12 months and age >45 years or, bilateral oophorectomy >40 years with BMD values (T-score of lumbar spine/femur neck) by DXA of the last 12 months. Risk factors evaluated: age, age and time of menopause, smoking, physical activity (30 min/5 times/week), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), use of corticotherapy and hormone therapy (HT), previous fracture, maternal hip fracture and body mass index (BMI=weight/height²). The χ2 test and the logistic regression method (Odds Ratio - OR) were used to determine osteoporosis risk. RESULTS: According to WHO criteria, 106 (24.6 percent) women showed osteoporosis (T-score <-2.5 DP), 188 (43.6 percent) osteopenia (-1.0/-2.4 DP), and 137 (31.8 percent) were normal (>-1.0 DP). Osteoporosis was detected in 12 percent of women aged 40 - 49 years, in 21.8 percent of women aged 50 - 59 years and in 45.7 percent of women aged >60 years (p<0.001). Osteoporosis occurred in 11.8 percent of women with a menopause period <5 years, in 29.4 percent with a menopause period from 6 to 10 years, and in 41 percent of women with a menopause period >10 years (p<0.001). Of the women with early menopause, 80 percent showed osteopenia/osteoporosis (p=0.03), and of those with BMI <20 kg/m², 50 percent were osteoporotic (p<0.001). The risk for osteoporosis detection increased with age (OR=1.1; CI95 percent=1.0-1.1), time of menopause (OR=1.1; CI95 percent=1.0-1.1), smoking (OR=1.9; CI95 percent=1.2-3.2), RA (OR=3.6; CI95 percent=1.3-9.6) and maternal fracture history (OR=2.1; CI95 percent=1.1-3.0) (p<0.05). In contrast, HT use (OR=0.3; 95 percentCI=0.2-0.6) and high BMI (OR=0.9; 95 percentCI=0.8-0.9) reduced the risk (p<0.05)...