RESUMO
Carnosic acid (CA) is recognized as a unique neuroprotective compound in the herb rosemary, since it induces expression of antioxidant enzymes including heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), γ-glutamylcysteine synthase (γ-GCS), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) via activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which is a nuclear transcription factor. In this study, we examined the cytoprotective effects of CA against starvation. We found that CA protected starvation-induced SH-SY5Y cell death by activating Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2). Interestingly, CA induced moderate autophagy and dephosphorylation of a transcriptional factor, the forkhead box protein O3a (FoxO3a). These effects of CA play an important role in cytoprotection.
Assuntos
Abietanos/farmacologia , Neurônios/efeitos dos fármacos , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Autofagia/efeitos dos fármacos , Morte Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Citoproteção/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteína Forkhead Box O3/metabolismo , Humanos , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases/efeitos dos fármacos , Neurônios/metabolismo , Neurônios/patologia , Fosforilação/efeitos dos fármacos , Plantas Medicinais/química , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Rosmarinus/química , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by an excess of extracolonic malignancies including those of the urinary tract. We report two cases of bladder tumor associated with HNPCC. The reported cases were compatible for Amsterdam criteria II for HNPCC. It is important to obtain a family history of cancer in patients with urothelial carcinoma. A patient with a strongly positive cancer history must be carefully examined for HNPCC and HNPCC associated cancers.
