Effect of deep frying process on the quality of the refined oleic/linoleic sunflower seed oil and olive oil.

The main goal of this study was to compare the changes that happen during the frying process with the refined oleic sunflower oil (ROSO), refined olive oil (ROO) and refined linoleic sunflower oil (RLSO) in 5-day testing period as well to evaluate the efficacy of fatty acid composition on frying stability. Each day, oil samples were withdrawn after 7 h of frying and were further subjected to analyzes for determination of different chemical properties. As a result, in the current studies were observed significant changes in all oil types in terms of chemical properties. ROSO, which contained lower linoleic acid content, had higher thermal stability than both RLSO and ROO. This result indicated that the frying efficiency of ROSO depended mainly on the linoleic acid content and the iodine value.

Progress in modification of sunflower oil to expand its industrial value.

Increasing the sunflower seed oil content as well as improving its quality makes it compatible for industrial demands. This is an important breeding objective of sunflower which increases its market value and ensures high returns for the producers. The present review focuses on determining the progress of improving sunflower seed oil content and modifying its quality by empirical and advanced molecular breeding methods. It is known that the sunflower oil content and quality have been altered through empirical selection methods and mutation breeding programmes in various parts of the world. Further improvement in seed oil content and its components (such as phytosterols, tocopherols and modified fatty acid profile) has been slowed down due to low genetic variation in elite germplasm and complex of hereditary traits. Introgression from wild species can be carried out to modify the fatty acids profile and tocopherol contents with linkage drags. Different transgenes introduced through biotechnological methods may produce novel long-chain fatty acids within sunflower oil. Bio-engineering of sunflower oil could allow it to be used in diverse industrial products such as bio-diesel or bio-plastics. These results showed that past and current trends of modifying sunflower oil quality are essential for its further expansion as an oilseed crop. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.

Higher Ki67 expression is associates with unfavorable prognostic factors and shorter survival in breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: The prognostic value of the Ki67 expression level is yet unclear in breast cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between Ki67 expression levels and prognostic factors such as grade, Her2 and hormone receptor expression status in breast cancers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical and pathological features of the patients with breast cancer were retreived from the hospital records. RESULTS: In this study, 163 patients with breast cancer were analyzed, with a mean age of 53.4±12.2 years. Median Ki67 positivity was 20% and Ki67-high tumors were significantly associated with high grade (p<0.001), lymphovascular invasion (p=0.001), estrogen receptor (ER) negativity (p=0.035), Her2 positivity (p=0.001), advanced stage (p<0.001) and lymph node positivity (p<0.003) . Lower Ki67 levels were significantly associated with longer median relapse-free and overall survival compared to those of higher Ki67 levels. CONCLUSIONS: High Ki67 expression is associated with ER negativity, Her2 positivity, higher grade and axillary lymph node involvement in breast cancers. The level of Ki67 expression is a prognostic factor predicting relapse-free and overall survival in breast cancer patients.

Hypnotically assisted diaphragmatic exercises in the treatment of stuttering: a preliminary investigation.

This preliminary study investigates the combined effect of intensive hypnotherapy and diaphragmatic exercises in the management of stuttering. Fifty-nine clients with stuttering were trained to practice abdominal weightlifting to strengthen their respiratory muscles and to improve their diaphragmatic movements. The weightlifting exercises involved lifting a dumbbell (2.0-4.0 kg) with the abdomen for 2 hours daily for 8 consecutive days. Hypnotherapy was utilized to alleviate anxiety, to boost self-confidence, and to increase motivation for weightlifting exercise. The pre- and postmeasures were statistically significant (p < .001). Results of the study provide support for the effectiveness of hypnotically assisted diaphragmatic training in the management of stuttering but should be further studied in controlled trials.

Seasonal comparison of wild and farmed brown trout (Salmo trutta forma fario L., 1758): crude lipid, gonadosomatic index and fatty acids.

Brown trout is one of the most preferred wild freshwater fish species in the east Black Sea region (Turkey) due to its nutritional value and palatable aroma as well as being popular for sport fishing. In this research, seasonal variations in the crude lipid, gonadosomatic index and fatty acid composition of wild and farmed brown trout were investigated. The spawning period of wild and farmed brown trout appears to be from August to October and from October to January, respectively. The mean crude lipid content in farmed brown trout (3.62%) was significantly higher (P≤0.05) than that of wild brown trout (2.80%). Significant seasonal differences (P≤0.05) in crude lipid content were observed in both fish. The percentage of total saturated fatty acids was similar (P≥0.05) in both fish. Total polyunsaturated fatty acids were higher (P≤0.05) in the wild brown trout compared with the farmed brown trout, while its total monounsaturated fatty acids content was lower (P≤0.05). The muscle lipids of wild fish contained significantly (P≤0.05) higher percentages of C16:1n-7, C17:1n-7, C18:3n-3, C20:2n-6, C20:4n-6, C20:5n-3 and C22:2n-6 fatty acids and contained lower percentages of C14:0, C18:1n-9, C18:2n-6, C20:1n-9, C24:1n-9 and C22:6n-3 fatty acids than farmed fish. The total amounts of n-3 fatty acids in wild fish were higher than in farmed fish, but total amounts of n-6 fatty acids in farmed fish were higher than in wild fish. The n3/n6 proportion in wild fish was higher than that of farmed fish.

The effects of boron administration on plasma leptin and lactate levels in ovariectomized rats which had acute swimming exercise.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of intraperitoneal (IP) boron administration on leptin and lactate levels in swimming exercise in ovariectomized rats. METHODS: Eighty adult female rats were equally allocated into 8 groups. Group 1; Control, Group 2; exercise control, Group 3; ovariectomized control, Group 4; Boron control (2 mg/kg/day), Group 5; ovariectomized plus exercise, Group 6; exercise plus IP boron, Group 7; ovariectomized and exercise group plus IP boron, Group 8; ovariectomized plus boron. RESULTS: Leptin levels in Group 1 were higher than those in Groups 2, 3 and 4 and lower than those in groups 5, 6, 7 and 8 (p<0.01). Leptin levels were higher in Group 3 than in Groups 2 and 4 and significantly lower than in all other groups (p<0.01). Lactate levels in Groups 2 and 4 were higher than those in all other groups (p<0.01). Lactate levels were significantly lower in Groups 1, 3, 5 and 8 than in all other groups (p<0.01). Lactate levels in Groups 6 and 7 were significantly lower than those in Groups 2 and 4 (p<0.01) and higher than those in groups 1, 3 and 5 (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: The present findings demonstrate that ovariectomy and acute swimming exercise in rats led to a significant decrease in leptin levels and a significant increase in lactate levels and that boron administration prevented the increased in circulating lactate concentration induced by swimming exercise.

Fatty acid and amino acid composition of raw and hot smoked sturgeon (Huso huso, L. 1758).

Changes in fatty acid and amino acid composition in hot smoked sturgeon (Huso huso, L. 1758) were studied. The sturgeon was smoked for 20 min at 30 degrees C, followed by 90 min at 50 degrees C and 40 min at 80 degrees C. The palmitic acid (C16:0) and stearic acid (C18:0) increased (P<0.05) from 17.70% to 27.52% and from 7.49% to 13.63% after smoking, respectively. The oleic acid content in smoked sturgeon decreased from 28.29% to 25.93%, but no change (P>0.05) was observed in the total monounsaturated fatty acid composition of fish after smoking. Total polyunsaturated fatty acid, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid contents decreased from 21.03% to 4.93%, from 4.65% to 0.49% and from 12.41% to 0.51% in sturgeon after smoking, respectively. The total n-3 and n-6 contents and the n-3/n-6 ratio of raw and smoked sturgeon were 17.48-1.35, 3.54-3.58 and 4.94-0.38, respectively. The atherogenic index and index of thrombogenicity values of raw and smoked sturgeon were determined as 1.01-0.31 and 1.93-1.24, respectively. The smoking process caused an increase (P<0.05) in aspartic acid >isoleucine >methionine >hidoksil-1-proline >valine, and a decrease (P<0.05) in glutamic acid >serine >threonine >leucine >tyrosine >histidine >lysine >proline. However, the changes in alanine, glycine and phenylalanine were insignificant (P>0.05).

[Skin defect coverage with micro skin graft]. / Mikro deri grefti ile defekt onarimi.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to coverage of the large skin defect with microskin graft. METHODS: The wound coverage of the large skin defect may be difficult with auto skin graft. In these patients, split thickness skin graft may be used in a bloc shape or expanded skin graft shape and a stamp skin graft shape or expanded stamp skin graft shape. On the other hand, split thickness skin graft may be used as a micrograft shape after the mincing process, which reduces of the graft size in a few millimeters. In this study, 6 patients with skin defect was admitted in our clinic, and their skin defect was treated with micro skin graft. Expansion ratio was 1:15. RESULTS: Epithelialization on the wound surface was completed in 4 to 6 weeks and cobblestone appearance was observed after the wound coverage. CONCLUSION: Skin defect coverage with micrograft is an effective technique like the other skin graft coverage methods.