RESUMO
The cultural life scripts are shared semantic knowledge of the expected life course in a given culture characterised by a bump for positive events in the second and third life decades, but none for negative events [Berntsen, D., & Rubin, D. C. (2004). Cultural life scripts structure recall from autobiographical memory. Memory & Cognition, 32, 427-442. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03195836]. We investigated the stability of Nigerian young adults' life scripts and life stories across religion and gender. One-hundred-and-seventy-four participants completed the life script and life story tasks, and the revised religious orientation scale. We found that the life scripts and life stories consisted of mainly positive events with a reminiscence bump located in the 10s and 20s; however, we also found a small bump for negative events. There was a high mention rate of religion-specific events in both the life scripts and life stories of participants across religion and gender. The level of religiosity had effects on the importance ratings of the life scripts and life stories. In sum, despite minor variations, the life scripts and life stories were consistent across religion and gender.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Abstract and concrete modes of rumination may be associated with different mental health outcomes; whereby concrete rumination strategies increase the individual's tendency to seek solutions to problems and thus leading to significant improvements in the mood state as well as reductions in the intensity of ruminative thoughts. However, related studies also are suggestive of other variables that are potentially effective in the outcome of abstract and concrete processing. The current study aimed to examine how abstract and concrete processing are associated with state rumination and explore the role of cognitive flexibility in this relationship. METHOD: A total of 111 (78 female) participants were assessed for state rumination prior and post induction of abstract versus concrete processing. RESULTS: Although all participants reported higher levels of state rumination following both processing inductions, participants that were instructed to engage in abstract processing reported higher levels of state rumination as opposed to concrete processing group. Moreover, participants with lower levels of cognitive flexibility reported significant increases in state rumination following the manipulation, independent of type of processing induction. LIMITATIONS: The impact of the manipulation was assessed only via the BSRI and lacks physiological assessment of arousal levels of participants. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical implications that involve concrete processing and CF ability trainings may be beneficial for the management of state rumination.
Assuntos
Nível de Alerta , Cognição , Afeto , Feminino , HumanosRESUMO
The main purpose of the present study was to investigate cultural life scripts across three age groups. Adolescents, young adults, and older adults were asked to list the seven most important events that a typical newborn would experience in a lifetime. They also provided estimates of emotional valence and age for the life script events they listed. Results showed that there was substantial overlap in the script events listed by three groups. The adolescent and young adult scripts were more similar to each other than they were to the older adult script. Older adult scripts also differed from that of the other two groups in that they (a) were more typical, and (b) showed a stronger bump for positive events corresponding to young adulthood. The bump for positive script events emerged for events not experienced by the participants as well.
