Construction of Yanegawara-style skills training in our clinical skills laboratory for new residents / 医学教育

1）To learn the techniques required immediately after the start of clinical practice, new residents were introduced to the skills laboratory during their orientation period.<br>2）We attempted to establish the Yanegawara style, which is an overlapping teaching style in which the second–year residents plan the entire training schedule and simultaneously teach the first–year residents while being supported in their teaching by more senior physicians.<br>3）Training with the new system resulted in greater rapport among all residents as well as a greater feeling of security among first–year residents.

Postgraduate clinical training program at Fujita Health University Hospital / 医学教育

  Since 2003, Clinical training center of Fujita Health University hospital has been cooperated with the Office for medical education of Fujita Health University, school of medicine, in reorganizing the previous training system based mainly on individual departments. After 9 years since then, we established Yanegawara style training system and the trainee–centered curriculums. Outcomes from new system are as follows:<br>1. Self–establishment by problem based learning became common understandings between trainers and trainees.<br>2. Teaching by trainers to trainees and between trainees （R2 to R1） became common in the hospital.<br>3. Trainees can learn the standardized approach in diagnosis and treatment of the patients in ER.<br>4. Unified understanding of the training system was established in the hospital.Although new system brought several good aspects, we found a large heterogeneity in fulfillment of our curriculums not only by the capability of individual residents but also by the effort induced by each department.

A novel method to control the balance of skin microflora Part 2. A study to assess the effect of a cream containing farnesol and xylitol on atopic dry skin.

BACKGROUND: It is recognized that colonization by Staphylococcus aureus (SA) on the skin is one of the factors that can worsen atopic dermatitis (AD). Antibiotics and germicides are not the best choice to remove bacteria from the skin of AD patients, because of problems of irritation to the skin and bacterial resistance. We therefore turned our attention to the biofilm of SA with the aim of removing only SA from the skin surface of AD patients. We found that xylitol (X) and farnesol (F) synergistically inhibited biofilm formation by SA and dissolved biofilm formed in vivo (Part 1). OBJECTIVE: To test whether application of AD for 1 week with FX cream can reduce SA without affecting Staphylococcus epidermidis. METHODS: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled right-and-left comparison study was performed. The arms of 17 patients with dry-type AD were applied with skin-care cream including/or not including a 0.02% F and 5% X combination for 1 week. The clinical response, biophysical assessment of the skin surface and counts of skin microflora were recorded before and after 1 week of therapy. RESULTS: The ratio of SA in total bacteria at sites to which FX cream had been applied was significantly decreased after 1 week (P = 0.007), compared with before application and with placebo sites (P = 0.045). The mean skin conductance (a parameter indicating the state of hydration of the skin surface) of FX cream sites was increased significantly compared with the conductance before application (P = 0.0001) and at placebo sites (P = 0.002). CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence supporting the idea that cream containing F and X is a useful skin-care agent for atopic dry skin colonized by SA.