Glutathione S-transferase theta 1 (GSTT1) deletion polymorphism and susceptibility to head and neck carcinoma: a systematic review with five analyses.

Glutathione S-transferase theta 1 (GSTT1) enzyme plays a key role in the neutralization of electrophilic compounds such as carcinogens. Herein, we aimed to evaluate GSTT1 deletion polymorphism and susceptibility to head and neck carcinoma (HNC) according to 107 articles in a systematic review with five analyses. The databases of PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library from the beginning of each database until June 21, 2023, with no restrictions to identify pertinent articles. The RevMan 5.3 software was used to calculate the effect sizes, which were displayed as the odds ratio (OR) along with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Both the publication bias and sensitivity analyses were performed using the CMA 3.0 software. A trial sequential analysis (TSA) was conducted. Of the 1966 records retrieved from four databases, 107 articles were included in the analysis. The combined analysis revealed that the pooled OR was 1.28 (95% CI: 1.14 to 1.44; p-value < 0.0001). The pooled OR was highest in mixed ethnicity. Nasopharyngeal cancer had the highest OR (1.84), followed by oral cancer (OR = 1.20), and laryngeal cancer (OR = 1.17). Studies with less than 200 samples had a higher OR compared to those with 200 or more samples. The studies with a quality score of 7 or more had a higher OR compared to those with a score of less than 7. When both age and sex are considered, while the OR of 1.42 is significant, the high heterogeneity suggests caution in interpreting these results. There is no evidence of publication bias. TSA reported that the study does not have sufficient statistical power. This comprehensive meta-analysis revealed a significant association between the GSTT1 null genotype and an increased risk of HNC, with variations based on factors such as ethnicity, cancer type, sample size, control source, and quality score.

The Effect of Renal Transplant on Hypogonadism and Erectile Dysfunction due to End-stage Renal Disease.

Hypogonadism is common in patients with chronic kidney disease especially for end-stage renal disease (ESRD), which is referred to as uremic hypogonadism. Men with ESRD are prone to reproductive and sexual disorders such as sexual desire loss, abnormalities in orgasm, sexual dysfunction, and erectile dysfunction (ED). The mechanism of this complex disorder is not well known. Considering the above, we decided to study the effect of renal transplantation on hypogonadism and sexual activity in patients with ESRD. This study was performed on 45 patients with ESRD undergoing renal transplantation. Patients were included into two groups of live donor (24) and cadaveric (21), according to the type of kidney donors. The International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF5) questionnaire was filled out for evaluation of erectile and sexual status. Laboratory parameters were assessed before the renal transplant in a single and valid laboratory including blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, thyroid function tests, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, testosterone, and prolactin. We refilled the ED questionnaire and checked the laboratory tests again three and six months after transplantation. The mean age of the patients was 51.7 ± 8.0. The mean blood testosterone level in the live group was 347.1 ± 64.9 before transplantation, which reached 413.1 ± 25.9 in six months after transplantation. The same variable for the cadaveric group was 306 ± 56.2 and 355.3 ± 56.9, respectively. The IIEF5 scores before and six months after transplantation were 17.2 ± 4.5 and 24.6 ± 3.3 respectively for the live group and 10.8 ± 2.4 and 13.9% ± 4.1% for the cadaveric one, all of which were statistically significant. Renal transplantation significantly improves the condition of hypogonadism and ED in patients with ESRD. This improvement is not related to the type of donation.