Work-up of hematuria.

Hematuria is a common clinical manifestation of diseases affecting the urinary system. Sometimes it may not represent any underlying disease and is of no clinical significance, especially when it is transient in young adult patients. However, it may represent underlying intrinsic kidney disease or malignancy in patients, even if transient. Therefore, detection of hematuria in the appropriate clinical setting and further investigation based on the individual clinical scenario helps establish correct diagnosis and guide further management. This article discusses the etiologies and workup of hematuria.