Quantitative evaluation of carbon emissions with mining technology development: a case study of an iron mine in China.

To quantitatively evaluate the carbon emission effects of various underground mining schemes in metal mines, a carbon emission calculation model specifically for underground metal mines was established. The carbon emissions stemming from the mine's production process were categorized into three components: carbon emissions from the production of consumed materials, fuel, and electricity; carbon emissions resulting from fuel combustion and explosive explosions, and the reduction of CO2 absorption due to the occupation of the surface industrial site. Subsequently, the carbon emission impact of underground metal mines was assessed using an example from an iron mine in Anhui Province, China. The results showed: (1) Among the underground mining processes, electricity consumption emerged as the primary source of carbon emissions. This underscores the potential for significant carbon emission reduction through the implementation of innovative electric power technologies in underground metal mines. (2) Mining methods with higher productivity showed clear advantages. They not only contribute to the reduction of carbon emissions per kiloton of ore from multiple perspectives but also led to a shorter mine lifespan and decreased CO2 absorption by woodlands occupied by the surface industrial site. Furthermore, these methods resulted in lower carbon emissions throughout the mine's lifespan. (3) Backfill mining proved to be effective in curbing tailings emissions and reducing the required area for a tailings pond. Consequently, this approach minimizes the CO2 absorption by woodlands occupied by the tailings pond.

The application of alkaline phosphatase labeled HBV probe in serum detection.

A method using non-radioactive material alkaline phosphatase to label HBV DNA as probe has been studied and used in clinical experiments to detect the HBV DNA in hepatitis serum. Alkaline phosphatase coupled with polyethyleneimine (PEI) using P-benzoquine as cross-linking reagent. The modified phosphatase was covalently linked to single strand DNA using glutraldehyde. Such single strand DNA enzyme complexes have been tested for blot hybridization, after hybridization and incubation with a substrate solution, sequences complementary to the probe can be visualized directly in 1 h. The minimum amount about 10 pg of target DNA has been detected in this way, 32P labeled probes are autoradiography 1 h after hybridization can only detect 10 ng, so the enzyme labeled probe is more sensitive than isotope labeled probe in 1 h fast test. Comparing the enzyme-labeled HBV DNA probe with 32P labeled the same one, positive proportion of detecting the HBV DNA in hepatitis patients was about 95.7%. Because the positive patient's serum detected by 32P labeled probe were selected through 1- week radiation, Alkaline Phosphatase labeled probes are color developed for only 1 h. Our experiment certified that it is a sensitive, specific, easy, rapid, safe and economical probe labeling and clinical virus DNA detection method.