USP14 promotes colorectal cancer progression by targeting JNK for stabilization.

MAPK/JNK signaling is pivotal in carcinogenesis. However, ubiquitin-mediated homeostasis of JNK remains to be verified. Here, with results from RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and luciferase reporter pathway identification, we show that USP14 orchestrates MAPK/JNK signaling and identify USP14 as a deubiquitinase that interacts and stabilizes JNK. USP14 is elevated in colorectal cancer patients and is positively associated with JNK protein and downstream gene expression. USP14 ablation reduces cancer cell proliferation in vitro and colorectal tumorigenesis in vivo by downregulating MAPK/JNK pathway activation. Moreover, USP14 expression is induced by TNF-α, forming a feedback loop with JNK and leading to tumor amplification. Our study suggests that elevated expression of USP14 promotes MAPK/JNK signaling by stabilizing JNK, which in turn augments colorectal carcinogenesis, indicating a potential therapeutic target for colorectal cancer patients with increased USP14 expression.

In Situ Hypoiodite-Catalyzed Oxidative Rearrangement of Chalcones: Scope and Mechanistic Investigation.

It is highly desirable to avoid using rare or toxic metals for oxidative reactions in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals. Hypervalent iodine compounds are environmentally benign alternatives, but their catalytic use has been quite limited. Herein, the protocol for in situ hypoiodite-catalyzed oxidative rearrangement of chalcones is first realized under mild and metal-free conditions, which provided a nontoxic, environmental-benign, and catalytic alternative to the thallium-based protocol. Also, the applicability and effectiveness of this catalytic protocol got well demonstrated via gram-scale synthesis and product derivatization. What is more, control and NMR tracking experiments were performed to figure out the possible catalytic species and intermediates.

Research status of psychosocial effects and interventions in cancer anorexia/cachexia syndrome patients / 中国实用护理杂志

Cancer anorexia/cachexia syndrome (cancer anorexia cachexia syndrome, CACS) is a common complication in advanced cancer patients, which is characterized by reduced feeding, sustained weight loss, general fatigue and weakness. CACS related symptoms make patients suffer from a series of adverse psychosocial effects, such as anxiety, pain and social isolation, thus bringing serious adverse effects on patients′ individuals, families and society. This paper reviewed the symptoms associated with CACS and their psychosocial effects, as well as the interventions related to adverse psychosocial effects, in order to provide theoretical reference for alleviating psychosocial distress and improving health-related quality of life of patients with CACS.

ALG3 contributes to the malignancy of non-small cell lung cancer and is negatively regulated by MiR-98-5p.

OBJECTIVE: Alpha-1,3-mannosyltransferase (ALG3) is an oncoprotein associated with multiple malignancies. We aimed to investigate the role and potential mechanisms of ALG3 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: We detected the expressions of ALG3 in NSCLC tissues and adjacent tissues by RT-PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Chi-square test was used to analyze the correlation between ALG3 expression and pathological paremeters. Then we used shRNA to construct a low expression model of ALG3 in NCI-H292 and NCI-H460. CCK-8 assay and transwell assay were then performed to monitor the proliferation, migration and invasion of NSCLC cells. Western blot was to detect the expression of EMT-related indicators. Further, the interaction of miR-98-5p with ALG3 was verified by luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS: The expression of ALG3 in NSCLC tissues was higher than that in normal tissues, and the increase in ALG3 expression was significantly associated with higher T stage, lymph node metastasis, and poor tissue differentiation. Patients with high ALG3 expression had a worse prognosis. ALG3 knockdown inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of NSCLC cells. In addition, the knockdown of ALG3 resulted in increased expression of EMT-related protein E-cadherin, while N-cadherin and Vimentin expression was decreased. Dual luciferase assay confirmed that miR-98-5p can specifically bind to the 3'UTR of ALG3 and reduces its expression and activity. CONCLUSION: ALG3 can promote the progression of NSCLC and is negatively regulated by miR-98-5p.

Gastrodin Attenuates Neuronal Apoptosis and Neurological Deficits after Experimental Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

OBJECTIVE: Gastrodin, a glucoside of gastrodigenin, inhibits cerebral oxidant stress and apoptosis in multiple central nervous system injury, but its effect in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remains unclear. This study investigated the effect of gastrodin on neuronal apoptosis and neurological deficits in rat ICH model. METHODS: In vitro experiments were performed using hematoma lysate-induced cell damage model in primary cortical neurons. Rat ICH model was produced by a caudatum injection of collagenase. Gastrodin was intraperitoneal injected after 2 hours following ICH. Cell viability, brain water content, neurological score, western blot, and immunofluorescence experiments were performed. RESULTS: Gastrodin significantly decreased hematoma lysate-induced reduction of cell viability and cell apoptosis in primary cortical neurons. Gastrodin significantly improved brain edema and neurological deficits post-ICH. Moreover, gastrodin administration significantly reduced levels of ROS, 8-OHDG, 3-Nitrotyrosine and MDA, while increased GSH-Px and SOD activity, and stimulated the upregulation of Keap1, Nrf2, and HO-1 signaling at 72 hours post-ICH. Furthermore, gastrodin significantly increased Bcl-2 expression, while reduced level of Bax, active caspase-3 and active caspase-9, also reduced the number of active caspase-3 or TUNEL positive neurons at 72 hours post-ICH. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that gastrodin is neuroprotective after ICH and the mechanism may be associated with the inhibition of oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis.

Effects of patient participation -based dietary intervention on nutritional status for patients with severe burns / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the influence of patient participation-based dietary intervention on nutritional status for patients with severe burn.Methods:From September 2017 to January 2019, 60 severe burn patients hospitalized in the department of burn and plastic surgery of Qingdao Municipal Hospital were recruited and divided into the experimental group ( n=30) and the control group ( n=30) according to the random number table method. The control group received a regular diet. While the experimental group received a patient participation-based dietary intervention(PPDI), The wound healing time and the value of nutritional status index, such as height, body mass index(BMI), serum albumin, serum prealbumin, in the two groups on admission, at 2 weeks after intervention, 4 weeks after intervention were compared. The nutritional knowledge questionnaire of burn patients and "3-day diet diary" were used for investigation. Results:The score of nutritional knowledge showed no significant difference between the two groups before intervention. After intervention, the score of nutritional knowledge in the experimental group was 21.40±2.42, significantly higher than that in the control group (19.00±2.26) ( t value was 3.975, P<0.01). For time effect and between-group effect, there were significant difference in serum albumin between two groups ( F values were 9.232, 4.651, P<0.05); the time effect and between-group effect of serum prealbumin were statistically significant ( F values were 11.592, 6.228, P < 0.05). The wound healing time in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group ( t value was -3.801, P<0.01). Conclusions:Patient participation-based dietary intervention can effectively enhanced the level of nutritional knowledge, improved nutritional status, shortened wound healing time among patients with severe burn.

Electron transfer interpretation of the biofilm-coated anode of a microbial fuel cell and the cathode modification effects on its power.

Biofilm-coated electrodes and outer cell membrane-mimicked electrodes were examined to verify an extracellular electron transfer mechanism using Marcus theory for a donor-acceptor electron transfer. Redox couple-bound membrane electrodes were prepared by impregnating redox coenzymes into Nafion films on carbon cloth electrodes. The electron transfer was believed to occur sequentially from acetate to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), c-type cytochrome, flavin mononucleotide (FMN) (or riboflavin (RBF)) and the anode substrate. Excellent polarisation and power density characteristics were contributed by the modification of the cathode with a high-surface-area ordered mesoporous carbon or a hollow core-mesoporous shell carbon. The maximum power density of the microbial fuel cell (MFC) could be improved by a factor of two mainly due to the accelerated electron consumption by modifying the cathode surfaces within three-dimensionally interconnected mesoporous carbon particles, and the anode was coated with a mixed culture of anaerobic bacteria.

Up-regulation of antioxidative proteins TRX1, TXNL1 and TXNRD1 in the cortex of PTZ kindling seizure model mice.

Oxidative stress has been considered as one of pathogenesis of brain damage led by epilepsy. Reducing oxidative stress can ameliorate brain damage during seizures. However, expression levels of important antioxidative enzymes such as thioredoxin-1 (TRX1), thioredoxin-like 1 protein (TXNL1) and thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1) during seizures have not been investigated. In this study, we examined protein and mRNA expression levels of TRX1, TXNL1 and TXNRD1 in different brain regions in PTZ induced seizure model mice. We found that protein expression levels of TRX1, TXNL1 and TXNRD1 are simultaneously up-regulated by 2- or 3-fold in the cortex of both acute and chronic seizure model mice. But there is no unified expression pattern change of these enzymes in the hippocampus, cerebellum and diencephalon in the seizure model mice. Less extent up-regulation of mRNA expression of these enzymes were also observed in the cortex of seizure mice. These data suggest that antioxidative enzymes may provide a protective effect against oxidative stress in the cortex during seizures.

Neurotensin promotes cholangiocarcinoma metastasis via the EGFR/AKT pathway.

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a fatal disease with increasing morbidity and poor prognosis due to poor response to conventional chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Neurotensin (NTS) has long been recognized as an important factor in the central nervous system and as an endocrine agent in the peripheral circulation via NTS receptor (NTSR) mediated actions. In recent years, NTS has been implicated in the carcinogenesis of numerous cancers; however, its role in cholangiocarcinoma remains obscure. Here, we observed the expression of NTS in cholangiocarcinoma vs. non-cancerous tissues and found that up-regulation of NTS facilitated cholangiocarcinoma cell metastasis and down-regulation of NTS inhibited their migration ability. Mechanistically, NTS drove cholangiocarcinoma cell metastasis via the EGFR/AKT pathway. Both the PI3-K inhibitor LY294002 or EGFR inhibitor Erlotinib stopped the discrepant metastatic capacity between NTS-depleted cholangiocarcinoma cells and control cells, further confirming that EGFR/AKT was required in NTS-promoted cholangiocarcinoma cell metastasis. More importantly, overexpression of NTS predicted poor prognosis of CCA patients. In summary, NTS could promote cholangiocarcinoma cells metastasis by amplifying EGFR/AKT signaling and may therefore be useful to predict patient prognosis.

Comparison of the effectiveness of vertebral arch replantation and laminectomy in the treatment of mild to moderate isthmic spondylolisthesis / 中国修复重建外科杂志

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of vertebral arch replantation and laminectomy in the treatment of mild to moderate isthmic spondylolisthesis. Methods: The clinical data of 66 patients with isthmic spondylolisthesis treated with vertebral arch replantation or laminectomy between March 2014 and July 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into trial group (34 cases, treated with complete replantation of vertebral arch, intervertebral fusion, and internal fixation) and control group (32 cases, treated with laminectomy with intervertebral fusion and internal fixation) according to different surgical methods. There was no significant difference in general data of gender, age, disease duration, lesion segment, Meyerding grade, and preoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) score, Oswestry disability index (ODI) score, Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score between the two groups ( P>0.05). The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, complications, vertebral arch fusion of trial group, and epidural scar formation of the two groups were recorded. The VAS score, JOA score, and ODI score were evaluated at preoperation, 3, 6, 12 months after operation, and at last follow-up. The effectiveness was evaluated according to HOU Shuxun's criteria. Results: All the patients successfully completed the surgery, without any aggravation of nerve injury, dural tear, infection, etc. There was no significant difference in the operation time between the two groups ( t=0.583, P=0.562), but the intraoperative blood loss was significantly lower in the trial group than that in the control group ( t=2.134, P=0.037). All the 66 patients were followed up 13-18 months (mean, 16.2 months). Postoperative clinical symptoms of all patients were significantly improved. In the control group, 7 cases were found to have symptoms of spinal canal stenosis with postoperative posture changes at 3 months after operation, and 5 cases showed mild lower limb numbness at 18 months after operation. No complication such as infection and nerve injury occurred in other patients. In the trial group, 34 cases of epidural scar tissue were completely blocked outside the replantation vertebral arch, while in the control group, 11 cases of epidural scar tissue invaded the spinal canal. At last follow-up, the fusion rate of intervertebral bone grafting and vertebral arch replantation in the trial group was 100%, and the fusion rate of intervertebral bone grafting in the control group was also 100%. The VAS score, ODI score, and JOA score were significantly improved at each time point after operation ( P0.05). According to HOU Shuxun's criteria, the excellent and good rate was 91.2% in the trial group and 84.4% in the control group, showing no significant difference ( χ2=1.092, P=0.573). Conclusion: Compared with laminectomy, vertebral arch replantation can better improve postoperative neurological symptoms, maximize the reconstruction of the bone spinal canal, restore the stability of the intraspinal environment, and it is a better surgical method for lumbar isthmic spondylolisthesis.

Progress on surgical treatment of isthmic spondylolisthesis / 中国骨伤

Isthmic spondylolisthesis is a common degenerative disease of the spine and seriously affects people's quality of life. At present, surgical indications for lumbar spondylolisthesis have basically reached consensus. The surgical plan for the disease is mainly isthmus repair, decompression of spinal canal, reduction of spondylolisthesis, and spinal fusion. The principle of treatment is mainly to relieve nerve compression and restore spinal stability, but for each the specific method and degree of implementation of the link still remains controversial. Open surgery can complete decompression, reduction and fusion of severe spondylolisthesis, and rebuild the stability of the spine. However, the surgical trauma is too large. Minimally invasive surgery can reduce the damage of paravertebral soft tissue, reduce intraoperative blood loss, shorten the time of hospitalization and rehabilitation, and reduce the incidence of intraoperative and postoperative complications. Therefore, in recent years, more and more clinicians praise it, but the treatment of severe spondylolisthesis lumbar spondylolisthesis is not effective. This article reviews recent advances in surgical treatment of lumbar spondylolisthesis.

Therapeutic Effect of First-line Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) Combined with Whole Brain Radiotherapy on Patients with EGFR Mutation-positive Lung Adenocarcinoma and Brain Metastases.

This study compared the therapeutic effect of first-line epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) with that of EGFR-TKI plus whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) on patients with EGFR mutation-positive lung adenocarcinoma and brain metastases. A total of 139 patients with lung adenocarcinoma and brain metastases treated with first-line EGFRTKI therapy from September 2008 to December 2017 were enrolled in this study. The study endpoints were intracranial time to progression (TTP) and overall survival (OS). The effects of clinical pathological parameters and EGFR gene status on the study endpoints were compared. The results showed that the intracranial TTP was significantly longer in EGFR-TKI plus WBRT group than in EGFR-TKI group (median 30.0 vs.18.2 months, χ2=10.824, P=0.001), but no significant difference in the OS was noted between the two groups (median 48.0 vs. 41.1 months, χ2=0.012, P=0.912). Also, there was no statistically significant difference in the OS between patients treated with early and late radiotherapy (P=0.849) and between those with asymptomatic and those with symptomatic intracranial metastases (P=0.189). The OS and intracranial TTP of patients with intracranial oligometastases (≤3 metastatic sites) were not significantly different from those of patients with multiple intracranial metastases (P=0.104 and P=0.357, respectively), and exon 19 and exon 21 mutations didn't show significant effects on the OS and intracranial TTP of patients (P=0.418 and P=0.386, respectively). In conclusion, there was no statistically significant difference in the OS between the EGFR-TKI alone group and EGFR-TKI plus WBRT group. However, simultaneous use of WBRT was found to significantly prolong intracranial TTP and improve cerebral symptoms, and thus EGFR-TKI and WBRT combined may be clinically beneficial for patients with EGFR mutation-positive lung adenocarcinoma and brain metastases.

MicroRNA-202-5p functions as a tumor suppressor in colorectal carcinoma by directly targeting SMARCC1.

Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been emerged as critical regulators for human diseases and as prognostic markers in several tumors, including colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Herein, we identified a tumor-suppressive miRNA, miR-202-5p, which may suppress CRC tumorigenesis. SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily c member 1 (SMARCC1) is a susceptibility gene in CRC. However, the role of SMARCC1 in CRC tumorigenesis has not been elucidated. In our present study, we demonstrated that miR-202-5p was a tumor-suppressive miRNA in CRC progression. We found that expression of miR-202-5p was obviously decreased in CRC tissues. Down-regulation of miR-202-5p was associated with postoperative survival. Overexpression of miR-202-5p inhibited the growth and metastasis of CRC cells. The SMARCC1 was a direct target of miR-202-5p and promoted the growth and metastasis of CRC cells. Further study showed that SMARCC1 could reverse the inhibitory effect of miR-202-5p on growth and metastasis of CRC cells. In conclusion, our data highlight the key role of miR-202-5p in the progression of CRC. Thus, miR-202-5p may be a potential prognostic marker and of treatment relevance for CRC progression intervention.

Serum levels of endocan and endoglin are associated with large-artery atherosclerotic stroke.

BACKGROUND: Accumulating evidence has suggested that endocan and endoglin may play important roles in cardiovascular disease. However, no previous study has focused on these circulating levels in patients with large-artery atherosclerotic (LAA) stroke. METHODS: Serum levels of endocan and endoglin in 114 patients with LAA stroke and 114 age- and sex-matched controls were measured by ELISA. Serum samples from patients were available on day 1, day 6 and in the 4th week after ischaemic stroke(IS). Stroke severity was determined based on the NIHSS score and the stroke volume. An unfavourable outcome was defined as a mRS score>2 on day 90 after IS. RESULTS: The endocan levels were significantly higher in patients with LAA stroke compared with the controls (p=0.001), and after adjustment for other factors (p=0.001). In addition, higher endocan levels were independently associated with unfavourable outcomes on both day 1 and day 6 after IS (p=0.018 and p=0.011). Endoglin levels were decreased on day 6 (p=0.002) and then recovered in the 4th week after IS. No correlation was found between endocan or endoglin and stroke severity. CONCLUSIONS: Endocan levels are higher in patients with LAA stroke and can help in predicting the short-term unfavourable outcome. Endoglin levels are changed after stroke.

Glasgow Prognostic Score predicts prognosis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

High Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS) has been associated with poor prognosis in patients with lung, ovarian, colorectal and renal cancer, as well as hepatocellular carcinoma. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of GPS in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) undergoing partial hepatectomy. A total of 72 patients with pathologically confirmed ICC were classified according to their GPS scores assigned based on the preoperative levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and albumin. Their clinicopathological data were retrospectively assessed using univariate and multivariate analysis to determine their association with overall survival and recurrence. High GPS scores in ICC patients were associated with preoperative levels of CRP (P<0.001) and albumin (P<0.001), frequency of ascites accumulation (P=0.035), lymph node metastasis (P=0.002) and tumour size (P=0.005). On univariate analysis, preoperative levels of CRP (P<0.001), albumin (P=0.016) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (P=0.038), hepatitis B virus (HBV) positivity (P=0.009), occurrence of lymph node metastasis (P=0.001), Child-Pugh class B (P=0.013) and high tumour-node-metastasis (TNM) stage (P=0.002) were found to be associated with the 1- and 3-year overall survival. Multivariate analysis suggested that GPS score (HR=2.037, 95% CI: 1.092-3.799, P=0.025), TNM classification (HR=2.000, 95% CI: 1.188-3.367, P=0.009) and HBV positivity (HR=0.559 95% CI: 0.328-0.953, P=0.032) were independently associated with patient survival. High GPS scores also predicted ICC recurrence. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that GPS may serve as an independent marker of prognosis in patients with ICC following partial hepatectomy.

A comparison of the prognostic value of preoperative inflammation-based scores and TNM stage in patients with gastric cancer.

BACKGROUND: People's Republic of China is one of the countries with the highest incidence of gastric cancer, accounting for 45% of all new gastric cancer cases in the world. Therefore, strong prognostic markers are critical for the diagnosis and survival of Chinese patients suffering from gastric cancer. Recent studies have begun to unravel the mechanisms linking the host inflammatory response to tumor growth, invasion and metastasis in gastric cancers. Based on this relationship between inflammation and cancer progression, several inflammation-based scores have been demonstrated to have prognostic value in many types of malignant solid tumors. OBJECTIVE: To compare the prognostic value of inflammation-based prognostic scores and tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage in patients undergoing gastric cancer resection. METHODS: The inflammation-based prognostic scores were calculated for 207 patients with gastric cancer who underwent surgery. Glasgow prognostic score (GPS), neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR), prognostic nutritional index (PNI), and prognostic index (PI) were analyzed. Linear trend chi-square test, likelihood ratio chi-square test, and receiver operating characteristic were performed to compare the prognostic value of the selected scores and TNM stage. RESULTS: In univariate analysis, preoperative serum C-reactive protein (P<0.001), serum albumin (P<0.001), GPS (P<0.001), PLR (P=0.002), NLR (P<0.001), PI (P<0.001), PNI (P<0.001), and TNM stage (P<0.001) were significantly associated with both overall survival and disease-free survival of patients with gastric cancer. In multivariate analysis, GPS (P=0.024), NLR (P=0.012), PI (P=0.001), TNM stage (P<0.001), and degree of differentiation (P=0.002) were independent predictors of gastric cancer survival. GPS and TNM stage had a comparable prognostic value and higher linear trend chi-square value, likelihood ratio chi-square value, and larger area under the receiver operating characteristic curve as compared to other inflammation-based prognostic scores. CONCLUSION: The present study indicates that preoperative GPS and TNM stage are robust predictors of gastric cancer survival as compared to NLR, PLR, PI, and PNI in patients undergoing tumor resection.

[Identification of cellular morphology and flow cytometry on different tetraploid Isatis indigotica strains].

OBJECTIVE: To identify tetraploid Isatis indigotica strains through morphology and flow cytometry. METHODS: The tissue culture seedlings of tetraploid Isatis indigotica were root-tip squashed and chromosome counted before rooted climatized and transplanted in field. The plants in field were taken as experimental materials. Macroscopic observation was applied to identify by form and structure; Free-hand section was used to observe the length, width and density of stomas; And flow cytometry was applied to identify the ploidy. RESULTS: Compared with diploid plants, tetraploid plants had obvious changes in form and structure. The stomas from the tetraploid were notably longer, and the number of guard cells in chloroplasts was remarkably larger. The experiment materials were proved to be tetraploid by flow cytometry. CONCLUSION: The materials are tetraploid plants. Macroscopic observation, the length of stoma and the number of guard cells in chloroplasts can be taken as aided identification for ploidy of mutagenesis materials. Meanwhile, flow cytometry can be applied to identify the ploidy of Isatis indigotica.

The Glasgow Prognostic Score is an independent prognostic predictor of hepatocellular carcinoma following radical resection.

BACKGROUND: Some prognostic evaluation systems were developed to postoperatively predict the outcome of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, mainly based on the cancer itself and the underlying liver diseases. However, none of these prognostic evaluation systems have so far been universally accepted. A simple and feasible scoring system is still lacking for the prediction of prognosis of HCC patients following resection. We aimed to uncover the correlation between the preoperative Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS) and the clinical outcome of HCC patients after radical resection. METHODS: The patients were separated into 3 subgroups on the basis of their GPSs. The prognostic significance of the GPS in the patient cohort was evaluated by survival analysis. RESULTS: On univariate analysis, the levels of C-reactive protein and albumin, the Child-Pugh class, vascular invasion, tumor number, tumor size, the tumor/node/metastasis (TNM) stage, and the GPS were associated with overall survival and time to recurrence of HCC patients after radical resection. On multivariate analysis, the tumor size, albumin level, and GPS were independently associated with the outcome of HCC postoperatively. CONCLUSION: The GPS is an independent biomarker for prognostic prediction of HCC following radical resection.

[Effects of PEG and NaCl stress on the contents of indigotin and indirubin in Isatis indigotica tetraploids].

OBJECTIVE: To provide a reference evidence for choosing salt-resistent and drought-resistent varieties of Isatis indigotica Fort.. METHODS: The tissue culture seedlings of different Isatis indigotica tetraploids were used as plant materials. The diploid was used as CK, which were cultured for 30 days. 2 g/L NaCl and 15% PEG-6000 were used as stress treatment respectively for 12 hours, then poured out the solution, the materials were continuously cultured for 7 days. The contents of indirubin and indigotin were determined by HPLC. RESULTS: The contents of indigotin and indirubin of DB3, DB5 and DB12 with PEG treatment and DB2, DB3 and DB12 with NaCl treatment were increased. CONCLUSION: DB3 and DB12 can be further studied as reproduction materials.