Occupational Therapy Interventions to Improve Performance of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living for Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review.

OBJECTIVE: We examined the effectiveness of interventions within the scope of occupational therapy to improve the performance of instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) for community-dwelling older adults. METHOD: We searched and examined the literature (2008 through 2016) using four electronic databases. Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were critically appraised and synthesized. RESULTS: Analysis revealed four thematic areas: cognitive, self-management, prevention, and home-based multidisciplinary rehabilitation interventions. Strong evidence supports the use of tailored, multidisciplinary, home-based care programs to support older adults to maintain IADL improvements over time and the use of cognitive interventions to improve memory, executive function, functional status, and everyday problem solving. In addition, strong evidence indicates that tailored home-based preventive sessions were beneficial to mediate functional disability and satisfaction with performance. CONCLUSION: Evidence supports tailored interventions designed to enhance IADL performance. More studies are needed that focus on IADLs specifically and that use IADLs in their interventions.

Achieving curricular themes through learner-centered teaching.

This paper focuses on the use of the four specific learner-centered teaching approaches: service-learning, learning through discussion, team-based learning, and a structured research course sequence in an occupational therapy curriculum. These methods are used to develop the four curriculum themes of engagement, critical thinking, innovations in practice, and clinical reasoning. The outcome of these approaches has been that students have taken more responsibility for their learning and shown increased maturity while promoting faculty creativity. Additionally, students have developed skills and interests in social and community engagement, and have sought jobs in community-based practice areas.