Correlation analysis between the changes in plasma ghrelin level and weight loss after sleeve gastrectomy combined with fundoplication.

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy combined with fundoplication (LSGFD) can significantly control body weight and achieve effective anti-reflux effects. The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between the alteration in Ghrelin levels and weight loss following SGFD, and to compare Ghrelin levels, weight loss and metabolic improvements between SG and SGFD, with the objective of contributing to the existing body of knowledge on SGFD technique in the management of patients with obesity and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 115 obese patients who underwent bariatric surgery between March 2023 and June 2023 at the Department of Minimally Invasivew Surgery, Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The subjects were divided into two groups based on surgical methods: sleeve gastrectomy group (SG group, 93 cases) and sleeve gastrectomy combined with fundoplication group (SGFD group, 22 cases). Clinical data, such as ghrelin levels before and after the operation, were compared between the two groups, and the correlation between changes in ghrelin levels and weight loss effectiveness after the operation was analyzed. RESULTS: Three months after the operation, there was no significant difference in body mass, BMI, EWL%, fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, and uric acid levels between the SG and SGFD groups (P > 0.05). However, the SGFD group exhibited a significant decrease in body weight, BMI, and uric acid levels compared to preoperative levels (P < 0.05), while the decrease in ghrelin levels was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Logistic regression analysis indicated that ghrelin levels three months after the operation were influential in postoperative weight loss. CONCLUSION: The reduction of plasma Ghrelin level in patients after SGFD is not as obvious as that in patients after SG, but it can make obese patients get the same good weight loss and metabolic improvement as patients after SG. Ghrelin level at the third month after operation is the influencing factor of postoperative weight loss.

[Analysis of weight loss, metabolism, and anti-reflux effect of sleeve gastrectomy combined with fundoplication as treatment of obesity complicated by gastroesophageal reflux disease].

Objective: To explore the weight-loss, metabolism, and anti-reflux effect of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy combined with fundoplication (SGFD) as treatment of obesity complicated by gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) with the aim of identifying the best treatment for such patients. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study. Relevant clinical data of 140 patients with obesity (body mass index≥30 kg/m2) complicated by GERD (confirmed by preoperative GerdQ score, gastroscope, upper gastrointestinal radiography, 24-hour pH monitoring of esophagus, and high-resolution esophageal manometry) who had undergone bariatric surgery in the Minimally Invasive Surgery, Hernia and Abdominal Surgery Department of the People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from January 2019 to February 2023 were collected. The participants were allocated to the following groups according to surgical procedure performed: sleeve gastrectomy group (SG group, 92 cases) versus SGFD (SGFD group, 48 cases). SGFD, a new type of anti-reflux weight loss surgery that achieves both anti-reflux and weight loss effects by a procedure involving "cutting first and then folding", was developed by our team. In this study, our main aim was to compare and analyze differences in outcomes between the SG and SGFD groups in terms of weight loss and improvements in metabolism and reflux 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Results: The 140 patients comprised 50 men and 90 women of average age 36.0±9.6 years and preoperative body mass index (BMI) (38.5±6.5) kg/m2. The average preoperative GERD score was 10.2±1.6. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the SGFD and SG groups (all P>0.05). There were also no significant differences in postoperative hospital stay, intraoperative blood loss, or postoperative complications between the two groups (all P>0.05). However, the operation time was longer in the SGFD than SG group (137.5±10.5 minutes vs. 105.3±12.6 minutes, t=-15.131, P<0.001). Compared with preoperative values, fasting blood glucose, cholesterol, body mass, BMI, and GERD score were all lower 3 months postoperatively (all P<0.05). Six months postoperatively, triglyceride, uric acid, and DeMeester score were lower in the SGFD than SG group; however, the lower esophageal sphincter resting pressure was higher in the SGFD group (all P<0.05). There were no significant differences in weight loss indexes (body mass, BMI, percentage of excess body mass loss) or metabolic indexes (fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, and uric acid concentrations) between the SG and SGFD groups 3 and 6 months postoperatively (all P>0.05). However, anti-reflux indexes (GerdQ score, DeMeester score, and lower esophageal sphincter resting pressure) were all significantly better in the SGFD than SG group 6 months postoperatively (all P<0.05). Conclusion: Obese patients with GERD get good weight loss, metabolism improvement and anti-reflux effect after SGFD. SGFD is a safe and feasible surgical method, and its anti-reflux effect is better than SG at the 6th month after operation, so it is feasible.

Epidemiology and Pattern of Pediatric Maxillofacial Trauma: A 5-Year Retrospective Study.

PURPOSE: To analyze the epidemiology, pattern, and prevent measurement of pediatric maxillofacial trauma in Xinjiang, China. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Clinical records of patients aged 0 to 18 years with maxillofacial trauma over the 5 years were reviewed. Epidemiological features of data were collected for the cause of injury, age and sex distribution, frequency and type of injury, localization and frequency of soft tissue injuries, facial bone fractures, and presence of associated injuries. Statistical analyses performed included descriptive analysis, χ 2 test, and logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: Among the 450 patients, 333 were male and 117 were female, with a male-to-female ratio of 3.8:1, the mean age was 9.2±5.4 years; 223 cases were soft tissue injuries and 227 cases were maxillofacial fractures. The 16 to 18-year-old group was the highest, with the prevalence of maxillofacial fractures. The most common cause of pediatric maxillofacial trauma was traffic injuries. CONCLUSION: The incidence of maxillofacial trauma in pediatric patients correlates with a number of factors, including age, sex, and etiology of trauma. The 16 to 18-year-old group is the most prevalent group for maxillofacial trauma in pediatric patients, and traffic accidents are the leading cause of maxillofacial trauma in pediatric patients.

A cross-sectional study on the analysis of the current situation of depression and anxiety among primary and secondary school students in Urumqi City in 2021: A case study of S district.

BACKGROUND: Depression and anxiety in children and adolescents have become one of the major public health threats. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive and accurate understanding of the current status of depression and anxiety in primary and secondary school students in Urumqi and to provide a basis for early intervention in depressed and anxious individuals. METHODS: All primary and secondary school students in 13 schools in the Urumqi S district were surveyed from March 2021 to November 2021, and depression and anxiety were screened using the Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) and the Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS). RESULTS: Overall, 17,086 students participated, with 16,462 valid questionnaires and an effective rate of 96.3%; the numbers of primary, middle, and high school students were 3351, 10,469, and 2642, respectively, with 8493 male students and 7969 female students. The overall depression and anxiety detection rates of primary and secondary school students were 10.74 % and 14.85 %, respectively; the depression detection rates were 5.97 %, 12.05 %, and 11.62 % in elementary, middle, and high schools, respectively=114.8, P < 0.001), while that of anxiety were 9.16 %, 16.75 %, and 14.53 %, respectively (x2=127.5, P < 0.001); the overall depression combined with anxiety detection rate was 8.61 %, and the depression combined with anxiety detection rates in elementary, middle, and high school were 0.95 %, 6.27 %, and 1.39 %, respectively=86.34, P < 0.001). SDS scores in elementary, middle, and high school were (33.21 ± 10.16), (36.66 ± 12.83), and (36.90 ± 11.97), respectively, and SAS scores were (39.64 ± 8.41), (41.88 ± 10.03), (40.71 ± 9.26), respectively. The depression and anxiety scores of primary and secondary school students in Urumqi were lower than those of domestic norm; female students in the middle school group had the highest depression and anxiety scores among all school periods. The SDS and SAS individual scores showed differences in the frequency of specific symptoms and subjective feelings of depression and anxiety among students of different sex and school periods. Depression and anxiety detection rates were highest in secondary school and lowest in primary school; the detection rates of depression and anxiety were significantly higher in female students than in male students. Depression and anxiety scores were significantly lower in the primary school group than in the middle and high school groups, and depression and anxiety levels were significantly higher in female than in male students in each academic period. Female students were 2.045 (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.845-2.267) and 2.006 (95 % CI: 1.835-2.193) times more likely to have symptoms of depression and anxiety than male students, respectively. Middle school students were 7.112 (95 % CI: 3.639-13.898) and 5.499 (95 % CI: 3.302-9.155) times and high school students were 7.504(95 % CI: 3.740-15.058) and 5.093 (95 % CI: 2.966-8.744) times more likely to have symptoms of depression and anxiety than elementary school students, respectively. LIMITATIONS: The pandemic may have impacted the results of the study, and this study did not explore the influencing factors of anxiety and depression. CONCLUSION: Depression and anxiety symptoms exist in some primary and secondary school students in S District, Urumqi.

Prognostic value of soluble CD146 in elderly patients with acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction after PCI / 中华老年心脑血管病杂志

Objective To explore the value of peripheral blood sCD146 as a long-term survival ben-efit marker in elderly patients with acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction(ASTEMI)after PCI.Methods A total of 210 patients who were diagnosed with ASTEMI and underwent PCI in our hospital from January 2021 to July 2022 were enrolled,and according to the postopera-tive sCD146 level,they were divided into low-,medium-and high-level groups(69,65 and 76 cases respectively).All of them were followed up,with endpoint events including all cause death,cardiac death,and major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE).Kaplan-Meier survival curve was plotted to compare the cumulative survival rate of each group,and COX regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between peripheral blood sCD146 level and prognosis.Results The mor-tality rate and MACE incidence were significantly higher in the high-level group than the low-and medium-level groups(P＜0.05).Kaplan-Meier curve analysis showed that the high-level group had obviously lower cumulative survival rate than the other two groups(P＜0.05).COX regres-sion analysis revealed that the sCD146 level in peripheral blood after PCI was independently cor-related with the occurrence of death in ASTEMI patients after PCI(OR=1.530,95％CI:1.144-2.044,P=0.004).Conclusion The peripheral blood level of sCD146 is closely related to long-term survival benefits in ASTEMI patients after PCI,and sCD146 can be used as a biomarker to evaluate their long-term survival benefits.

Intra-jejunal migration with intestinal obstruction and perforation after gastric banding: A case report.

Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) is an approved procedure in bariatric surgery. However, serious complications due to band erosion have been reported. There have been few reports of intestinal obstruction and perforation caused by gastric banding invading the gastric wall and migrating to the jejunum. Case introduction: A 56-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with right lower abdominal pain ten years after LAGB surgery. An intraoperative gastric band showed erosion of the gastric wall and movement down to the jejunum, resulting in intestinal obstruction and jejunal perforation. Conclusion: Patients should undergo regular outpatient gastroscopic follow-up after gastric band surgery to prevent serious complications.

Laparoscopic hiatal hernia repair for treating patients with massive hiatal hernia and iron-deficiency anaemia.

BACKGROUND: Massive hiatal hernias may result in extraoesophageal symptoms, including iron-deficiency anaemia. However, the role played by hiatal hernias in iron-deficiency anaemia is not clearly understood. We examined the prevalence of anaemia in patients with massive hiatal hernias and the frequency of anaemia resolution after laparoscopic hiatal hernia repair at long term follow-up. METHODS: Patients who underwent laparoscopic hiatal hernia repair from June 2008 to June 2019 were enrolled in this study. We collected the patients' demographic and clinical data from their medical records, and compared the pre-surgical and post-surgical findings (at 1 week and 3 months post-surgery). All patients with adequate documentation underwent post-surgical follow-up to evaluate improvements in clinical symptoms and signs. RESULTS: A total of 126 patients with massive hiatal hernias underwent laparoscopic hiatal hernia repair. Of these, 35 (27.8%) had iron-deficiency anaemia. Anaemia was resolution in all the patients and they had significantly reduced GERD-Q scores at 3 months postoperatively (P<0.01) .The mean follow-up period was 60 months. Iron-deficiency anaemia resolution after hiatal hernia repair was achieved in 93.9% of the patients. CONCLUSION: Anaemia is common in patients with massive hiatal hernias, and most of our patients were symptomatic because of their anaemia. Moreover, in patients with massive hiatal hernias, iron-deficiency anaemia resolution is likely after laparoscopic hiatal hernia repair.

Streamlined Efficient Synthesis and Antioxidant Activity of γ-[Glutamyl](n≥1)-tryptophan Peptides by Glutaminase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.

As a group of naturally occurring peptides in various foods, γ-glutamyl peptides possess a unique Kokumi taste and health benefits. However, few studies have focused on the functionality of γ-glutamyl peptides. In this study, the γ-[glutamyl] (n=1, 2, 3)-tryptophan peptides were synthesized from a solution of glutamine (Gln) and tryptophan (Trp) employing L-glutaminase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Four different γ-glutamyl peptides were identified from the reaction mixture by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Under optimal conditions of pH 10, 37 °C, 3 h, 0.1 mol/L Gln: 0.1 mol/L Trp = 1:3, and glutaminase at 0.1% (m/v), the yields of γ-l-glutamyl-l-tryptophan (γ-EW), γ-l-glutamyl-γ-l-glutamyl-l-tryptophan (γ-EEW) and γ-l-glutamyl-γ-l-glutamyl-γ-l-glutamyl-l-tryptophan (γ-EEEW) were 51.02%, 26.12% and 1.91% respectively. The antioxidant properties of the reaction mixture and the two peptides (γ-EW, γ-EEW) identified from the reaction media were further compared. Results showed that γ-EW exhibited the highest DPPH•, ABTS•+ and O2•--scavenging activity (EC50 = 0.2999 mg/mL, 67.6597 µg/mL and 5.99 mg/mL, respectively) and reducing power (EC50 = 4.61 mg/mL), while γ-EEW demonstrated the highest iron-chelating activity (76.22%). Thus, the synthesized mixture may be used as a potential source of antioxidant peptides for food and nutraceutical applications.

Novel iron-chelating peptide from egg yolk: Preparation, characterization, and iron transportation.

In this work, an egg yolk protein hydrolysate (EYPH) with a high iron-chelating ability (87.32%) was prepared. The fractionation using 60% (v/v) ethanol concentration (E3 fraction) led to the efficiently accumulating the iron-chelating peptides in EYPH. The characterization results showed that iron mainly chelated with carboxyl, amino and phosphate groups of peptides. From E3 fraction, six iron-chelating peptides with MW ranging from 1372.36 to 2937.04 Da were identified and a hypothesized molecular model of DDSSSpSpSpSpSpSVLSK-Fe was simulated. In vitro stability determination showed that E3-Fe chelate owned a good heat, alkalinity and digestion tolerance, but a relatively bad acid tolerance. Finally, iron transport analysis showed that iron in the E3-Fe would be absorbed in caco-2 cell membrane more effectively than that of iron salts, indicating that it was possible to apply the E3-Fe complex as iron supplements.

Incidence and influencing factors of postpartum depression and anxiety among 2 490 puerpera in Urumqi in 2020 / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo investigate the incidence and influencing factors of postpartum depression and anxiety in Urumqi during the coronavirus disease （COVID-19） epidemic period in 2020. MethodsResearch subjects were the parturients who underwent postpartum health checkups in a third class hospital in Urumqi from January 2020 to December 2020. The maternal socio demographic and obstetric information were collected， and PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scales were used for screening of PPD and PPA. Calcaneal bone mineral density of the parturients was measured by French Pegasus ultrasonic bone densitometer. After univariate analysis of the related influencing factors of PPD and PPA， multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between mental disorders and various influencing factors. ResultsA total of 2 490 puerpera participated in the survey. The incidences of PPD and PPA in 2020 were 13.4 % and 10.8 %， respectively. Six factors with statistical differences after univariate analysis were included in multivariate binary logistic regression analysis. The final results suggested that age over 35 （OR=1.707，95%CI：1.142‒2.551）， unemployment （OR=1.478，95%CI：1.003‒2.205）， multipara（OR=1.340，95%CI：1.037‒1.733）， bone loss and osteoporosis （OR=1.434，95%CI： 1.076‒1.910） were the risk factors of PPD， while breastfeeding （OR=0.466，95%CI： 0.301‒0.721） was a protective factor. Ages between 18‒24 （OR=1.559，95%CI：1.282‒3.097） and cesarean section （OR=1.433，95%CI： 1.105‒1.859） were the risk factors of PPA， while ages between 30‒34 years old （OR=0.524，95%CI： 0.332‒0.827）， occupation as medical staff （OR=0.282，95%CI： 0.807‒0.919）， breastfeeding （OR=0.530，95%CI： 0.330‒0.850） were protective factors. ConclusionIncidences of PPD and PPA are in middle-low levels during COVID-19 epidemic period. Age， occupation， delivery mode， delivery times， feeding pattern and bone mineral density are the influencing factors. Screen coverage of PPD and PPA in special period should be strengthened， and measures should be taken to reduce the risk.

Gastroesophageal reflux related changes after sleeve gastrectomy and sleeve gastrectomy with fundoplication: A retrospective single center study.

Background: The worsening of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and "de novo" GERD after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is a major concern as it affects the patient's quality of life; the incidence of GERD after LSG is up to 35%. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy with fundoplication (LSGFD) is a new procedure which is considered to be better for patients with morbid obesity and GERD, but there is a lack of objective evidence to support this statement. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness, safety, and results of LSG and LSGFD on patients who were morbidly obese with or without GERD over an average of 34 months follow-up. Methods: Fifty-six patients who were classified as obese underwent surgery from January 2018 to January 2020. Patients who were obese and did not have GERD underwent LSG and patients who were obese and did have GERD underwent LSFGD. The minimum follow-up time was 22 months and there were 11 cases lost during the follow-up period. We analyzed the short-term complications and medium-term results in terms of weight loss, incidence of de novo GERD/resolution of GERD, and remission of co-morbidities with follow-up. Results: A total of 45 patients completed the follow-up and a questionnaire-based evaluation (GERD-Q), of whom 23 patients underwent LSG and 22 patients underwent LSGFD. We had 1 case of leak after LSGFD.No medium or long- term complications. The patient's weight decreased from an average of 111.6 ± 11.8 Kg to 79.8 ± 12.2 Kg (P = 0.000) after LSG and from 104.3 ± 17.0 Kg to 73.7 ± 13.1 Kg (P = 0.000) after LSGFD. The GERD-Q scores increased from 6.70 ± 0.5 to 7.26 ± 1.7 (P = 0.016) after LSG and decreased from 8.86 ± 1.3 to 6.45 ± 0.8 (P = 0.0004) after LSGFD. The incidence of de novo GERD after LSG was 12 (52.2%) at the 12 month follow-up and 7 (30.4%) at the mean 34 (22-48) month follow-up. The remission of reflux symptoms, for patients who underwent LSGFD, was seen in 19 (86.4%) of 22 patients at 12 months and 20 (90.9%) of 22 patients at the mean 34 (22-48) month follow-up. The two groups did not have any significant difference in the effect of weight reduction and comorbidity resolution. Conclusion: The incidence of de novo GERD after LSG is high,LSG resulted in the same weight loss and comorbidity resolution as LSGFD, in patients who are morbidly obese and experience GERD, and LFDSG prevent the occurrence and development of GERD, combination of LSG with fundoplication (LSGFD) is a feasible and safe procedure with good postoperative results,which worthy of further clinical application.

Risk prediction of autism spectrum disorder behaviors among children based on blood elements by nomogram: A cross-sectional study in Xinjiang from 2018 to 2019.

BACKGROUND: Changes of toxic metals and essential elements during childhood may be the risk factor of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This research established an accurate personalized predictive model of ASD behaviors among children by using the blood element detection index of children in Xinjiang, China. METHODS: A total of 1537 children (240 ASD behavior children and 1297 non-ASD behavior children) aged 0-7 were collected from September 2018 to September 2019 in Urumqi Children's Hospital and the health management institute of Xinjiang Medical University. For measuring the copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), calcium (Ca), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd), 80 µL of blood was taken from each participant's ring finger. Univariate logistic regression analysis was used to select predictors, then the multivariate logistic regression was used to establish the predictive model. The discriminability, calibration and clinical validity of the model were evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, Hosmer-Lemeshow test and decision curve analysis (DCA). RESULTS: Gender, concentrations of Pb, Ca and Zn in children's blood specimens were found to be the independent risk factors of ASD behaviors and were used to develop the nomogram model. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) in the development group (AUC = 0.778) and the validation group (AUC = 0.775) showed the model had discrimination ability. The calibration curve indicated the model was accurate, and the DCA proved its clinical application value. CONCLUSION: The nomogram model can be used as a reliable tool to predict the risk of ASD behaviors among children.

Artificial Intelligence Assisting the Early Detection of Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis From Chest X-Rays: A Population-Based Study.

As a major infectious disease, tuberculosis (TB) still poses a threat to people's health in China. As a triage test for TB, reading chest radiography with traditional approach ends up with high inter-radiologist and intra-radiologist variability, moderate specificity and a waste of time and medical resources. Thus, this study established a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) based artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm, aiming at diagnosing TB on posteroanterior chest X-ray photographs in an effective and accurate way. Altogether, 5,000 patients with TB and 4,628 patients without TB were included in the study, totaling to 9,628 chest X-ray photographs analyzed. Splitting the radiographs into a training set (80.4%) and a testing set (19.6%), three different DCNN algorithms, including ResNet, VGG, and AlexNet, were trained to classify the chest radiographs as images of pulmonary TB or without TB. Both the diagnostic accuracy and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve were used to evaluate the performance of the three AI diagnosis models. Reaching an accuracy of 96.73% and marking the precise TB regions on the radiographs, ResNet algorithm-based AI outperformed the rest models and showed excellent diagnostic ability in different clinical subgroups in the stratification analysis. In summary, the ResNet algorithm-based AI diagnosis system provided accurate TB diagnosis, which could have broad prospects in clinical application for TB diagnosis, especially in poor regions with high TB incidence.

Analysis of the incidence and influencing factors of postpartum depression and anxiety: A cross-sectional study in Xinjiang from 2018 to 2021.

BACKGROUND: Postpartum depression(PPD) and anxiety(PPA) have become the one of major public health threats. However, the research evidence on PPD and PPA in Xinjiang is insufficient. This research reports the incidence of PPD and PPA in the past 4 years, and analyzes the impact of sociodemographic and obstetric factors on postpartum mental health. METHODS: The selected research objects are parturients who have undergone postpartum health check-ups in a tertiary hospital in Urumqi from January 2018 to September 2021. The study obtained the socio-demographic and obstetric information of the puerpera through general survey questionnaires, and used the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scales to screen for PPD and PPA. Furthermore, after univariate analysis of related influencing factors of PPD and PPA, multiple binary logistic regression analysis was used to further explore the relationship between PPD and PPA and various influencing factors. RESULTS: A total of 7,703 parturients were included in this study. The incidence of PPD (PHQ-9 ≥ 10) was 9.7% in 2018, 11.1% in 2019, 13.3% in 2020, and 14.2% in 2021 (χ2 = 18.386, P < 0001). The incidence of PPA(GAD-7 ≥ 10) was 8.1% in 2018,8.6% in 2019, 11.4% in 2020, and 9.8% in 2021 (χ2 = 16.895, P = 0.001). The six factors that were statistically different after univariate analysis were included in the multivariate binary logistic regression analysis. The final results suggested that women who delivery in 2020 were 1.405 times (95%CI:1.145-1.723) more likely to suffer from depression than those who delivery in 2018 and 1.688 times (95%CI:1.237-2.303) than that in 2021. Compared with puerpera with formal jobs, the incidence of PPD among puerpera who were self-employed (AOR = 1.372,95%CI:1.085-1.735) or unemployed(AOR = 1.348,95%CI:1.137-1.599) was on the rise. Moreover, studies have shown that mixed feeding (AOR = 1.515,95%CI: 1.296-1.772) or artificial feeding (AOR = 1.736,95%CI: 1.299-2.321) 6 weeks postpartum was associated with a higher risk of depression, and puerpera who delivered female infants (AOR = 0.780, 95%CI: 0.626-0.971) were less likely to report depressive symptoms. Simultaneously, for PPA, women who delivered in 2020 were 1.418 times (95%CI: 1.065-1.887) more likely to suffer from anxiety than those who delivered in 2018. Women aged 18-29 years (AOR = 2.070,95%CI:1.229-3.487) were more likely to report PPA than those over the age of 29. Similarly, women who selected cesarean section delivery (AOR = 1.332,95%CI:1.087-1.632) were more likely to have PPA. Mixed feeding (AOR = 1.436,95%CI: (1.193-1.729) ) or artificial feeding (AOR = 1.742,95%CI: 1.243-2.441) at 6 weeks postpartum was associated with a higher risk of anxiety. While puerpera who delivered female infants (AOR = 0.746,95%CI: 0.567-0.982) were less likely to report anxiety symptoms. CONCLUSION: This study shows that in Xinjiang, the incidence of postpartum depression and anxiety was on the rise from 2018 to 2020, and although there was a slight decline in 2021, it was still higher than in 2019. Simultaneously, the proportion of overweight or obese, cesarean section, and non-breastfeeding women had increased year by year. Factors such as maternal age, occupation, mode of delivery, feeding pattern and neonatal gender may help to identify high-risk patients. Therefore, primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention should be given priority to reduce the incidence of postpartum depression and anxiety in high-risk groups.

Research progress on the role of intestinal flora in the pathogenesis of gastroesophageal reflux disease / 中国医师杂志

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a global digestive system disease caused by the reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus and the injury of esophageal mucosa. At present, the pathogenesis of GERD is not completely clear. Studies have found that GERD is closely related to intestinal flora disorder and small intestine bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). Changes in intestinal flora can participate in the occurrence and development of GERD by activating immune and inflammatory reactions, affecting gastroesophageal motility and other mechanisms. In addition, intestinal flora can also indirectly regulate and affect the pathogenesis of GERD by causing some metabolic diseases. This paper aims to review the relationship between GERD and intestinal flora.

Research process on pathogenesis of gastroesophageal reflux disease / 中国医师杂志

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a gastrointestinal motility disorder that results from the reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus or oral cavity, causing symptoms or complications. The typical symptoms of GERD are heartburn and regurgitation of gastric contents into the oropharynx. Heartburn is the sensation of burning or discomfort behind the sternum. Heartburn may radiate into the neck, is typically worse after meals or when in a reclining position, and may be eased by antacids. Regurgitation is the backflow of gastric contents into the mouth or hypopharynx. Epigastric pain can also be a symptom of GERD. Extraesophageal symptoms of GERD include dental erosions, laryngitis, cough, and asthma. In recent years, great progress has been made in understanding the molecular basis of GERD, suggesting that its pathogenesis is more complex and multifactorial. In this paper, the molecular pathogenesis was taken as the starting point, including the mechanism of genes in the pathogenesis and development of GERD, the mechanism of NF-κB pathway in the pathogenesis and development of GERD, the role of proteinase-activated receptor-2 in the pathogenesis of GERD, the association between abnormal serotonin pathway and GERD, and the relationship between reactive oxygen species and GERD, to summarize the pathogenesis of gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Comparative study of native vertebral osteomyelitis and pyogenic postoperative and analysis of prognostic factors / 中华骨科杂志

Objective:To compare the microbiology, clinical characteristics and therapeutic efficacy of native suppurative spondylitis (NVO) and postoperative suppurative spondylitis (PVO), and analyze the factors affecting the prognosis.Methods:All patients with suppurative spondylitis were retrospectively analyzed from December 2010 to December 2019. A total of 46 patients were enrolled in this study. They were divided into two groups. There were 30 cases in NVO group, 18 males and 12 females; The age was 50.47±20.45 years, aged 15-73 years. There were 16 cases in PVO group, 10 males and 6 females; The age was 52.13±18.80 years, aged 14-73 years. In group NVO, 23 cases (76.7%) were in lumbar vertebrae, 5 cases (16.7%) in thoracic vertebrae and 2 cases (6.7%) in cervical vertebrae; in group PVO, 11 cases (68.8%) in lumbar vertebrae and 5 cases (31.2%) in thoracic vertebrae. Twenty-eight patients had neurological dysfunction before surgery. There were 25 cases of grade D (16 cases in group NVO and 9 cases in group PVO) and 3 cases of grade C (1 case in group NVO and 2 cases in group PVO), following the instructions of American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) neurological function classification. All patients were given bed rest, nutritional support and antibiotic therapy; surgical treatment for patients with poor outcomes or aggravated symptoms. The patients were followed up after operation, the observation indexes included leukocyte count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C -reactive protein to evaluate the postoperative curative effect. The internal fixation device was evaluated for looseness and fracture by imaging examination. At the same time, the changes of visual analogue scale, ASIA neurological function grade were recorded to evaluate the clinical efficacy.Results:Two patients in NVO group were treated with antibiotics, and all the other patients successfully completed the operation. The diseased tissues were sent for pathological examination during the operation. The results showed that they were diagnosed as suppurative spondylitis. All patients were followed up for 12-24 months. Both groups were treated with intravenous and oral antibiotics, and the time of antibiotic treatment in group PVO was longer than that in group NVO without significant difference ( t=1.74, P=0.088). The leukocyte, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, visual analogue scale (VAS), were significantly improved in both groups at different time points after operation ( P<0.05) . There was no significant difference in leukocyte, C -reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate or VAS score between the two groups at the same time point after operation ( P>0.05). The neurological function of patients after operation was significantly improved compared with that before operation. In group NVO, 16 cases recovered from ASIA grade D to grade E, 1 case from grade C to grade D; 9 cases in group PVO recovered from grade D to grade E and 2 cases recovered from grade C to grade D. Till the last follow-up, 3 patients in group NVO recurred, the recurrence rate was 10% (3/30); 7 patients in group PVO recurred, the recurrence rate was 43.8%; the recurrence rate of group PVO was higher than that of group NVO, the difference was statistically significant (χ 2=5.14, P=0.023). Among 39 patients with spinal internal fixation, 12.8% (1 NVO, 4 PVO) had recurrent infection after internal fixation. Therefore, re-operation was performed to remove the internal fixator for infection control, patients recovered after conservative treatment such as immobilization and systemic anti-infection By univariate analysis, multiple vertebral involvement and abscess formation ( OR=11.00, P=0.006; OR=9.00, P=0.047) were significantly associated with pyogenic spondylitis recurrence; there was a tendency for pyogenic spondylitis recurrence among microbial infection ( OR=1.87, P=0.416), spinal prosthesis ( OR=7.20, P=0.074) and allogenic bone ( OR=1.78, P=0.478), yet not obvious. Multivariate analysis indicated that multiple vertebral involvement ( OR=10.49, P=0.038) was a risk factor for pyogenic spondylitis recurrence. Conclusion:The treatment of PVO is more challenging than NVO, especially in the cases of spinal implant infection. Although the antibiotic treatment time of PVO is longer than that of NVO, the recurrence rate of PVO is higher. Longer antibiotic therapy and, if necessary, surgical debridement or removal of implants are important approaches to successful treatment of PVO.

Donkey Industry in China: Current Aspects, Suggestions and Future Challenges.

Donkey domestication has been essential to human culture and development and has played an important role in economic and social life in human history. China is one of the largest donkey breeders worldwide; donkey farming for meat, milk and hide production is becoming an important industry in rural China as it provides income to the rural livelihoods of many people. Currently, the donkey industry in China is small and relatively young, but it is growing fast. The industry is not adequately exploited economically, which means that it requires the diminution of its role in the traditional activities of rural households and a reorientation towards a more profitable industry. Given the growing importance of the donkey industry in rural China, this paper aims to outline the current situations of the donkey industry in China in terms of animal stock, breeds and distribution, donkey products, suggestions and future challenges to the development of the donkey industry.

Effects of FGB gene polymorphism on fibrinogen level and gallstones incidence in Xinjiang, China / 临床肝胆病杂志

Objective To investigate the association of the polymorphisms of the FGB gene rs4220 and rs1044291 loci with plasma fibrinogen (Fg) level and gallstones in Xinjiang, China. Methods Blood samples were collected from 150 Uygur and Han patients with gallstones and 150 Uygur and Han individuals without gallstones who were hospitalized or underwent physical examination in The People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from December 2017 to May 2020. Plasma Fg level was measured, and based on the previous results of whole exon sequencing of the FGB gene, the SNaPshot method was used to identify the genotype at rs4220 and rs1044291 loci of the FGB gene. The t -test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between two groups; the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups; a multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between each variable and gallstones. Results For the Chinese Han population, the gallstones group had a significantly higher plasma Fg level than the control group [2.90 (2.43-3.49) g/L vs 2.47 (2.06-3.02) g/L, Z =-3.62, P 0.05). For the Chinese Han population, the subjects carrying GG genotype at the rs4220 locus in the gallstones group had a significantly higher plasma Fg level than those in the control group [2.84(2.32-3.61) g/L vs 2.34(2.05-2.75) g/L, Z =-3.04, P 0.05). Conclusion The influence of FGB gene polymorphism on plasma Fg level may be associated with race, and FGB gene polymorphisms at the rs4220 and rs1044291 loci may be involved in the pathogenesis of gallstones by regulating Fg level in the population in Xinjiang.

Dietary nutritional status of AIDS orphans / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the dietary nutritional status of AIDS orphans aged 7-12 in Urumqi, and to provide a scientific basis for promoting growth, development and health.@*Methods@#Using a random sampling method, a total of 309 children aged 7-12, from Urumqi were selected. The sample included 98 orphans with AIDS, 66 orphaned children not affected by AIDS, and 145 cases of non orphaned children. A 24 hour diet review method was used to record the diet of all three groups of children who received three meals per day, energy levels and the nutrient intake of AIDS orphans and their attainment were analyzed according to the daily recommended nutrient intake (RNI) of Chinese residents.@*Results@#The detection rate of wasting in the AIDS orphans group was 44.9%, which was higher than that in the orphans without AIDS group (40.9%) and the non orphaned group ( 28.2 %); the overweight rates of AIDS orphans and orphans without AIDS were 3.1% and 3.0%, respectively, which were both lower than those of non orphaned children (8.3%); the average daily intake of energy and dietary nutrients in the AIDS orphans group was lower than that in the other two groups, and the intake of vitamin A, vitamin B 2, vitamin B 6, vitamin C,vitamin D, folic acid, calcium, zinc, and iron was seriously insufficient, the intake of food grains, vegetables, fruit, eggs, milk and dairy products, and the average daily intake of oil was lower among AIDS orphans than orphans without AIDS and non orphaned children, additionally,except for food grains,eggs, there were significant differences between the three groups ( F =3.02，5.23，27.86，16.59， P <0.05), and the daily intake of vegetables, aquatic products, eggs and milk in AIDS orphans and orphans was lower than the recommeded intake.@*Conclusion@#A higher rate of wasting, unbalanced nutrient intake, and poor nutritional status was found among AIDS orphans aged 7-12 in Urumqi. Therefore, there is a need to improve the dietary structure of AIDS orphans with the aim of promoting healthy development.