RESUMO
Technical advances made in the 1980s and early 1990s resulted in monoclonal antibodies that are now approved for human therapy. Novel transgenic mouse strains provide a powerful technology platform for creating fully human monoclonal antibodies as therapeutics; ten such antibodies have entered clinical trials since 1998 and more are in preclinical testing. Improved transgenic mouse strains provide a powerful technology platform for creating human therapeutics in the future.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais/biossíntese , Anticorpos Monoclonais/uso terapêutico , Camundongos Transgênicos/imunologia , Animais , Anticorpos Monoclonais/imunologia , Genes de Imunoglobulinas , Humanos , Fragmentos de Imunoglobulinas/biossíntese , Fragmentos de Imunoglobulinas/imunologia , Fragmentos de Imunoglobulinas/uso terapêutico , CamundongosRESUMO
Among the myriad receptors expressed by T cells, the sine qua non is the CD3/T cell receptor (CD3/TCR) complex, because it is uniquely capable of translating the presence of a specific antigen into intracellular signals necessary to trigger an immune response against a pathogen or tumor. Much work over the past 2 decades has attempted to define the signaling pathways leading from the CD3/TCR complex that culminate ultimately in the functions necessary for effective T cell immune responses, such as cytokine production. Here, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms by which the CD3/TCR complex controls integrin-mediated T cell adhesion, and discuss new information that suggests that there may be unexpected facets to this pathway that distinguish it from those previously defined.