Conclusive demonstration of iatrogenic Alzheimer's disease transmission in a model of stem cell transplantation.

The risk of iatrogenic disease is often underestimated as a concern in contemporary medical procedures, encompassing tissue and organ transplantation, stem cell therapies, blood transfusions, and the administration of blood-derived products. In this context, despite the prevailing belief that Alzheimer's disease (AD) manifests primarily in familial and sporadic forms, our investigation reveals an unexpected transplantable variant of AD in a preclinical context, potentially indicating iatrogenic transmission in AD patients. Through adoptive transplantation of donor bone marrow stem cells carrying a mutant human amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgene into either APP-deficient knockout or normal recipient animals, we observed rapid development of AD pathological hallmarks. These pathological features were significantly accelerated and emerged within 6-9 months post transplantation and included compromised blood-brain barrier integrity, heightened cerebral vascular neoangiogenesis, elevated brain-associated ß-amyloid levels, and cognitive impairment. Furthermore, our findings underscore the contribution of ß-amyloid burden originating outside of the central nervous system to AD pathogenesis within the brain. We conclude that stem cell transplantation from donors harboring a pathogenic mutant allele can effectively transfer central nervous system diseases to healthy recipients, mirroring the pathogenesis observed in the donor. Consequently, our observations advocate for genomic sequencing of donor specimens prior to tissue, organ, or stem cell transplantation therapies, as well as blood transfusions and blood-derived product administration, to mitigate the risk of iatrogenic diseases.

eHealth interventions to support self-management: Perceptions and experiences of people with musculoskeletal disorders and physiotherapists - 'eHealth: It's TIME': A qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: There is increasing interest in the potential role of eHealth interventions to support self-management in people with musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). The COVID-19 pandemic appears to have been a significant catalyst for the implementation of eHealth modalities into routine practice, providing a unique opportunity for real-world evaluation of this underutilized method of delivering physiotherapy. OBJECTIVE: To explore the perceptions of eHealth-mediated supported self-management from the perspective of people with MSDs and physiotherapists who work in this clinical area. METHODS: A qualitative interpretive descriptive approach was used. Semi-structured telephone interviews with 13 musculoskeletal physiotherapists and 13 people with musculoskeletal disorders were undertaken. Transcripts were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. RESULTS: Three main themes were identified: 1) Flexibility within a blended care model; 2) eHealth as a facilitator of self-management support; and 3) Technology: Getting it right. Participants expressed concerns about assessment and diagnosis, establishing a therapeutic relationship and felt eHealth should be reserved for follow-up purposes. There was a consistent view expressed that eHealth could facilitate aspects of self-management support. A lack of resources and suboptimal user experience remains a challenge. CONCLUSIONS: eHealth-mediated self-management support interventions were broadly acceptably, predominately as a follow-up option.

Value of Environmental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Story From Indian Country.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic challenged not only the health-care industry, but also the public health infrastructure in new and wide-ranging ways. Environmental health (EH) professionals have proven to be an essential component of the interdisciplinary public health solution required to prevent, respond, and recover from the COVID-19 pandemic. The Indian Health Service's Division of Environmental Health Services is a community-based program offering a broad scope of environmental health services and technical assistance. Significant COVID-19 workload activities were recorded from March 2020 through March 2021. A total of 62.7% of the Division's federal staff completed a 24-question survey in February/March 2021. Primary roles relating to community-based EH, institutional EH, and incident command system support/teams became apparent. Results indicated Division of Environmental Health Services staff provided critical leadership and used their established, trusted, interdisciplinary partnerships to help ensure critical resources and services were available in Indian Country.

A novel smartphone application is reliable for repeat administration and comparable to the Tekscan Strideway for spatiotemporal gait.

Smartphone applications are increasingly being used to measure gait due to their portability and cost-effectiveness. Important reliability metrics are not available for most of these devices. The purpose of this article was to evaluate the test-retest reliability and concurrent validity of spatiotemporal gait using the novel Gait Analyzer smartphone application compared to the Tekscan Strideway. Healthy participants (n=23) completed 12 trials of 10-meter walking, at two separate time points, using Gait Analyzer and while walking across the Tekscan Strideway. The results suggest excellent test-retest reliability for the Gait Analyzer and good test-retest reliability for the Tekscan Strideway for both velocity and cadence. At both time points, these devices were moderately to strongly correlated to one another for both velocity and cadence. These data suggest that the Gait Analyzer and Tekscan Strideway are reliable over time and can comparably calculate velocity and cadence.

eHealth Interventions to Support Self-Management in People With Musculoskeletal Disorders, "eHealth: It's TIME"-A Scoping Review.

OBJECTIVE: eHealth-mediated interventions have been proposed as one option to support self-management in those with musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). This scoping review aimed to chart the evidence regarding eHealth modalities, musculoskeletal diagnosis, and outcomes of eHealth-mediated self-management support interventions in persons with MSDs and identify any gaps within the literature. METHODS: Six electronic databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews), 7 grey literature sources (eg, OpenGrey), and reference and citation lists of included studies were searched from database inception to July 2020. Published studies of adult participants with a MSD utilizing an eHealth intervention to support self-management were included. Studies were limited to those published in English. Two reviewers independently screened all studies. Data were extracted by 1 reviewer and reviewed by another reviewer. RESULTS: After screening 3377 titles and abstracts followed by 176 full texts, 87 studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria. The majority were published in the last 5 years (n = 48; 55%), with almost one-third originating in the United States (n = 28; 32%). The most common eHealth modality type was internet based (n = 22; 35%), with almost one-half (n = 41; 47%) of the included studies involving participants with widespread musculoskeletal symptoms. The most commonly reported outcomes were related to body functions (ie, pain intensity) (n = 67; 45%), closely followed by activities and participation (ie, function) (n = 65; 44%), with environmental factors (ie, health care utilization) the least commonly reported (n = 17; 20%). CONCLUSIONS: There is considerable variation within the eHealth-mediated self-management support intervention literature. Research is needed on the role of eHealth-mediated self-management support interventions across a broad range of MSDs to guide clinical practice. IMPACT: This scoping review has identified gaps in the literature relating to specific eHealth modalities, musculoskeletal diagnoses, and health care utilization data, which should guide future research.

Design and development of an eHealth intervention to support self-management in people with musculoskeletal disorders - 'eHealth: It's TIME': a study protocol.

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are a leading cause of global morbidity, with the burden expected to increase in the near future. Self-management, with the support of healthcare professionals, is recommended for many MSDs. However, frequent clinical contact is not feasible. Previous research has highlighted the need for a co-designed eHealth-mediated self-management follow-up support intervention which integrates remote monitoring and behavioural change. Thus, the current study aims to develop and design a user-centred, eHealth-mediated self-management support prototype for people with MSDs. Methods: A three-step, iterative system development cycle will be utilised to develop and design the "eHealth: It's TIME prototype". The three-step process will include creating website features and content using two sequential focus groups with people with MSDs (n = 6 - 8); heuristic testing using the 10 heuristic principles of Nielsen (n = 5); and usability testing through in-person 60-minute interviews with people with MSDs (n = 3 - 5) and musculoskeletal physiotherapists (n = 3 - 5). Conclusion: The eHealth: It's TIME prototype will be a systematically developed, follow-up self-management support intervention guided by behavioural change theory and the preferences of end users.

The interpersonal processes of non-suicidal self-injury: A systematic review and meta-synthesis.

BACKGROUND: Understanding the processes underlying non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is important given the negative consequences of this behaviour. Qualitative research has the potential to provide an in-depth exploration of this. There has been limited research regarding the interpersonal processes associated with NSSI; therefore, a meta-synthesis was conducted to investigate this. METHODS: A search of PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and CINAHL electronic databases from date of inception to November 2020 was conducted. In total, 30 papers were included in the final review. A meta-ethnographic approach was utilized to synthesize the data. RESULTS: Two overarching themes were found. Within 'Powerful relational dynamics', NSSI was cited as a response to participants becoming stuck in aversive or disempowering relational positions with others. Within the 'Taking matters into their own hands' subtheme, NSSI was reported as a way for participants to get interpersonal and emotional needs met. LIMITATIONS: Several included papers did not comment on the researcher-participant relationship, which may have affected qualitative results. A small number of potentially eligible papers were unavailable for synthesizing. CONCLUSION: Findings provide a more nuanced investigation of the interpersonal processes underlying NSSI. Consistent with relevant theories, NSSI appears to be a way of mitigating difficult interpersonal experiences or getting interpersonal needs met. NSSI may be engaged in as a substitute to other, less damaging ways to cope. An argument is made for a more empathetic understanding of NSSI and the use of relational interventions. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Self-injury may occur in response to interpersonal stressors Self-injury can be a means to get interpersonal needs met Self-injury may replace other means of coping that become blocked or thwarted Emotional distress can be closely linked with interpersonal factors for this group Relational therapies may be beneficial where interpersonal processes are linked to NSSI.

Dirty Work and Intimacy: Creating an Abortion Worker.

Abortion work has changed in the decades since Roe v. Wade, and concerns over efficiency and cost reduction have resulted in increased specialization and compartmentalization of duties among health workers. This study examines the current state of surgical abortion at a clinic in southern California. Drawing on 18 months of ethnographic fieldwork at an abortion clinic, I use theories of dirty work and intimate work to examine how abortion work is organized and allocated among staff. I find that work in the clinic is best understood as existing on two intersecting spectrums of intimacy and dirtiness. Whereas existing research on abortion workers has primarily focused on doctors and nurses, this study includes medical assistants and compares experiences across different occupations. I conclude that frequency, intensity, and purpose of intimate work and dirty work coalesce to create distinct types of abortion workers.

"It's a horrible assignment": A qualitative study of labor and delivery nurses' experience caring for patients undergoing labor induction for fetal anomalies or fetal demise.

OBJECTIVES: This study sought to explore labor and delivery (L&D) nurses' experiences caring for women undergoing induction for intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD) or termination for fetal anomalies, and to characterize reluctance towards participation in abortion care or - conversely - the commitment to provide services. STUDY DESIGN: Researchers conducted a qualitative study that consisted of open-ended, semistructured interviews with 15 registered nurses who care for women on L&D at a large metropolitan hospital. We analyzed these data for content and themes. RESULTS: Labor and delivery nurses struggle emotionally, logistically, and morally with bereavement care, whether their patients are experiencing an IUFD or termination for fetal anomalies. The analysis generated the following themes: the emotionally intense work of perinatal loss, feelings of incompetence in bereavement care, ethical conflicts, and judgment of both termination and IUFD patients. In addition, nurses who chose to provide care for patients undergoing induction termination for fetal anomalies described a duty to care for all patients despite the increased logistic and emotional burden. CONCLUSIONS: Much of the discomfort L&D nurses reported caring for patients undergoing induction termination stems from the emotional toll, lack of skills, and bureaucratic burden of bereavement care rather than a moral objection to abortion. Instituting interventions to improve staffing, simplify paperwork, augment bereavement training, and improve support for the emotional burden of caring for these patients may therefore increase access to competent and compassionate abortion care. IMPLICATIONS: Labor and delivery nurses struggle with bereavement care whether their patients are experiencing an IUFD or termination for fetal anomalies. Instituting interventions - like interdisciplinary simulation - to support nurses in bereavement care may increase the number willing to participate in abortion care, thereby improving patient access.

eHealth interventions to support self-management in people with musculoskeletal disorders: a scoping review protocol.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this scoping review is to explore existing literature related to the role of eHealth interventions in supporting self-management in those with musculoskeletal disorders in order to investigate and chart the evidence, and identify any gaps within the literature. INTRODUCTION: Musculoskeletal disorders are one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. Self-management interventions are consistently recommended as a core component of treatment for people with musculoskeletal disorders. Given limited health care resources, there is increasing interest in the potential role of eHealth interventions to support self-management in this population. INCLUSION CRITERIA: Studies that include adult participants (older than 18 years) with a musculoskeletal disorder will be considered. Studies that include participants with pain of specific pathological origin (eg, infection, malignancy, osteoporosis, inflammatory disease, fracture), those who are pregnant, or individuals following surgery will be excluded. The concept is eHealth interventions that support self-management conducted in any setting and geographical location. All settings and locations will be included. METHODS: The following electronic databases will be searched with no limit on publication date: MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase, Scopus and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. A structured search of the gray literature will also be conducted. Studies will be limited to those published in English. Two reviewers will undertake title and abstract screening, followed by full-text screening. Data extraction will be conducted utilizing a standardized form for included studies, and a narrative summary will accompany the charted results and will describe how the results relate to the review's objective. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/29rd6).

A telephone assessment and advice service within an ED physiotherapy clinic: a single-site quality improvement cohort study.

BACKGROUND: In response to issues with timely access and high non-attendance rates for Emergency Department (ED) physiotherapy, a telephone assessment and advice service was evaluated as part of a quality improvement project. This telehealth option requires minimal resources, with the added benefit of allowing the healthcare professional streamline care. A primary aim was to investigate whether this service model can reduce wait times and non-attendance rates, compared to usual care. A secondary aim was to evaluate service user acceptability. METHODS: This was a single-site quality improvement cohort study that compares data on wait time to first physiotherapy contact, non-attendance rates and participant satisfaction between patients that opted for a service based on initial telephone assessment and advice, versus routine face-to-face appointments. 116 patients were referred for ED physiotherapy over the 3-month pilot at the ED and out-patient physiotherapy department, XMercy University Hospital, Cork, Ireland. 91 patients (78%) opted for the telephone assessment and advice service, with 40% (n=36) contacting the service. 25 patients (22%) opted for the face-to-face service. Data on wait time and non-attendance rates was gathered using the hospital data reporting system. Satisfaction data was collected on discharge using a satisfaction survey adapted from the General Practice Assessment Questionnaire. Independent-samples t-test or Mann Whitney U Test was utilised depending on the distribution of the data. For categorical data, Chi-Square tests were performed. A level of significance of p ≤ 0.05 was set for this study. RESULTS: Those that contacted the telephone assessment and advice service had a significantly reduced wait time (median 6 days; 3-8 days) compared to those that opted for usual care (median 35 days; 19-39 days) (p ≤ 0.05). There was no significant between-group differences for non-attendance rates or satisfaction. CONCLUSION: A telephone assessment and advice service may be useful in minimising delays for advice for those referred to ED Physiotherapy for musculoskeleltal problems. This telehealth option appears to be broadly acceptable and since it can be introduced rapidly, it may be helpful in triaging referrals and minimising face-to-face consultations, in line with COVID-19 recommendations. However, a large scale randomised controlled trial is warranted to confirm these findings.

Untargeted Lipidomics of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus-Infected Cells and Viral Particles.

The viral lifecycle is critically dependent upon host lipids. Enveloped viral entry requires fusion between viral and cellular membranes. Once an infection has occurred, viruses may rely on host lipids for replication and egress. Upon exit, enveloped viruses derive their lipid bilayer from host membranes during the budding process. Furthermore, host lipid metabolism and signaling are often hijacked to facilitate viral replication. We employed an untargeted HILIC-IM-MS lipidomics approach and identified host lipid species that were significantly altered during vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infection. Many glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid species were modified, and ontological enrichment analysis suggested that the alterations to the lipid profile change host membrane properties. Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), which can contribute to membrane curvature and serve as a signaling molecule, was depleted during infection, while several ceramide sphingolipids were augmented during infection. Ceramide and sphingomyelin lipids were also enriched in viral particles, indicating that sphingolipid metabolism is important during VSV infection.

Test-Retest Instability of Temporal Summation and Conditioned Pain Modulation Measures in Older Adults.

OBJECTIVE: The temporal stability (test-retest reliability) of temporal summation of pain (TS) and conditioned pain modulation (CPM) has yet to be established in healthy older adults. The purpose of this study was to compare the temporal stability of TS and CPM in healthy older and younger adults and to investigate factors that might influence TS and CPM stability. METHODS: In a test-retest study, 40 healthy older adults and 30 healthy younger adults completed two sessions of quantitative sensory testing within a two-week period that included TS of heat pain, TS of mechanical pain, and CPM with pressure pain thresholds and suprathreshold heat pain as test stimuli and a cold water immersion as a conditioning stimulus. Participants also completed self-report measures of situational catastrophizing, anxiety, clinical pain, and physical activity. Absolute and relative stability were examined for each variable. Bivariate correlations examined the associations of age, clinical, behavioral, and psychological variables with the intra-individual stability of TS and CPM. RESULTS: The results revealed moderate to excellent stability for the TS measures and poor to moderate stability for CPM. The results also revealed significant age differences for two of the TS measures and CPM, with younger adults having greater stability compared with older adults. Additionally, the magnitude and stability of psychological factors were correlated with stability of TS. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that TS and CPM may be more reliable in younger compared with older adults. Furthermore, psychological states may be an important factor influencing the stability of TS in healthy adults.

Nrf2 Deficiency Exacerbates Cognitive Impairment and Reactive Microgliosis in a Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuroinflammatory Mouse Model.

The transcription factor Nrf2 is a central regulator of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms that contribute to the development and progression of various neurological disorders. Although the direct and indirect Nrf2 regulatory roles on inflammation have been reviewed in recent years, the in vivo evidence of Nrf2 function on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cognitive decline and characteristic alterations of reactive microglia and astrocytes remains incomplete. During the 3-5 days after LPS or saline injection, 5-6-month-old wildtype (WT) and Nrf2-/- C57BL/6 mice were subjected to the novel object recognition task. Immunohistochemistry staining was employed for analyses of brain cells. The Nrf2-/- mice displayed exacerbated LPS-induced cognition impairment (28.1 ± 9.6% in the discrimination index of the novel object recognition task), enhanced hippocampal reactive microgliosis and astrogliosis, and an increased expression level of the water channel transmembrane protein aquaporin 4 when compared with WT controls. In addition, similar overt effects of Nrf2 deficiency on LPS-induced characteristic alterations of brain cells were observed in the cortex and striatum regions of mice. In summary, this transgenic loss-of-function study provides direct in vivo evidence that highlights the functional importance of Nrf2 activation in regulating LPS-induced cognitive alteration, glial responses, and aquaporin 4 expression. This finding provides a better understanding of the complex nature of Nrf2 signaling and neuroprotection.

Development and evaluation of a prospective staffing model to improve retention.

AIMS: To improve predictability and accuracy of hiring using historical staffing data, quality improvement and workforce engagement. BACKGROUND: Twenty-three per cent of newly licensed nurses leave their first job within one year, costing employers $52,100 per nurse replacement. Tools for anticipatory hiring strategies are not available in the literature. METHODS: We used retrospective, secondary data analysis to develop a Prospective Staffing Model and conduct a five-year longitudinal evaluation of the implementation of the model in a convenience sample at a quaternary academic Cardiothoracic Intensive Care Unit. We used a team-based, quality improvement approach to restructure recruitment and hiring strategies, standardize new graduate nurse orientation and implement AACN Healthy Work Environment standards. RESULTS: Over the five-year prospective evaluation period (2014-2018), 388 nurses were hired and included in the evaluation cohort. Retention increased (n = 286 days) and turnover decreased (17.6%) between 2014 and 2018. Improvements in workforce stability were sustained at five years. CONCLUSIONS: Use of a Prospective Staffing Model is associated with improved nurse retention and decreased turnover, and may improve workforce stability. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Results suggest that an innovative tool can mitigate the deleterious effects of turnover, adding to current knowledge and providing a method for anticipatory assessment of local turnover.

Reactive Gliosis Contributes to Nrf2-Dependent Neuroprotection by Pretreatment with Dimethyl Fumarate or Korean Red Ginseng Against Hypoxic-Ischemia: Focus on Hippocampal Injury.

Recently, dimethyl fumarate (DMF) and Korean red ginseng (ginseng), based on their purported antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, have exhibited protective potential in various neurological conditions. Their effects on cerebral ischemia and underlying mechanisms remain inconclusive; however, increasing evidence indicates the involvement of the transcriptional factor Nrf2. This study evaluated the preventive effects of DMF and ginseng on hippocampal neuronal damage following hypoxia-ischemia (HI) and assessed the contributions of reactive gliosis and the Nrf2 pathway. Adult wild type (WT) and Nrf2-/- mice were pretreated with DMF or ginseng for 7 days prior to HI. At 24 h after HI, DMF or ginseng significantly reduced infarct volume (52.5 ± 12.3% and 47.8 ± 10.7%), brain edema (61.5 ± 17.4% and 39.3 ± 12.8%), and hippocampal CA1 neuronal degeneration, and induced expressions of Nrf2 target proteins in WT, but not Nrf2-/-, mice. Such hippocampal neuroprotective benefits were also observed at 6 h and 7 days after HI. The dynamic attenuation of reactive gliosis in microglia and astrocytes correlated well with this sustained neuroprotection in an Nrf2-dependent manner. In both early and late stages of HI, astrocytic dysfunctions in extracellular glutamate clearance and water transport, as indicated by glutamine synthetase and aquaporin 4, were also attenuated after HI in WT, but not Nrf2-/-, mice treated with DMF or ginseng. Together, DMF and ginseng confer robust and prolonged Nrf2-dependent neuroprotection against ischemic hippocampal damage. The salutary Nrf2-dependent attenuation of reactive gliosis may contribute to this neuroprotection, offering new insight into the cellular basis of an Nrf2-targeting strategy for stroke prevention or treatment.

3D microphotonic probe for high resolution deep tissue imaging.

Ultra-compact miniaturized optical components for microendoscopic tools and miniaturized microscopes are required for minimally invasive imaging. Current microendoscopic technologies used for deep tissue imaging procedures are limited to a large diameter and/or low resolution due to manufacturing restrictions. We demonstrate a platform for miniaturization of an optical imaging system for microendoscopic applications with a resolution of 1 µm. We designed our probe using cascaded micro-lenses and waveguides (lensguide) to achieve a probe as small as 100 µm x 100 µm with a field of view of 60 µm in diameter. We demonstrate wide-field microscopy based on our polymeric probe fabricated using photolithography and a two-photon polymerization process.

Nrf2 Plays an Essential Role in Long-Term Brain Damage and Neuroprotection of Korean Red Ginseng in a Permanent Cerebral Ischemia Model.

Cerebral ischemia is a devastating disease with a high incidence of death and disability; however, effective therapeutics remain limited. The transcriptional factor Nrf2 has been shown to play a pivotal role in the endogenous defense against brain oxidative stress and inflammation, and therefore represents a promising target for stroke intervention. However, the long-term effects of Nrf2 and the standardized Korean red ginseng (ginseng), a potent Nrf2 natural inducer, on permanent cerebral ischemic damage have not yet been reported. Wildtype (WT) and Nrf2-/- adult mice were pretreated with either vehicle or ginseng, and were subjected to permanent distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (pdMCAO). The infarct volume, the reactive astrocytes and microglia, and the water regulatory protein aquaporin 4 (AQP4) were examined at 28 days after stroke. When compared with the WT matched controls, the Nrf2 disruption significantly enlarged the infarct volume (40.4 ± 10.1%) and exacerbated the progression of reactive gliosis and AQP4 protein levels after pdMCAO. In contrast, ginseng significantly reduced the infarct volume and attenuated the reactive gliosis and AQP4 in the ischemic WT mice (47.3 ± 6.9%), but not in the Nrf2-/- mice (25.5 ± 5.6%). In conclusion, Nrf2 plays an important role in the long-term recovery of permanent cerebral ischemic damage and the neuroprotection of ginseng.

Chemoselective Carbonyl Allylations with Alkoxyallylsiletanes.

Alkoxyallylsiletanes are capable of highly chemo- and diastereoselective carbonyl allylsilylations. Reactive substrates include salicylaldehydes and glyoxylic acids. Chemoselectivity in these reactions is thought to arise from a mechanism involving first exchange of the alkyoxy group on silicon with a substrate hydroxyl followed by activation of a nearby carbonyl by the Lewis acidic siletane and intramolecular allylation. In this way, substrates containing multiple reactive carbonyl groups (e.g., dialdehyde or triketone) can be selectively monoallylated, even overcoming inherent electrophilicity bias.

Correction to: Burden of caregivers of adult patients with schizophrenia in a predominantly African ancestry population.

In the original publication, the co-author name Kelly-Marie Chen was misspelled and Shenae Miller was missed in the author group. The correct author group has been provided in this correction.