Outreach, engagement, and practical assistance: essential aspects of PTSD care for urban victims of violent crime.

The purpose of this article is to examine the literature on the increased risk factors of disadvantaged inner-city residents for becoming victims of violence and for developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and barriers to accessing comprehensive mental health services. Second, the article discusses the limitations of evidence-based treatments for early intervention with urban victims of violence and provides a new model of care emphasizing outreach, engagement, and practical assistance. Finally, the article concludes with recommendations for comprehensive hospital-based urban programs in terms of practice, policy, and research.