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1.
Oncologist ; 26(11): 950-955, 2021 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34342086

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Grade 3 gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (G3 GEPNENs) are often aggressive, and the optimal treatment is unclear for this subgroup of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs). Temozolomide (TEM)-based regimens have been increasingly used to treat grade 1-2 NENs, but their efficacy in G3 NENs remains undetermined. We aimed to assess the clinical efficacy of TEM-containing regimens in advanced grade 3 GEPNENs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A multicenter retrospective review (2008-2018) of patients with metastatic/unresectable G3 GEPNENs who received a TEM-containing regimen was undertaken within a North American partnership to pool data. The primary endpoint was time to treatment failure (TTF). Radiologic response was extracted from local reports. RESULTS: One hundred and thirty patients in six high-volume NEN centers were included (median age 55, 64% male, 18% functional, 67% pancreatic NEN). Forty-nine percent were well-differentiated, 35% poorly differentiated, and 15% unknown based on local pathology reports. The regimen used was capecitabine and temozolomide (CAPTEM) in 92% and TEM alone in 8%. Radiological response by local assessment was seen in 36% of patients. Median TTF was 3.6 months and median overall survival (OS) 19.2 months. Six percent of patients required discontinuation of therapy due to adverse events. TTF was longer in first-line treatment (7.8 months vs. 2.9 months; hazard ratio, 1.62; 95% confidence interval, 1.11-2.36; p = .015) and in patients with pancreatic NENs (panNENs) compared with gastrointestinal NENs (5.8 months vs 1.8 months; p = .04). The overall response rate was higher in the first-line setting (51% vs 29%; p = .02) and in panNEN (41% vs 23%; p = .04). CONCLUSION: This is the largest TEM treatment series in G3 NEN, involving collaboration of several major North American NEN centers as a partnership. Thirty-six percent of patients showed some degree of radiographic response, and treatment was generally well tolerated, although the median duration of response was short. Response rates and time to treatment failure were superior in the first-line setting. CAPTEM should be considered a viable treatment option in this setting. Further randomized trials are warranted. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are heterogeneous, and optimal treatment for aggressive grade 3 (G3) NENs remains undetermined. The capecitabine and temozolomide (CAPTEM) regimen has been used in low-grade pancreas NENs but there are few data for its safety and efficacy in the G3 setting. This article reports on the efficacy of temozolomide-containing regimens, particularly CAPTEM, in management of G3 NENs. The good tolerance and response rate show that CAPTEM should be considered a viable regimen in treatment of G3 NENs pending confirmatory prospective studies.


Assuntos
Neoplasias , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Temozolomida/uso terapêutico
2.
Clin Diabetes ; 38(1): 40-46, 2020 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31975750

RESUMO

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. In the era of interferon-based HCV therapy, type 2 diabetes was associated with decreased likelihood of sustained virologic response (SVR). Preliminary studies suggest that type 2 diabetes may not reduce the efficacy of regimens involving direct-acting antiviral (DAA) medications. We aimed to determine whether preexisting type 2 diabetes is associated with a reduced rate of SVR achieved 12 weeks after treatment of HCV with DAA-based regimens.

3.
J Clin Oncol ; 38(1): 71-80, 2020 01 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31644329

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Adrenocortical carcinomas (ACC) are rare and aggressive malignancies with limited treatment options. This study was undertaken to evaluate the immunogenicity of ACC. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with advanced ACC were enrolled in a phase II study to evaluate the clinical activity of pembrolizumab 200 mg every 3 weeks, without restriction on prior therapy. The primary end point was objective response rate. Efficacy was correlated with tumor programmed death-ligand 1 expression, microsatellite-high and/or mismatch repair deficient (MSI-H/MMR-D) status, and somatic and germline genomic correlates. RESULTS: We enrolled 39 patients with advanced ACC and herein report after a median follow-up of 17.8 months (range, 5.4 months to 34.7 months). The objective response rate to pembrolizumab was 23% (nine patients; 95% CI, 11% to 39%), and the disease control rate was 52% (16 patients; 95% CI, 33% to 69%). The median duration of response was not reached (lower 95% CI, 4.1 months). Two of six patients with MSI-H/MMR-D tumors responded. The other seven patients with objective responses had microsatellite stable tumors. The median progression-free survival was 2.1 months (95% CI, 2.0 months to 10.7 months), and the median overall survival was 24.9 months (95% CI, 4.2 months to not reached). Thirteen percent of patients (n = 5) had treatment-related grade 3 or 4 adverse events. Tumor programmed death-ligand 1 expression and MSI-H/MMR-D status were not associated with objective response. CONCLUSION: MSI-H/MMR-D tumors, for which pembrolizumab is a standard therapy, are more common in ACC than has been recognized. In advanced ACC that is microsatellite stable, pembrolizumab provided clinically meaningful and durable antitumor activity with a manageable safety profile.


Assuntos
Neoplasias do Córtex Suprarrenal/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma Adrenocortical/tratamento farmacológico , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/administração & dosagem , Antineoplásicos Imunológicos/administração & dosagem , Receptor de Morte Celular Programada 1/antagonistas & inibidores , Neoplasias do Córtex Suprarrenal/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias do Córtex Suprarrenal/imunologia , Carcinoma Adrenocortical/diagnóstico por imagem , Carcinoma Adrenocortical/imunologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/efeitos adversos , Antineoplásicos Imunológicos/efeitos adversos , Esquema de Medicação , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Receptor de Morte Celular Programada 1/imunologia , Taxa de Sobrevida , Adulto Jovem
4.
J Clin Oncol ; 37(11): 912-922, 2019 04 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30742566

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma (iNHL) remains largely incurable and often requires multiple lines of treatment after becoming refractory to standard therapies. Duvelisib was approved by the Food and Drug Administration for relapsed or refractory (RR) chronic lymphocytic leukemia or small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) and RR follicular lymphoma (FL) after two or more prior systemic therapies. On the basis of the activity of duvelisib, a first-in-class oral dual inhibitor of phosphoinositide 3-kinase-δ,-γ, in RR iNHL in a phase I study, the safety and efficacy of duvelisib monotherapy was evaluated in iNHL refractory to rituximab and either chemotherapy or radioimmunotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eligible patients had measurable iNHL (FL, SLL, or marginal zone B-cell lymphoma) double refractory to rituximab (monotherapy or in combination) and to either chemotherapy or radioimmunotherapy. All were treated with duvelisib 25 mg orally twice daily in 28-day cycles until progression, unacceptable toxicity, or death. The primary end point was overall response rate (ORR) using the revised International Working Group criteria for malignant lymphoma. RESULTS: This open-label, global phase II trial enrolled 129 patients (median age, 65 years; median of three prior lines of therapy) with an ORR of 47.3% (SLL, 67.9%; FL, 42.2%; MZL, 38.9%). The estimated median duration of response was 10 months, and the estimated median progression-free survival was 9.5 months. The most frequent any-grade treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were diarrhea (48.8%), nausea (29.5%), neutropenia (28.7%), fatigue (27.9%), and cough (27.1%). Among the 88.4% of patients with at least one grade 3 or greater TEAE, the most common TEAEs were neutropenia (24.8%), diarrhea (14.7%), anemia (14.7%), and thrombocytopenia (11.6%). CONCLUSION: In the DYNAMO study, oral duvelisib monotherapy demonstrated clinically meaningful activity and a manageable safety profile in heavily pretreated, double-refractory iNHL, consistent with previous observations. Duvelisib may provide a new oral treatment option for this patient population of which many are elderly and in need of additional therapies.


Assuntos
Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores Enzimáticos/uso terapêutico , Isoquinolinas/uso terapêutico , Linfoma não Hodgkin/tratamento farmacológico , Purinas/uso terapêutico , Administração Oral , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/efeitos adversos , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/uso terapêutico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Diarreia/induzido quimicamente , Esquema de Medicação , Inibidores Enzimáticos/administração & dosagem , Inibidores Enzimáticos/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , Isoquinolinas/administração & dosagem , Isoquinolinas/efeitos adversos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Linfoma não Hodgkin/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/metabolismo , Purinas/administração & dosagem , Purinas/efeitos adversos , Rituximab/administração & dosagem
5.
Blood ; 132(23): 2446-2455, 2018 12 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30287523

RESUMO

Duvelisib (also known as IPI-145) is an oral, dual inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase δ and γ (PI3K-δ,γ) being developed for treatment of hematologic malignancies. PI3K-δ,γ signaling can promote B-cell proliferation and survival in clonal B-cell malignancies, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL). In a phase 1 study, duvelisib showed clinically meaningful activity and acceptable safety in CLL/SLL patients. We report here the results of DUO, a global phase 3 randomized study of duvelisib vs ofatumumab monotherapy for patients with relapsed or refractory (RR) CLL/SLL. Patients were randomized 1:1 to oral duvelisib 25 mg twice daily (n = 160) or ofatumumab IV (n = 159). The study met the primary study end point by significantly improving progression-free survival per independent review committee assessment compared with ofatumumab for all patients (median, 13.3 months vs 9.9 months; hazard ratio [HR] = 0.52; P < .0001), including those with high-risk chromosome 17p13.1 deletions [del(17p)] and/or TP53 mutations (HR = 0.40; P = .0002). The overall response rate was significantly higher with duvelisib (74% vs 45%; P < .0001) regardless of del(17p) status. The most common adverse events were diarrhea, neutropenia, pyrexia, nausea, anemia, and cough on the duvelisib arm, and neutropenia and infusion reactions on the ofatumumab arm. The DUO trial data support duvelisib as a potentially effective treatment option for patients with RR CLL/SLL. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02004522.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais/administração & dosagem , Isoquinolinas/administração & dosagem , Leucemia Linfocítica Crônica de Células B/tratamento farmacológico , Leucemia Linfocítica Crônica de Células B/mortalidade , Purinas/administração & dosagem , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Anticorpos Monoclonais/efeitos adversos , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados , Deleção Cromossômica , Cromossomos Humanos Par 17 , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Isoquinolinas/efeitos adversos , Leucemia Linfocítica Crônica de Células B/genética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Purinas/efeitos adversos , Recidiva , Síndrome de Smith-Magenis , Taxa de Sobrevida , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/genética
6.
Sci Rep ; 8(1): 13930, 2018 09 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30224769

RESUMO

Pediatric high-grade brain tumors and adult glioblastoma are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Oncolytic herpes simplex virus-1 (oHSV) is a promising approach to target brain tumors; oHSV G207 and M032 (encodes human interleukin-12) are currently in phase I clinical trials in children with malignant supratentorial brain tumors and adults with glioblastoma, respectively. We sought to compare the sensitivity of patient-derived pediatric malignant brain tumor and adult glioblastoma xenografts to these clinically-relevant oHSV. In so doing we found that pediatric brain tumors were more sensitive to the viruses and expressed significantly more nectin-1 (CD111) than adult glioblastoma. Pediatric embryonal and glial tumors were 74-fold and 14-fold more sensitive to M002 and 16-fold and 6-fold more sensitive to G207 than adult glioblastoma, respectively. Of note, pediatric embryonal tumors were more sensitive than glial tumors. Differences in sensitivity may be due in part to nectin-1 expression, which predicted responses to the viruses. Treatment with oHSV resulted in prolonged survival in both pediatric and adult intracranial patient-dervied tumor xenograft models. Our results suggest that pediatric brain tumors are ideal targets for oHSV and that brain tumor expression of nectin-1 may be a useful biomarker to predict patient response to oHSV.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Encefálicas/genética , Neoplasias Encefálicas/virologia , Herpesvirus Humano 1/genética , Nectinas/genética , Vírus Oncolíticos/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Animais , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Criança , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Glioblastoma/genética , Glioblastoma/virologia , Xenoenxertos/virologia , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos Nus , Terapia Viral Oncolítica/métodos , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de Xenoenxerto/métodos
7.
Am J Hematol ; 93(11): 1318-1326, 2018 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30094870

RESUMO

Duvelisib (IPI-145), an oral, dual inhibitor of phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)-δ and -γ, was evaluated in a Phase 1 study in advanced hematologic malignancies, which included expansion cohorts in relapsed/refractory (RR) chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) and treatment-naïve (TN) CLL. Per protocol, TN patients were at least 65 years old or had a del(17p)/TP53 mutation. Duvelisib was administered twice daily (BID) in 28-day cycles at doses of 8-75 mg in RR patients (n = 55) and 25 mg in TN patients (n = 18.) Diarrhea was the most common nonhematologic AE (TN 78%, RR 47%); transaminase elevations the most frequent lab-abnormality AE (TN 33.3%, RR 30.9%); and neutropenia the most common ≥grade 3 AE (RR 44%, TN 33%). The overall response rates were 56.4% for RR patients (1.8% CR, 54.5% PR) and 83.3% for TN patients (all PRs); median response duration was 21.0 months in RR patients but was not reached for TN patients. Based upon phase 1 efficacy, pharmacodynamics, and safety, duvelisib 25 mg BID was selected for further investigation in a phase 3 study in RR CLL/SLL.


Assuntos
Isoquinolinas/administração & dosagem , Leucemia Linfocítica Crônica de Células B/tratamento farmacológico , Purinas/administração & dosagem , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Isoquinolinas/efeitos adversos , Isoquinolinas/farmacocinética , Leucemia Linfocítica Crônica de Células B/complicações , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neutropenia/induzido quimicamente , Inibidores de Fosfoinositídeo-3 Quinase , Purinas/efeitos adversos , Purinas/farmacocinética , Indução de Remissão/métodos , Transaminases/efeitos dos fármacos , Resultado do Tratamento
8.
Am J Hematol ; 93(11): 1311-1317, 2018 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30033575

RESUMO

Duvelisib (IPI-145) is an oral dual inhibitor of phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)-δ and -γ in clinical development for the treatment of hematologic malignancies, including indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma (iNHL). In a Phase 1, open-label study to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, clinical activity, and safety of duvelisib monotherapy in patients with advanced hematologic malignancies, duvelisib was administered at eight dose levels (8-100 mg BID) in a dose-escalation phase (n = 31 evaluable patients). Two dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs), Grade 3 transaminase elevations and Grade 3 rash, occurred at 100 mg BID, and the MTD was determined to be 75 mg BID. Across all doses, 58.1% of iNHL patients had a response (19.4% complete, 35.5% partial, and 3.2% minor); median time to response was 1.84 months and duration of response was 16.9 months. Median progression-free survival was 14.7 months, and the probability of overall survival at 24 months was 71.7%. Severe (Grade ≥ 3) adverse events included elevated liver enzymes (38.7%), diarrhea (25.8%), and neutropenia (29.0%). Three patients, all in the 75 mg BID cohort, experienced fatal AEs: E. coli sepsis, acute respiratory failure, and fungal pneumonia. No iNHL patients experienced Pneumocystis pneumonia. Duvelisib demonstrated favorable clinical activity and an acceptable safety profile in these high-risk, heavily pretreated, relapsed/refractory iNHL patients, with 25 mg BID selected for further clinical development.


Assuntos
Isoquinolinas/administração & dosagem , Linfoma não Hodgkin/tratamento farmacológico , Purinas/administração & dosagem , Adulto , Idoso , Exantema/induzido quimicamente , Feminino , Humanos , Isoquinolinas/toxicidade , Linfoma não Hodgkin/complicações , Linfoma não Hodgkin/mortalidade , Masculino , Dose Máxima Tolerável , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inibidores de Fosfoinositídeo-3 Quinase , Purinas/toxicidade , Análise de Sobrevida , Transaminases/efeitos dos fármacos , Resultado do Tratamento
9.
Blood ; 131(8): 877-887, 2018 02 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29191916

RESUMO

Duvelisib is an oral dual inhibitor of phosphoinositide 3-kinase-δ (PI3K-δ) and PI3K-γ in late-stage clinical development for hematologic malignancy treatment. This phase 1 study evaluated maximum tolerated dose (MTD), pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics (PD), efficacy, and safety of duvelisib in 210 patients with advanced hematologic malignancies. In the dose escalation phase (n = 31), duvelisib 8 to 100 mg twice daily was administered, with MTD determined as 75 mg twice daily. In the expansion phase (n = 179), patients with indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma (iNHL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), or T-cell lymphoma (TCL) were treated with 25 or 75 mg duvelisib twice daily continuously. Single-dose duvelisib was rapidly absorbed (time to maximum concentration, 1-2 hours), with a half-life of 5.2 to 10.9 hours. PD results showed inhibition of phospho-AKT (S473) in CLL tumor cells following a single dose and near-complete inhibition of CLL proliferation (Ki-67) by cycle 2. Clinical responses were seen across a range of doses and disease subtypes: iNHL overall response rate, 58% (n = 31) with 6 complete responses (CRs); relapsed/refractory CLL, 56% (n = 55) with 1 CR; peripheral TCL, 50% (n = 16) with 3 CR; and cutaneous TCL, 32% (n = 19). Median time to response was ∼1.8 months. Severe (grade ≥3) adverse events occurred in 84% of patients: neutropenia (32%), alanine transaminase increase (20%), aspartate transaminase increase (15%), anemia and thrombocytopenia (each 14%), diarrhea (11%), and pneumonia (10%). These data support further investigation of duvelisib in phase 2 and 3 studies. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01476657.


Assuntos
Classe I de Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/antagonistas & inibidores , Neoplasias Hematológicas/tratamento farmacológico , Isoquinolinas/administração & dosagem , Isoquinolinas/farmacocinética , Inibidores de Fosfoinositídeo-3 Quinase , Purinas/administração & dosagem , Purinas/farmacocinética , Administração Oral , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Classe Ib de Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinase , Feminino , Neoplasias Hematológicas/enzimologia , Neoplasias Hematológicas/patologia , Humanos , Isoquinolinas/farmacologia , Masculino , Dose Máxima Tolerável , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Purinas/farmacologia , Segurança , Distribuição Tecidual
10.
Blood ; 131(8): 888-898, 2018 02 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29233821

RESUMO

Duvelisib (IPI-145) is an oral inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-δ/γ isoforms currently in clinical development. PI3K-δ/γ inhibition may directly inhibit malignant T-cell growth, making duvelisib a promising candidate for patients with peripheral (PTCL) or cutaneous (CTCL) T-cell lymphoma. Inhibition of either isoform may also contribute to clinical responses by modulating nonmalignant immune cells. We investigated these dual effects in a TCL cohort from a phase 1, open-label study of duvelisib in patients with relapsed or refractory PTCL (n = 16) and CTCL (n = 19), along with in vitro and in vivo models of TCL. The overall response rates in patients with PTCL and CTCL were 50.0% and 31.6%, respectively (P = .32). There were 3 complete responses, all among patients with PTCL. Activity was seen across a wide spectrum of subtypes. The most frequently observed grade 3 and 4 adverse events were transaminase increases (40% alanine aminotransferase, 17% aspartate aminotransferase), maculopapular rash (17%), and neutropenia (17%). Responders and nonresponders had markedly different changes in serum cytokine profiles induced by duvelisib. In vitro, duvelisib potently killed 3 of 4 TCL lines with constitutive phospho-AKT (pAKT) vs 0 of 7 lines lacking pAKT (P = .024) and exceeded cell killing by the PI3K-δ-specific inhibitor idelalisib. Administration of duvelisib to mice engrafted with a PTCL patient-derived xenograft resulted in a shift among tumor-associated macrophages from the immunosuppressive M2-like phenotype to the inflammatory M1-like phenotype. In summary, duvelisib demonstrated promising clinical activity and an acceptable safety profile in relapsed/refractory TCL, as well as preclinical evidence of both tumor cell-autonomous and immune-mediated effects. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01476657.


Assuntos
Classe I de Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/antagonistas & inibidores , Isoquinolinas/administração & dosagem , Isoquinolinas/farmacocinética , Linfoma Cutâneo de Células T/tratamento farmacológico , Linfoma de Células T Periférico/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores de Fosfoinositídeo-3 Quinase , Purinas/administração & dosagem , Purinas/farmacocinética , Neoplasias Cutâneas/tratamento farmacológico , Administração Oral , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Classe Ib de Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinase , Feminino , Humanos , Isoquinolinas/farmacologia , Linfoma Cutâneo de Células T/enzimologia , Linfoma Cutâneo de Células T/patologia , Linfoma de Células T Periférico/enzimologia , Linfoma de Células T Periférico/patologia , Masculino , Dose Máxima Tolerável , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Purinas/farmacologia , Segurança , Neoplasias Cutâneas/enzimologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologia , Distribuição Tecidual
11.
JCO Precis Oncol ; 20182018.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30687805

RESUMO

PURPOSE: We assessed the usefulness of real-time molecular profiling through next-generation sequencing (NGS) in predicting the tumor biology of advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (panNETs) and in characterizing genomic evolution. METHODS: Patients with metastatic panNETs were recruited in the routine clinical practice setting (between May 2014 and March 2017) for prospective NGS of their tumors as well as for germline analysis using the Memorial Sloan Kettering-Integrated Mutation Profiling of Actionable Cancer Targets (MSK-IMPACT) sequencing platform. When possible, NGS was performed at multiple time points. RESULTS: NGS was performed in 96 tumor samples from 80 patients. Somatic alterations were identified in 76 of 80 patients (95%). The most commonly altered genes were MEN1 (56%), DAXX (40%), ATRX (25%), and TSC2 (25%). Alterations could be defined in pathways that included chromatin remodeling factors, histone methyltransferases, and mammalian target of rapamycin pathway genes. Somatic loss of heterozygosity was particularly prevalent (50 of 96 samples [52%]), and the presence of loss of heterozygosity resulted in inferior overall survival (P < .01). Sequencing of pre- and post-treatment samples revealed tumor-grade progression; clonal evolution patterns were also seen (molecular resistance mechanisms and chemotherapy-associated mutagenesis). Germline genetic analysis identified clinically actionable pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in 14 of 88 patients (16%), including mutations in high-penetrance cancer susceptibility genes (MEN1, TSC2, and VHL). CONCLUSION: A clinical NGS platform reveals pertubations of biologic pathways in metastatic panNETs that may inform prognosis and direct therapies. Repeat sequencing at disease progression reveals increasing tumor grade and genetic evolution, demonstrating that panNETs adopt a more aggressive behavior through time and therapies. In addition to frequent somatic mutations in MEN1 and TSC2, germline mutations in these same genes underlie susceptibility to panNETs and highlight the need to re-evaluate whether germline genetic analysis should be performed for all patients with panNETs.

12.
Mol Ther Oncolytics ; 7: 27-36, 2017 Dec 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29034313

RESUMO

Despite advances in conventional chemotherapy, surgical techniques, and radiation, outcomes for patients with relapsed, refractory, or metastatic soft tissue sarcomas are dismal. Survivors often suffer from lasting morbidity from current treatments. New targeted therapies with less toxicity, such as those that harness the immune system, and immunocompetent murine sarcoma models to test these therapies are greatly needed. We characterized two new serendipitous murine models of undifferentiated sarcoma (SARC-28 and SARC-45) and tested their sensitivity to virotherapy with oncolytic herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1). Both models expressed high levels of the primary HSV entry molecule nectin-1 (CD111) and were susceptible to killing by interleukin-12 (IL-12) producing HSV-1 M002 in vitro and in vivo. M002 resulted in a significant intratumoral increase in effector CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and activated monocytes, and a decrease in myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in immunocompetent mice. Compared to parent virus R3659 (no IL-12 production), M002 resulted in higher CD8:MDSC and CD8:T regulatory cell (Treg) ratios, suggesting that M002 creates a more favorable immune tumor microenvironment. These data provide support for clinical trials targeting sarcomas with oncolytic HSV-1. These models provide an exciting opportunity to explore combination therapies for soft tissue sarcomas that rely on an intact immune system to reach full therapeutic potential.

15.
Ann. hepatol ; 16(2): 215-220, Mar.-Apr. 2017. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-887225

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Introduction and aim. The effect of the new direct acting antiviral drugs (DAAs) for chronic hepatitis C (HCV) on glycemic control is unknown. Materials and methods. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients who were treated for chronic HCV with direct-acting antiviral medications at a single academic institution between May 2013 and April 2016. Univariate analysis was performed comparing subjects pre- and post-treatment. Results. One hundred seventy-five consecutive adult patients were treated for chronic HCV and met enrollment criteria. The majority (80.8%) were genotype 1 and overall cohort sustained virologic response at week 12 (SVR12) was 97.8%. Thirty-one (18.5%) had diabetes mellitus (DM); twenty-six had pre- and post-treatment HbA1c values. Of these, 76.9% were male and 61.5% had cirrhosis. Ninety-six percent were prescribed sofosbuvir-based therapy and all but one (96.8%) achieved SVR12. Three patients were started on treatment despite meeting the definition for poorly controlled DM (HbA1c > 9 mg/dL). There was no significant difference when comparing pre-treatment (7.36 mg/dL, 95% CI 6.55-8.16) to post-treatment HbA1c (7.11 mg/dL, 95% CI 6.34-7.88, p = 0.268). Thirty-one percent of subjects required dose escalation or the initiation of insulin based therapy during treatment. Discussion. Although chronic HCV is associated with exacerbation of insulin resistance, our results showed HbA1c to be unaffected by eradication of chronic HCV with DAA in diabetic patients with and without cirrhosis. Paradoxically, almost 1/3 of patients required escalation of anti-diabetic therapy during treatment. Long-term studies are warranted to understand the relationship between HCV viral eradication and insulin metabolism.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Antivirais/farmacologia , Hepatite C Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Índice Glicêmico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudos de Coortes , Diabetes Mellitus/patologia , Insulina/metabolismo
16.
Ann Hepatol ; 16(2): 215-220, 2017.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31153414

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION AND AIM: The effect of the new direct acting antiviral drugs (DAAs) for chronic hepatitis C (HCV) on glycemic control is unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients who were treated for chronic HCV with direct-acting antiviral medications at a single academic institution between May 2013 and April 2016. Univariate analysis was performed comparing subjects pre- and post-treatment. RESULTS: One hundred seventy-five consecutive adult patients were treated for chronic HCV and met enrollment criteria. The majority (80.8%) were genotype 1 and overall cohort sustained virologic response at week 12 (SVR12) was 97.8%. Thirty-one (18.5%) had diabetes mellitus (DM); twenty-six had pre- and post-treatment HbA1c values. Of these, 76.9% were male and 61.5% had cirrhosis. Ninety-six percent were prescribed sofosbuvir-based therapy and all but one (96.8%) achieved SVR12. Three patients were started on treatment despite meeting the definition for poorly controlled DM (HbA1c > 9 mg/dL). There was no significant difference when comparing pre-treatment (7.36 mg/dL, 95% CI 6.55-8.16) to post-treatment HbA1c (7.11 mg/dL, 95% CI 6.34-7.88, p = 0.268). Thirty-one percent of subjects required dose escalation or the initiation of insulin based therapy during treatment. DISCUSSION: Although chronic HCV is associated with exacerbation of insulin resistance, our results showed HbA1c to be unaffected by eradication of chronic HCV with DAA in diabetic patients with and without cirrhosis. Paradoxically, almost 1/3 of patients required escalation of anti-diabetic therapy during treatment. Long-term studies are warranted to understand the relationship between HCV viral eradication and insulin metabolism.

17.
Neuro Oncol ; 18(2): 227-35, 2016 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26188016

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Childhood medulloblastoma is associated with significant morbidity and mortality that is compounded by neurotoxicity for the developing brain caused by current therapies, including surgery, craniospinal radiation, and chemotherapy. Innate therapeutic resistance of some aggressive pediatric medulloblastoma has been attributed to a subpopulation of cells, termed cancer-initiating cells or cancer stemlike cells (CSCs), marked by the surface protein CD133 or CD15. Brain tumors characteristically contain areas of pathophysiologic hypoxia, which has been shown to drive the CSC phenotype leading to heightened invasiveness, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Novel therapies that target medulloblastoma CSCs are needed to improve outcomes and decrease toxicity. We hypothesized that oncolytic engineered herpes simplex virus (oHSV) therapy could effectively infect and kill pediatric medulloblastoma cells, including CSCs marked by CD133 or CD15. METHODS: Using 4 human pediatric medulloblastoma xenografts, including 3 molecular subgroup 3 tumors, which portend worse patient outcomes, we determined the expression of CD133, CD15, and the primary HSV-1 entry molecule nectin-1 (CD111) by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis. Infectability and cytotoxicity of clinically relevant oHSVs (G207 and M002) were determined in vitro and in vivo by FACS, immunofluorescent staining, cytotoxicity assays, and murine survival studies. RESULTS: We demonstrate that hypoxia increased the CD133+ cell fraction, while having the opposite effect on CD15 expression. We established that all 4 xenografts, including the CSCs, expressed CD111 and were highly sensitive to killing by G207 or M002. CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric medulloblastoma, including Group 3 tumors, may be an excellent target for oHSV virotherapy, and a clinical trial in medulloblastoma is warranted.


Assuntos
Antígenos CD/metabolismo , Neoplasias Cerebelares/terapia , Fucosiltransferases/metabolismo , Glicoproteínas/metabolismo , Antígenos CD15/metabolismo , Meduloblastoma/terapia , Terapia Viral Oncolítica , Vírus Oncolíticos/genética , Peptídeos/metabolismo , Antígeno AC133 , Animais , Apoptose , Proliferação de Células , Neoplasias Cerebelares/metabolismo , Neoplasias Cerebelares/patologia , Criança , Humanos , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Meduloblastoma/metabolismo , Meduloblastoma/patologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Nus , Células Tumorais Cultivadas , Replicação Viral , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de Xenoenxerto
18.
Invest New Drugs ; 33(4): 942-53, 2015 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26084989

RESUMO

PURPOSE: This phase 1 study assessed the pharmacokinetics (PK), maximum tolerated dose (MTD)/recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D), safety, and preliminary efficacy of the investigational Aurora A kinase inhibitor, alisertib, in East Asian patients with advanced solid tumors or lymphomas. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients received alisertib twice-daily (BID) for 7 days in 21-day cycles. Doses were escalated (3 + 3) from 30 mg BID based on cycle 1 dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) until the MTD, followed by expansion for PK/safety characterization. RESULTS: Thirty-six patients (61 % Chinese, 36 % Korean, 3 % Malay) received alisertib (30 mg BID, n = 30; 40 mg BID, n = 6; median, 2.5 cycles). Alisertib exposures increased approximately dose proportionally, and mean half-life was 16 h. Geometric mean apparent oral clearance (2.65 L/h) was 40 % lower than previous estimates in Western patients, resulting in approximately 70 % higher mean dose-normalized, steady-state exposures (735 nM*h/mg) in East Asian patients. Two patients experienced DLTs at 40 mg BID (grade 3 stomatitis; grade 4 neutropenia); the MTD/RP2D was 30 mg BID. Common toxicities (grade ≥3 at RP2D) were neutropenia (50 %), diarrhea (13 %), and stomatitis (10 %). One patient with extranodal T-/NK-cell lymphoma (nasal type) achieved a partial response and 18 (51 %) had stable disease. CONCLUSION: The MTD/RP2D of alisertib in East Asian patients (30 mg BID) was lower than in Western patients (50 mg BID), consistent with higher systemic exposures in the East Asian population. Alisertib was generally well tolerated and showed signs of antitumor activity in East Asian cancer patients.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos , Aurora Quinase A/antagonistas & inibidores , Azepinas , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases , Pirimidinas , Adulto , Idoso , Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Antineoplásicos/farmacocinética , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Povo Asiático , Azepinas/administração & dosagem , Azepinas/efeitos adversos , Azepinas/farmacocinética , Azepinas/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Dose Máxima Tolerável , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/administração & dosagem , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/efeitos adversos , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacocinética , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/uso terapêutico , Pirimidinas/administração & dosagem , Pirimidinas/efeitos adversos , Pirimidinas/farmacocinética , Pirimidinas/uso terapêutico , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto Jovem
19.
Postgrad Med ; 127(4): 413-7, 2015 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25746436

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Obtaining a sustained virologic response (SVR) in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) can decrease hepatic complications and be curative, however, extrahepatic manifestations including mixed cryoglobulinemia (MCN) may persist with interferon-based therapy. Our objective was to review our experience in treating patients with new oral antiviral agents and to assess common factors associated with MCN persistence despite SVR. METHODS: We analyzed a case series of five patients with genotype one chronic HCV complicated by MCN who had persistence of cryoglobulins despite completion of triple therapy with oral antiviral agents (boceprivir, telaprivir or sofosbuvir). RESULTS: Patients with cirrhosis appear to have a decreased ability to clear immune complexes. We observed that early viral response by week 8 of therapy and longer periods of undetectable virus on treatment correlated with eventual clearance of serum cryoglobulins in patients without cirrhosis. Two patients were treated with anti-B-cell agent rituximab prior to starting therapy for HCV; this did not lead to a more effective clearance of cryoglobulins. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that a longer treatment course than the standard 24 weeks with triple therapy could aid in the clearance of these immune complexes and cryoglobulins in cirrhotics. More studies to determine the ideal duration of treatment for chronic HCV and coincident MCN are needed, especially in light of the new all oral direct-acting antiviral regimens that are now recommended for HCV treatment.


Assuntos
Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Crioglobulinemia/etiologia , Hepatite C Crônica/complicações , Hepatite C Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Uridina Monofosfato/análogos & derivados , Administração Oral , Adulto , Antivirais/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Sofosbuvir , Uridina Monofosfato/administração & dosagem , Uridina Monofosfato/uso terapêutico
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