Práticas Pedagógicas Inclusivas Bilíngues de Letramento para Estudantes Surdos / Inclusive Bilingual Pedagogical Practices of Literacy for Deaf Students

RESUMO: A preocupação sobre o ensino da Língua Portuguesa para surdos permeou a história com diferentes interfaces e concepções. Como uma forma de apresentar proposições sobre o tema, este artigo é um recorte do relato de pesquisa descrito na tese intitulada Análise sobre ensino de Língua Portuguesa para surdos: um estudo em dois Municípios Fluminenses (Castro, 2021), que teve como objetivo geral descrever e analisar as práticas pedagógicas bilíngues utilizadas para ensinar Língua Portuguesa para surdos, em turmas bilíngues inclusivas, no 6º ano do Ensino Fundamental II, em escolas-polo bilíngues do Rio de Janeiro e de Duque de Caxias. Os objetivos específicos foram: demonstrar práticas pedagógicas bilíngues de ensino de Língua Portuguesa para surdos realizadas em turmas bilíngues inclusivas de alunos surdos de escolas-polo dos municípios pesquisados; e destacar elementos que favorecem ou não a aprendizagem de Língua Portuguesa. A realização dessa investigação baseou-se em uma metodologia de abordagem qualitativa (Bauer & Gaskell, 2003), na matriz histórico-cultural com viés multicultural, do tipo estudo de caso (Gil, 2008). A análise dos dados foi realizada na perspectiva microgenética. Como resultado, observou-se que a forma como todos os envolvidos no processo de ensino aos alunos surdos e ouvintes medeiam o conhecimento da Língua Portuguesa, utilizando artefatos da metacognição ou da comunicação inter/multimodal por meio da Língua Brasileira de Sinais - Libras (Kelman, 2015), fazendo positivamente a diferença no ensino e na aprendizagem de todos os alunos. Enfim, considera-se que a qualidade da mediação semiótica utilizada por todos no processo ensino-aprendizagem dos surdos traz resultados positivos sobre a aprendizagem em Língua Portuguesa e sobre seu próprio desenvolvimento.

ABSTRACT: The concern about teaching Portuguese Language to the deaf has permeated history with different interfaces and conceptions. As a way of presenting propositions on the subject, this paper is a cutoff of the research report described in the thesis entitled Análise sobre ensino de Língua Portuguesa para surdos: um estudo em dois Municípios Fluminenses (Castro, 2021) [Analysis on Portuguese Language Teaching for the deaf: a study in two municipalities of Baixada Fluminense), whose main objective was to describe and analyze the bilingual pedagogical practices used to teach Portuguese language for the deaf in inclusive bilingual classes, in the 6th grade of Elementary School II, in bilingual schools of Rio de Janeiro and Duque de Caxias. The specific objectives were: to demonstrate bilingual pedagogical practices of Portuguese Language teaching for the deaf carried out in inclusive bilingual classes of deaf students from schools in the municipalities surveyed, and to highlight elements that favor or not the learning of Portuguese Language. The realization of this investigation was based on a qualitative approach methodology (Bauer & Gaskell, 2003), in the historical-cultural matrix with multicultural perspective, of the case study type (Gil, 2008). The data analysis was performed from the microgenetic perspective. As a result, it was observed that the way everyone who were involved in the process of teaching deaf and hearing students mediate the knowledge of the Portuguese language, using artifacts of metacognition or inter/multimodal communication through the Brazilian Sign Language (Kelman, 2015), making a positive difference in the teaching and learning of all students. In summary, it is considered that the quality of semiotic mediation used by everyone in the teaching-learning process of the deaf brings positive results on their learning of Portuguese language and on their own development.

(Meta)communication strategies in inclusive classes for deaf students.

How can an inclusive classroom for deaf students be successful? The use of metacommunication strategies by teachers and hearing peers seems promising. Schools that promote this approach tend to improve deaf students' psychosocial development and academic achievement. However, this is not a general rule. The present study identifies the elements of success, with the investigators basing their analysis on extensive observation of 4 bilingual classes conducted by regular education and specialized teachers. The study was conducted in 3 public elementary schools in Brasilia, Brazil. Data were collected through direct observation (156 hours) and video recording (34 hours). Results were qualitatively analyzed from a microgenetic perspective. The investigators devised 14 categories of social interaction, e.g., visual contact and responsivity, multimodal communication, co-construction of meanings, flexible use of space, and sign language instruction for hearing students.

Deaf children in regular classrooms: a sociocultural approach to a Brazillan experience.

Inclusion of deaf children in regular classrooms is often described as unsuccessful. The present article shows how communicative and metacommunicative strategies used in teacher(s)-deaf students(s) interactions may facilitate inclusion. A fourth-grade classroom was investigated where a coteaching approach--a master teacher working with a teacher trained in Brazilian Sign Language (BSL)--was used. The class, 7 deaf and 19 hearing students, was selected because of the teacher dyad's effectiveness with these students. The teachers' interactive styles and strategies are highlighted, along with communicative and metacommunicative processes that occurred between them and the deaf students. The authors show that meanings are co-constructed not only through words or BSL but through nonverbal actions. Relational metacommunicative strategies make integration more effective and learning easier and more pleasant; therefore, dialogue with deaf children entails more than the mere use of words, either vocally or with signs.