[Web scraping applications in health services research: For web experts only, or a tool for every health services researcher?!] / Anwendungskontexte von Web Scraping in der Versorgungsforschung - Nur für Web-Expert:innen? Oder eine Methode für alle Versorgungsforscher:innen!?

Reviewing various care-related data, such as patient satisfaction, can provide valuable information for a health care organization to improve its services. Regular and automatic data collection of internet data can save time and money. This data collection can be performed using web scraping. Web scraping is well-suited for collecting and linking (secondary) data from the internet. In this paper, a low-threshold option for web scraping is illustrated: Web scraping using the commercial software OutWit. This method is also suitable for researchers with no experience in web scraping. Following web scraping, classical statistical methods can be used for quantitative data or qualitative content analysis for qualitative data. Before collecting data using web scraping methods, the legal framework for the individual research project should be clarified. Additionally, ethical considerations should be addressed because the automated extraction of data is not always compatible with the respective data holder's applicable terms of use.

Dose-Dependent and Subset-Specific Regulation of Midbrain Dopaminergic Neuron Differentiation by LEF1-Mediated WNT1/b-Catenin Signaling.

The mesodiencephalic dopaminergic (mdDA) neurons, including the nigrostriatal subset that preferentially degenerates in Parkinson's Disease (PD), strongly depend on an accurately balanced Wingless-type MMTV integration site family member 1 (WNT1)/beta-catenin signaling pathway during their development. Loss of this pathway abolishes the generation of these neurons, whereas excessive WNT1/b-catenin signaling prevents their correct differentiation. The identity of the cells responding to this pathway in the developing mammalian ventral midbrain (VM) as well as the precise progression of WNT/b-catenin action in these cells are still unknown. We show that strong WNT/b-catenin signaling inhibits the differentiation of WNT/b-catenin-responding mdDA progenitors into PITX3+ and TH+ mdDA neurons by repressing the Pitx3 gene in mice. This effect is mediated by RSPO2, a WNT/b-catenin agonist, and lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1 (LEF1), an essential nuclear effector of the WNT/b-catenin pathway, via conserved LEF1/T-cell factor binding sites in the Pitx3 promoter. LEF1 expression is restricted to a caudolateral mdDA progenitor subset that preferentially responds to WNT/b-catenin signaling and gives rise to a fraction of all mdDA neurons. Our data indicate that an attenuation of WNT/b-catenin signaling in mdDA progenitors is essential for their correct differentiation into specific mdDA neuron subsets. This is an important consideration for stem cell-based regenerative therapies and in vitro models of neuropsychiatric diseases.