Testicular sperm extraction vs. ejaculated sperm use for nonazoospermic male factor infertility.

OBJECTIVE: To study the potential benefit of testicular sperm compared with ejaculated sperm for men with oligospermia. DESIGN: After exemption from institutional review board approval, we performed a retrospective cohort study using the Mayo Clinic Assisted Reproductive Technology database. SETTING: Single academic center. PATIENT(S): Couples with nonazoospermic male factor infertility (total motile sperm <25 million per ejaculate) undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection with sperm obtained by testicular sperm extraction (TESE) or ejaculated sperm between 2016 and 2019. INTERVENTION(S): In vitro fertilization, Intracytoplasmic sperm injection, TESE. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): The primary outcome was live birth rate. The secondary outcomes were fertilization rate, blastulation rate, pregnancy rate, and miscarriage rate. RESULT(S): Subjects in the two groups were similar in age, body mass index, and ovarian reserve. Baseline sperm parameters were similar in the two groups: total motile sperm (5.4 in the ejaculate sperm group vs. 3.6 million motile per ejaculate), except that baseline motility was higher in the group that used ejaculated sperm (40% vs. 29%). The total number of mature oocytes retrieved was similar in the two groups, but the use of TESE was associated with a 20% decrease in fertilization (60.0% vs. 80.6%) and half the number of blastocyst embryos (two vs. four) compared with ejaculated sperm. Compared with ejaculated sperm, use of TESE did not improve the miscarriage rate (11% vs. 9%) or the live birth rate (50.0% vs. 31.3%). CONCLUSION(S): Patients with male factor infertility and oligozoospermia did not have improved ICSI outcomes with the use of TESE samples compared with ejaculated sperm.

Myomectomy associated blood transfusion risk and morbidity after surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate blood transfusion risks and the associated 30-day postoperative morbidity after myomectomy. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Not applicable. PATIENT(S): Women who underwent myomectomies for symptomatic uterine fibroids (N = 3,407). INTERVENTION(S): Blood transfusion during or within 72 hours after myomectomy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): The primary outcomes were rate of blood transfusion with myomectomy and risk factors associated with receiving a transfusion. The secondary outcome was 30-day morbidity after myomectomy. RESULT(S): The overall rate of blood transfusion was 10% (hysteroscopy, 6.7%; laparoscopy, 2.7%; open/abdominal procedures, 16.4%). Independent risk factors for transfusion included as follows: black race (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.62-3.17) and other race (aOR 1.77, 95% CI 1.20-2.63) compared with white race; preoperative hematocrit <30% compared to ≥30% (aOR 6.41, 95% CI 4.45-9.23); preoperative blood transfusion (aOR 2.81, 95% CI 1.46-5.40); high fibroid burden (aOR 1.91, 95% CI 1.45-2.51); prolonged surgical time (fourth quartile vs. first quartile aOR 11.55, 95% CI 7.05-18.93); and open/abdominal approach (open/abdominal vs. laparoscopic aOR 9.06, 95% CI 6.10-13.47). Even after adjusting for confounders, women who required blood transfusions had an approximately threefold increased risk for experiencing a major postoperative complication (aOR 2.69, 95% CI 1.58-4.57). CONCLUSION(S): Analysis of a large multicenter database suggests that the overall risk of blood transfusion with myomectomy is 10% and is associated with an increased 30-day postoperative morbidity. Preoperative screening of women at high risk for transfusion is prudent as perioperative transfusion itself leads to increased major postoperative complications.