A "fishy" situation, rare pathogen and presentation in prosthetic valve infective endocarditis.

Lactococcus garviae (L. garviae) is a gram-positive coccus belonging to the Streptococcaceae family. While primarily a pathogen in fish farms causing hemorrhagic sepsis, it can act as a rare opportunistic pathogen in humans. A 2021 case report by Bravo et al. documented less than 30 cases of infective endocarditis caused by L. garviae worldwide at that time [1]. This case report describes the 27th documented case globally and 7th documented case in the USA of L. garviae causing infective endocarditis of a prosthetic valve [1]. L. garviae is found in unpasteurized dairy products, raw fish, and meat (pork, beef, and poultry), but the route of human transmission remains unclear [3]. It seems to have a predilection for individuals with prosthetic valves, immunocompromised states, prior gastrointestinal surgery, gastrointestinal disorders (colon polyps and diverticulosis), and the use of acid-reducing medications [1-3]. Infective endocarditis is the most common systemic disease caused by L. garviae [1-4]. This report details the case of a 75-year-old male, with multiple comorbidities and risk factors for L. garviae infection who was admitted for "symptomatic anemia". High clinical suspicion, coupled with an inadequate hemoglobin response to transfusion, a normal anemia workup, and blood cultures positive for L. garviae, promoted a transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE). However, the results were negative. Consequently, an 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan (18FDG PET/CT) was performed. The scan revealed increased uptake in the aortic valve replacement consistent with prosthetic valve endocarditis in the setting of Lactococcus garviae bacteremia.

Low-volume enrichment method supports high throughput bacteriophage screening and isolation from wastewater.

Bacteriophage therapy is a rapidly growing field of study. Narrow host ranges, bacterial resistance, and limited antibiotic availability make lytic phages a feasible therapeutic potential. Phage discovery, a critical step in developing phage therapy, is a pathway to accessible treatment. This has always been a laborious, time-consuming and resource-intensive process. In this paper, we describe a 96-well plate low-volume bacteriophage enrichment method with concentrated environmental sources to rapidly discover and isolate phages targeting multiple organisms simultaneously. Samples from natural water sources, wastewater influent, and activated sludge were tested in large volume enrichment cultures and low-volume 96-well plate format. Each plate has the capacity to run as many as 48 different combinations with multiple bacterial hosts. The time to identify the presence of phage in a sample was 5 to 10 hours in the low-volume format versus a minimum of 2 days in the traditional enrichment method. The labor and expense involved also favor the 96-well plate format. There was some loss of discovered phages using this technique, primarily targeting bacterial species less prevalent in the environment. This is an easily modifiable method that is amenable to automation and a variety of potential phage sources.

Implementation of a health system intervention to reduce time from presentation to surgical intervention for pediatric testicular torsion.

PURPOSE: Testicular salvage rates for torsion are time-dependent1. Door to detorsion time has been identified as an independent testicular survival factor2. We describe an initiative to reduce door to incision (DTI) time for pediatric testicular torsion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An institutional multidisciplinary quality improvement initiative with a primary outcome of reducing DTI time for pediatric testicular torsion was developed with multidisciplinary stakeholders. Several process and balancing measures were used as secondary outcomes to help interpret and verify the observed change in DTI time. Interventions were implemented in cycles. Initial interventions standardized assessment of suspected torsion by Emergency Medicine utilizing a validated scoring system. A threshold Testicular Workup for Ischemia and Suspected Torsion (TWIST) score led to parallel notification of essential services for rapid assessment and case prioritization3. Subsequently, bedside ultrasound in the Emergency Department was implemented. Progress was tracked in a live dashboard and analyzed with X-mR process control charts and Nelson rules. These tools are used in quality improvement and process control to demonstrate the significance of changes as they are being implemented, prior to when traditional hypothesis testing would be able to do so. We aimed to increase the proportion of cases with DTI times under 4 h from 64% to >90% within one year. RESULTS: We observed 22 torsion cases prior to and 62 following initial implementation. The percentage of cases with DTI times under 4 h improved from 64% to 95%. At week 29, a shift identified a significant change on the X chart, with reduction in mean DTI time from 221 to 147 min. At the same time, a shift on the mR chart identified reduction in patient-to-patient variation. Mean time from arrival to Urology evaluation decreased from 140 to 56 min, mean time from arrival to scrotal ultrasound decreased from 70 to 36 min, and mean time from scrotal ultrasound to surgical incision decreased from 128 to 80 min. These improvements highlight the two key successes of our project: application of the TWIST score and bedside ultrasound for rapid assessment of suspected testicular torsions, and parallel processing of the evaluation and management. CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of a protocol for pediatric testicular torsion increased the proportion of cases with DTI time <4 h to 95%, decreased mean DTI time, and decreased variation. Our protocol provides a model to improve timeliness of care in treating pediatric testicular torsion.

Clinical Trials and Climate Change: Doing Our Part While Pursuing Progress.

The escalating global climate crisis necessitates a critical examination of the environmental impact of various sectors, including health care. Ongoing efforts to establish standard methods for estimating emissions and tracking progress are needed to promote sustainable clinical research.

An immunoregulator nanomedicine approach for the treatment of tuberculosis.

Introduction: A nanoparticle composed of a poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) core and a chitosan (CS) shell with surface-adsorbed 1,3 ß-glucan (ß-glucan) was synthesized. The exposure response of CS-PLGA nanoparticles (0.1 mg/mL) with surface-bound ß-glucan at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, or 25 ng or free ß-glucan at 5, 10, 15, 20, or 25 ng/mL in macrophage in vitro and in vivo was investigated. Results: In vitro studies demonstrate that gene expression for IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNFα increased at 10 and 15 ng surface-bound ß-glucan on CS-PLGA nanoparticles (0.1 mg/mL) and at 20 and 25 ng/mL of free ß-glucan both at 24 h and 48 h. Secretion of TNFα protein and ROS production increased at 5, 10, 15, and 20 ng surface-bound ß-glucan on CS-PLGA nanoparticles and at 20 and 25 ng/mL of free ß-glucan at 24 h. Laminarin, a Dectin-1 antagonist, prevented the increase in cytokine gene expression induced by CS-PLGA nanoparticles with surface-bound ß-glucan at 10 and 15 ng, indicating a Dectin-1 receptor mechanism. Efficacy studies showed a significant reduction in intracellular accumulation of mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) incubated with on CS-PLGA (0.1 mg/ml) nanoparticles with 5, 10, and 15 ng surface-bound ß-glucan or with 10 and 15 ng/mL of free ß-glucan. ß-glucan-CS-PLGA nanoparticles inhibited intracellular Mtb growth more than free ß-glucan alone supporting the role of ß-glucan-CS-PLGA nanoparticles as stronger adjuvants than free ß-glucan. In vivo studies demonstrate that oropharyngeal aspiration (OPA) of CS-PLGA nanoparticles with nanogram concentrations of surface-bound ß-glucan or free ß-glucan increased TNFα gene expression in alveolar macrophages and TNFα protein secretion in bronchoalveolar lavage supernatants. Discussion: Data also demonstrate no damage to the alveolar epithelium or changes in the murine sepsis score following exposure to ß-glucan-CS-PLGA nanoparticles only, indicating safety and feasibility of this nanoparticle adjuvant platform to mice by OPA.

Decreased Clinical Severity of Pediatric Acute COVID-19 and MIS-C and Increase of Incidental Cases during the Omicron Wave in Comparison to the Delta Wave.

This study describes differences in clinical presentation in hospitalized children with acute COVID-19 and MIS-C between the Delta and Omicron (BA.1.1) waves in a tertiary children's hospital. This retrospective cohort study with case adjudication of hospitalized children with SARS-CoV-2-positive testing or MIS-C diagnosis occurred during the Delta and Omicron waves, from August 2021 until February 2022. There were no differences noted by race, but both waves disproportionally affected black children (24% and 25%). Assigned by a three-person expert panel, incidental diagnoses were higher in the Omicron wave (34% versus 19%). Hospitalization rates of non-incidental cases were higher during Omicron (3.8 versus 5.9 per 1000 PCR-positive community cases). Respiratory-related admissions were prominent during Delta, while Omicron clinical presentations varied, including a high number of cases of croup and seizures. Length of stay and ICU use during Omicron was significantly less than Delta for MIS-C and acute cases. Estimation of vaccination efficacy for preventing hospital admissions was 85.1-91.7% in the early Omicron period. Our estimates suggest that a protective role for vaccination continues into the Omicron wave. The high rate of incidental cases during the Omicron wave should be considered when reviewing more cursory summative data sets. This study emphasizes the need for continued clinical suspicion of COVID-19 even when lower respiratory symptoms are not dominant.

Association Between Private Equity Acquisition of Urology Practices and Physician Medicare Payments.

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether private equity (PE) acquisitions of urology practices were associated with changes in Medicare payments and patient volume. METHODS: We identified PE acquisitions of urology practices through financial databases, industry news outlets, practice websites, and Google search. Using the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Service's Medicare Provider Utilization and Payment Data: Physician and Other Supplier Public Use File (2012-2019), we conducted descriptive statistics and trends analysis to examine whether PE acquisition was associated with changes in Medicare payments and patient volume in comparison to non-PE affiliated urologists within the same states. RESULTS: We identified PE acquisitions of 10 independent urology practices across 6 states during the study period. In the preacquisition period, urologists later joining private-equity groups received greater mean inflation-adjusted Medicare payments ($246,977 vs $160,038; P <.001) and had greater patient volume (839.7 vs 674.2 patients; P = .001) than urologists who did not. In the postacquisition period, PE affiliated urologists had an 11.0% (95% CI: -0.2% to 22.3%) increase in inflation-adjusted Medicare payments (P = .054) and a 12.5% (95% CI: 6.5%-18.6%) increase in patient volume (P <.001). Non-PE affiliated urologists exhibited a 6% decline in Medicare payments (P <.001) and a 2.7% increase in patient volume (P <.001). CONCLUSION: PE affiliated urologists exhibited increases in Medicare payments even prior to acquisition, in contrast to declines for geographically similar, non-PE urologists. These findings may highlight characteristics of practices targeted by PE firms and local practice trends that may further diverge following acquisition.

Vesical clear cell adenocarcinoma of Müllerian origin treated conservatively with partial cystectomy.

A 71-year-old woman presented with an intravesical bladder mass found to be a clear cell adenocarcinoma of Müllerian origin with positive PAX-8 staining after transurethral resection. Partial cystectomy along with total hysterectomy were performed, and final pathology revealed no residual tumour and extensive endometriosis. She declined adjuvant therapy and was dispositioned to surveillance.

Impact of close interpersonal contact on COVID-19 incidence: Evidence from 1 year of mobile device data.

Close contact between people is the primary route for transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We quantified interpersonal contact at the population level using mobile device geolocation data. We computed the frequency of contact (within 6 feet) between people in Connecticut during February 2020 to January 2021 and aggregated counts of contact events by area of residence. When incorporated into a SEIR-type model of COVID-19 transmission, the contact rate accurately predicted COVID-19 cases in Connecticut towns. Contact in Connecticut explains the initial wave of infections during March to April, the drop in cases during June to August, local outbreaks during August to September, broad statewide resurgence during September to December, and decline in January 2021. The transmission model fits COVID-19 transmission dynamics better using the contact rate than other mobility metrics. Contact rate data can help guide social distancing and testing resource allocation.

Urology Practice Acquisitions by Private Equity Firms from 2011-2021.

INTRODUCTION: Private equity firms have recently acquired several large urology practices in the United States. As little is known about these acquisitions, we sought to characterize trends in urology practice consolidation. METHODS: We compiled urology practice acquisition data via financial databases, news outlets, practice websites, and Internet keyword search for the time period January 1, 2011 through March 15, 2021. For each acquisition, we determined the acquiring group, number of employed urologists, practice locations, and status of ancillary services (pathology, radiology, or surgery centers). We estimated workforce effects based on the 2019 American Urological Association workforce census. RESULTS: We identified 69 independent practice acquisitions in the study period, including 19 (28.4%) by hospital systems, 7 (10.4%) by multispecialty physician groups, 23 (34.3%) by urology practices, and 20 (29.9%) by private equity-backed platforms. Private equity firms initially targeted large urology practices (mean of 60.8±32.6 urologists) with ownership of ancillary services and consolidated local market share through acquisitions of smaller practices (mean of 15.9±14.5 urologists). As of March 2021, we estimate that 7.2% of private practice urologists in the U.S. were employed by one of 5 private equity-backed platforms; over 25% of all urologists practicing in New Jersey and Maryland are employed by a private equity-backed platform. CONCLUSIONS: Private equity acquisitions have accelerated to become a dominant form of urology practice consolidation in recent years and have achieved significant market influence in certain regions. Future research should assess the impact of private equity investment on practice patterns, health outcomes, and expenditures.

Hydrogen peroxide vapor decontamination of N95 respirators for reuse.

OBJECTIVE: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to global shortages of N95 respirators. Reprocessing of used N95 respirators may provide a higher filtration crisis alternative, but whether effective sterilization can be achieved for a virus without impairing respirator function remains unknown. We evaluated the viricidal efficacy of Bioquell vaporized hydrogen peroxide (VHP) on contaminated N95 respirators and tested the particulate particle penetration and inhalation and exhalation resistance of respirators after multiple cycles of VHP. METHODS: For this study, 3M 1870 N95 respirators were contaminated with 3 aerosolized bacteriophages: T1, T7, and Pseudomonas phage phi-6 followed by 1 cycle of VHP decontamination using a BQ-50 system. Additionally, new and unused respirators were sent to an independent laboratory for particulate filter penetration testing and inhalation and exhalation resistance after 3 and 5 cycles of VHP. RESULTS: A single VHP cycle resulted in complete eradication of bacteriophage from respirators (limit of detection 10 PFU). Respirators showed acceptable limits for inhalation/exhalation resistance after 3 and 5 cycles of VHP. Respirators demonstrated a filtration efficiency >99 % after 3 cycles, but filtration efficiency fell below 95% after 5 cycles of HPV. CONCLUSION: Bioquell VHP demonstrated high viricidal activity for N95 respirators inoculated with aerosolized bacteriophages. Bioquell technology can be scaled for simultaneous decontamination of a large number of used but otherwise intact respirators. Reprocessing should be limited to 3 cycles due to concerns both about impact of clinical wear and tear on fit, and to decrement in filtration after 3 cycles.

Cachexia and bladder cancer: clinical impact and management.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this review is to describe the causes, management, and clinical outcomes associated with cachexia and related components including sarcopenia, among patients with bladder cancer (BCa). RECENT FINDINGS: Cachexia in patients with BCa is associated with poorer outcomes after radical cystectomy (RC), radiation, and chemotherapy. Nutritional supplements and novel pharmaceutical agents including magnolol, flucoidan and Anamorelin are currently undergoing investigation for their potential use in BCa patients with cachexia. SUMMARY: Cachexia is a hypercatabolic state thought to be caused by an immune-regulated release of cytokines and disruptions of molecular pathways within the tumor microenvironment and systemically. Nutritional deficiencies in patients with BCa also contribute to cachexia and sarcopenia. Patients with BCa -related cachexia and sarcopenia experience worse survival and therapeutic outcomes after RC, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Patients with cachexia also experience more postoperative complications after RC. The management of cachexia in patients with BCa remains challenging and requires timely identification, and multidisciplinary management including nutritional supplementation, physical therapy, palliative care, and pharmacological agents. Clinical trials and human studies are still required to determine which pharmacological agents are optimal for BCa cachexia.

Respiratory Failure in an Extremely Premature Neonate with COVID-19.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a condition associated with SARS-CoV-2, typically results in mild infection in infants and children. However, children with risk factors such as chronic lung disease and immunosuppression have higher risk of severe illness from COVID-19. We report a case of a 27-week-gestation extremely premature infant born to a mother with COVID-19 infection. The infant, initially treated for surfactant deficiency, developed worsening hypoxic respiratory failure on the fifth day of life requiring escalating ventilatory support, an elevated level of C-reactive protein, thrombocytopenia, and an elevated level of d-dimer. The infant was positive for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR from Day 1 to Day 42 of his life. The infant responded to a seven-day course of dexamethasone with a gradually decreasing oxygen requirement and could be extubated to non-invasive ventilation by the end of the fifth week after birth. The infant is currently on home oxygen by nasal cannula. Prolonged shedding of the virus may be a unique feature of the disease in premature infants. Extreme prematurity, immature lungs, and an immunocompromised status may predispose these infants to severe respiratory failure and a prolonged clinical course. Instituting appropriate COVID-19 protocols to prevent the spread of the disease in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is of utmost importance. Infection with SARS-CoV-2 may have implications in the management of extremely premature infants in the NICU.

Access to Urologic Care at Urgent Care Centers.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate Medicaid insurance access disparities for urologic care at urgent care centers (UCCs) in the United States. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study using a "secret shopper" methodology. We sampled 240 UCCs across 8 states. Using a standardized script, researchers posed as a patient with either Medicaid or commercial insurance in the clinical setting of obstructing nephrolithiasis. The primary study endpoint was whether a patient's insurance (Medicaid vs commercial) was accepted. We assessed factors associated with Medicaid acceptance using logistic regression models adjusted for state-level and facility-level characteristics. Additionally, we calculated triage rates, emergency department referral rates, and the ability of a UCC to refer the patient to a specialist. RESULTS: Of 240 UCCs contacted, 239 (99.6%) accepted commercial insurance and 159 (66.2%) accepted Medicaid. UCCs in Medicaid expansion states more frequently accepted patients with Medicaid insurance (74.2% vs 58.3%, respectively, P < .01). On multivariable logistic regression analysis, state Medicaid expansion (OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.04-3.26, P = .04) and affiliation with an institution (OR 2.97, 95% CI 1.59-5.57, P < .01) were independently associated with greater odds of accepting Medicaid. Medicaid-insured patients were significantly less likely to be triaged or referred to the emergency department compared to commercial patients. CONCLUSION: We identified significant disparities in access to UCCs for Medicaid patients presenting with a urologic condition. Given the expanding national role of UCCs, these findings highlight potential sources of insurance disparity in the context of a urologic emergency.

Impact of close interpersonal contact on COVID-19 incidence: evidence from one year of mobile device data.

Close contact between people is the primary route for transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We sought to quantify interpersonal contact at the population-level by using anonymized mobile device geolocation data. We computed the frequency of contact (within six feet) between people in Connecticut during February 2020 - January 2021. Then we aggregated counts of contact events by area of residence to obtain an estimate of the total intensity of interpersonal contact experienced by residents of each town for each day. When incorporated into a susceptible-exposed-infective-removed (SEIR) model of COVID-19 transmission, the contact rate accurately predicted COVID-19 cases in Connecticut towns during the timespan. The pattern of contact rate in Connecticut explains the large initial wave of infections during March-April, the subsequent drop in cases during June-August, local outbreaks during August-September, broad statewide resurgence during September-December, and decline in January 2021. Contact rate data can help guide public health messaging campaigns to encourage social distancing and in the allocation of testing resources to detect or prevent emerging local outbreaks more quickly than traditional case investigation. ONE SENTENCE SUMMARY: Close interpersonal contact measured using mobile device location data explains dynamics of COVID-19 transmission in Connecticut during the first year of the pandemic.

Incidence, risk factors, and outcome of Clostridioides difficile infection following urological surgeries.

PURPOSE: To assess the incidence, risk factors, and clinical outcomes associated with (Clostridioides difficile infection) CDI following urological surgery, which is the leading cause of nosocomial diarrhea and a growing public health burden. METHODS: We queried the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) to identify patients undergoing urological surgery in 2015-2016. We evaluated the 30-day incidence and factors associated with postoperative CDI and 30-day hospital readmission and length of stay as secondary outcomes. Among the subset of patients undergoing radical cystectomy with urinary diversion (surgery with highest CDI incidence) we used multivariable logistic regression analysis to evaluate independent clinical and demographic factors associated with postoperative CDI. RESULTS: We identified 98,463 patients during the study period. The overall 30-day incidence of CDI was 0.31%, but varied considerably across surgery type. The risk of CDI was greatest following radical cystectomy with urinary diversion (2.72%) compared to all other urologic procedures (0.19%) and was associated with increased risk of hospital readmission (p < 0.0001), re-operation (p < 0.0001), and longer mean length of stay (p < 0.0001) in this cohort. Among patients undergoing radical cystectomy with urinary diversion, multivariable logistic regression revealed that preoperative renal failure (OR: 5.30, 95% CI 1.13-24.9, p = 0.035) and blood loss requiring transfusion (OR: 1.67, 95% CI 1.15-2.44, p = 0.0075) were independently associated with CDI. CONCLUSIONS: In a nationally representative cohort, the incidence of CDI was low but varied substantially across surgery types. CDI was most common following radical cystectomy and associated with potentially modifiable factors such as blood transfusion and significantly longer length of stay.

Association Between Twitter Reception at a National Urology Conference and Future Publication Status.

BACKGROUND: Social media is an increasingly popular means to disseminate medical research. However, it is unknown whether the extent to which content is shared mirrors conventional measures of scientific merit or impact. OBJECTIVE: To examine whether Twitter activity (as measured by the number of "likes" and "retweets" [RTs]) relating to original research presented at a national urology meeting was associated with subsequent publication status and journal impact factor (IF). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: We retrospectively reviewed Twitter data obtained through the Keyhole archiving platform using the hashtag "#aua15" from May 1 through June 1, 2015 reflecting the hashtag of the American Urological Association (AUA) meeting. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: We analyzed all posts containing keywords related to research studies. Among posts reporting on newly presented studies with discernable attribution, we evaluated subsequent publication status within 45 mo, including journal IF. We compared social media reception (number of likes/RTs) by publication status, and assessed the relationship between social media reception and subsequent journal IF using Pearson's correlation. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: A total of 15 303 posts were associated with #aua15 between May 1 and June 1, 2015, which reached 2 263 438 users. The median number of likes/RTs was 2 (interquartile range 1-3). We analyzed all posts receiving at least one like/RT (n = 2964) for text content related to research and identified 496 associated with new scientific studies presented at the meeting. Forty-five months following the AUA meeting, 96 studies were identifiable on PubMed (19.4%). Research with more likes/RTs at the AUA meeting were more likely to be subsequently published (p = 0.001). Among published studies, there was a modest, positive correlation between the number of likes/RTs and publication journal IF (r2 = 0.36). CONCLUSIONS: Measures of social media engagement with data presented at a national medical meeting were positively correlated with subsequent publication and journal IF after presentation. PATIENT SUMMARY: New urological research that was shared more often at a national meeting was more likely to be published in journals that are more highly cited.

Serum Responses of Children With Kawasaki Disease Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Proteins.

With recent reports showing clinical and laboratory overlap of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and Kawasaki disease (KD), we addressed the hypothesis that cross coronavirus humoral immunity leads to a parallel postinfectious phenomenon explaining similar pathologic findings in KD and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. We demonstrated no cross-reactivity in children with KD but observed some nonspecific interactions postintravenous immunoglobulin infusion.

Expression of Brassica napus GLO1 is sufficient to breakdown artificial self-incompatibility in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Members of the Brassicaceae family have the ability to regulate pollination events occurring on the stigma surface. In Brassica species, self-pollination leads to an allele-specific interaction between the pollen small cysteine-rich peptide ligand (SCR/SP11) and the stigmatic S-receptor kinase (SRK) that activates the E3 ubiquitin ligase ARC1 (Armadillo repeat-containing 1), resulting in proteasomal degradation of various compatibility factors including glyoxalase I (GLO1) which is necessary for successful pollination. In Brassica napus, the suppression of GLO1 was sufficient to reduce compatibility, and overexpression of GLO1 in self-incompatible Brassica napus stigmas resulted in partial breakdown of the self-incompatibility response. Here, we verified if BnGLO1 could function as a compatibility factor in the artificial self-incompatibility system of Arabidopsis thaliana expressing AlSCRb, AlSRKb and AlARC1 proteins from A. lyrata. Overexpression of BnGLO1 is sufficient to breakdown self-incompatibility response in A. thaliana stigmas. Therefore, GLO1 has an indisputable role as a compatibility factor in the stigma in regulating pollen attachment and pollen tube growth. Lastly, this study demonstrates the usefulness of an artificial self-incompatibility system in A. thaliana for interspecific self-incompatibility studies.