RESUMO
BACKGROUND: In this work, we have determined the levels of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), which function as cytokines in endometrial receptivity, through the endometrial secretion within the eligible individuals and thus studied their relationships with the success or failure of pregnancy in in vitro fertilization/intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) cycles. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this prospective study, 76 women were selected for their first IVF/ICSI and met the study inclusion criteria. All of the patients have undergone the endometrial secretion aspiration prior to performing the oocyte collection. The levels of IL-1and TNF-α were analyzed by the means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method, using special standard kits. The patients were requested to undergo the serum human chorionic gonadotropin measurements and ultrasound evaluation for the purpose of detecting successful implantations and pregnancies. RESULTS: Among the 76 subjects of the study, 33 (43.4%) patients had a positive beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (ß-hCG) and 44 (56.6%) resulted in a negative ß-hCG. It should be also noted that through the patients with positive ß-hCG, 23 (30.3%) of them displayed fetal heart rate in their transvaginal sonography (TVS). Compared to the group with failed pregnancies and their cytokine levels, we perceived a higher concentration of IL-1 in the group containing successful chemical pregnancies (P=0.00). However, there was no significant difference in terms of clinical pregnancy in the IL-1 levels between the two groups (P=0.06). In addition, there was not any notable difference in the levels of TNF-α between the two groups, neither in terms of chemical nor clinical pregnancy (P=0.8 and P=0.6, respectively). CONCLUSION: The current study suggests that higher concentrations of IL-1 in endometrial secretions could be associated with improved endometrial receptivity and IVF outcome. With regards to TNF-α, no statistically significant difference was observed between the groups of with and without successful pregnancies.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Since preterm delivery is an important problem in obstetrics, it is necessary to know the risk factors. Periodontal disease is an infectious disease and infection is risk factor for preterm delivery. Respecting to the mechanisms of preterm delivery and because involved mediators in this procedure are synthesized in periodontal disease, gum disease is investigated as risk factor for preterm delivery. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the association between preterm, low birth weight with periodontal diseases to improve the mothers' and the children's health. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cases-control study was done on 70 women (mean age 25.01 yrs.) 35 women with preterm delivery, gestational age <37 weeks and birth weight <2500 gr as case group and 35 women with term delivery, gestational age >37 weeks and birth weight >2500 gr as control group referring to Imam Reza Hospital. Mean Probing Depth (MPD), percent of sites with more than 3 mm in probing, bleeding Index (BI), Plaque Index (PI), and Extent and Severity Index (Ext. and Sev.) were measured using a mirror and a standard William's periodontal probe. RESULTS: Significant difference was found in Mean Probing Deep (MPD), percentage of sites with more than 3 mm in probing, BI, PI, Ext. and Sev. indices in case and control groups. There was no significant difference in patient's job, age, education, and husband's job and education. No difference was observed between two groups in monthly income and gravidity. CONCLUSION: Gum disease can be a risk factor for preterm delivery.