Workshop and package education intervention to knowledge, attitude and practice of ICU nurses on the use of physical restraints.

Background The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of the two training methods: educational workshop and electronic package on the knowledge, attitude and practice of nurses in intensive care units (ICUs). Materials and Methods In this experimental study, 64 nurses working in ICU at Imam Hossein and Bahar Hospitals in 2017 in Shahroud were randomly selected into two groups of training: workshops and educational package. At first, knowledge, attitude and performance of the two groups were measured and then 2 weeks after the post-test training. Data were analyzed by Fisher exact, Wilcoxon, independent t-test, Mann-Whitney test with a significance level ≤0.05. Results A significant difference was found between knowledge score in the workshop (10.40 ± 1.41) and educational package (11.25 ± 0.95) (p=0.007). However, No significant difference was found between the nurses attitude in the workshop group (28.59 ± 2.74) and the trained by educational package (28.25 ± 2.85) (p=0.617). Also, no significant difference was found between the mean practice scores in two groups (p=0/143). Conclusion The results of this study indicated that the educational package was more effective than the workshop on improving the level of knowledge of nurses about physical restriction, but both methods increased the attitude and practice of nurses.

Comparison of anthropometric indices (body mass index, waist circumference, waist to hip ratio and waist to height ratio) in predicting risk of type II diabetes in the population of Yazd, Iran.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine the best anthropometric index and calculate the cut-off point for each anthropometric index in predicting the risk of type II diabetes in the population of Yazd city in Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present analytical cross-sectional study was performed using the data from Yazd Health Study (YaHS) with a sample size of 9293. All required data including anthropometric indices BMI, WC, WHR, and WHtR were extracted from the YAHS questionnaire. The ROC curve was employed to compare the predictive power of each anthropometric index in the risk of developing the type II diabetes. RESULTS: WHtR in both genders had better predictive power for the risk of type II diabetes (AUC = 0.692 for males and AUC = 0.708 for females), and BMI showed a weaker predictive power (AUC = 0.603 for males and AUC = 0.632 for females), WC and WHR also revealed similar predictive power in the risk of type II diabetes. The cut-off point of BMI for predicting the risk of diabetes was almost identical in both genders (26.2 in males and 25.9 in females), the cut-off point of WC (91 cm), and WHtR (0.56) in males was lower than in the females (96 cm for WC and 0.605 for WHtR). The cut-off point of WHR in males (0.939) was higher than in females (0.892). CONCLUSION: The WHtR showed the best predictor of diabetes risk compared to other indices, and the BMI was the weakest predictor of the risk for diabetes.

Behavioral and familial predictors of diabetes mellitus in adults aged 20-69 in Yazd, Iran during 2014-2015.

INTRODUCTION: The present study aimed to assess the behavioral and familial predictors of diabetes mellitus as well as their interaction in the risk of diabetes mellitus type2. METHODS: The present cross-sectional study was conducted using the Yazd health study (YaHS) data which was collected in 2013-14. Statistical population of this study consisted of all 9340 individuals aged between 20 and 69 in Yazd City. Logistic regression was used to determine behavioral factors and family history of diabetes and their interaction in the risk of diabetes. RESULTS: In the present study, age, family history of type 2 diabetes, waist-to-hip ratio, BMI, educational level, physical activity and smoking were considered as the risk factors for type 2 diabetes.There was a significant interaction(negative interaction) between family history of diabetes and other risk factors only for BMI, so that the risk of developing type-2 diabetes was lower in the presence of two risk factors- family history of diabetes and BMI- than the risk of diabetes in the presence of each of these factors. CONCLUSION: Results of the present study suggested that despite the consideration of family history as an independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes, if it was used as a tool to raise the awareness and sensitivity in people with type 2 diabetes, it would reduce the risk of developing this type of diabetes in people who had other risk factors for type 2 diabetes.