Children's body mass index and associated factors in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Twenty million children under 5 years old are estimated to suffer from malnutrition worldwide. The objective of this study is to determine factors associated with Riyadh children's nutritional status. An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among children aged 6-12, excluding mentally ill children. The sample size was 200. Data were collected through interview-administered questionnaires developed for this study's purpose after consulting relevant literature and epidemiologists. Data analysis was via SPSS version-23; a p-value of 0.05 or less is considered significant. Consent was obtained before data collection, emphasizing confidentiality and the participant's rights to withdraw from the study at any time. Most of the study respondents in the age group (6-12 years) were 12 years (22%), and the predominant gender were girls (55.5%). No significant statistical relationship existed between the mother's education and the children's body mass index (BMI, p = 0.168). Many respondents had a normal BMI (40.5%), while a minority were underweight (28.5%) among all groups. There was a significant statistical relationship between the BMI of the children and with mother's BMI (p = 0.016). There was no significant statistical relationship between the food source and children's BMI (p = 0.710). There was no significant statistical relationship between the average meal and the children's BMI (p = 0.098). There is a significant relationship between the BMI of the respondents and the mother's BMI under the underweight group.

Prevalence of obesity and bariatric surgery among medical students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Background: Bariatric surgery is considered as a successful weight loss intervention in patients with high body mass index (BMI) and also in patients who are unable to lose weight in a nonsurgical way. Aim: To measure the prevalence of obesity among medical students and the association between obesity and lifestyle and obesity and the rate of bariatric surgery in obese students. Method: This is a cross sectional study which included 301 medical students in Riyadh. An online pretested and validated questionnaire was distributed among medical students. The collected data included weight, height, family background, lifestyle, and past medical and surgical history. Result: Our results demonstrated that the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and morbid obesity was 26.6%, 9.6%, and 6.3%, respectively, among medical students. Only 44.9% of them had a family history of obesity (n = 135). Upon assessment of lifestyle, we found that 58.8% of them had a good lifestyle and 41.2% had a bad lifestyle. We found that 42.5% of medical students included in this study have obesity, and 44% of students had history of obesity in their family. In the obese group, 47.6% had a bad lifestyle. There was significant relationship between obesity and lifestyle among medical students (P = 0.0004). We found that 83.1% of students never thought of undergoing bariatric surgery, 10% of them had thought of undergoing it, and 7% of the students had undergone bariatric surgery. Conclusion: the prevalence of obesity is less among medical student in comparison to other subgroups. The educational level and environmental factors play an important role in the prevalence of obesity.

Deferent Anatomical Presentations of Iliolumbar Ligament: A Cadaveric Study.

This work was carried out to describe the detailed gross anatomy of the iliolumbar ligaments in human cadavers and to shed more light on these disputes regarding the configuration and direction of these ligaments. Twenty partially dissected human formalin-preserved cadavers originating from North America and Europe were investigated in this study. Blunt dissection was made through the ventral and dorsal aspects of the pelvic area of the cadavers. According to the current study, the anterior and posterior portions of the iliolumbar ligament most frequently attached to the 5th lumbar vertebra's transverse process (70% and 80%, respectively). The body of the 4th lumbar vertebra with the 5th lumbar vertebra' transverse process was the attachment of the anterior part (30%). The attachment of the posterior part was the body of the 5th lumbar vertebra (20%). The anterior and posterior parts of the iliolumbar ligament were inserted into the anterior tip of the iliac crest. There is an obvious variation in the morphological appearance of the iliolumbar ligament distinguished in attachments, length, width, thickness, number of bands, and the presence of accessory bands in the anterior part of the ligament. In addition, a new attachment for the anterior band was revealed in one-third of the specimens (body of the 4th lumbar vertebra) which have not been described before. Also, in one-fifth of the specimens, there was a new attachment for the posterior band (body of the 5th lumbar vertebra).

Patient-dependent factors for fractures union failure among Riyadh population 2016.

BACKGROUND: The primary care has an important role to prevent fractures and make sure of complete healing without any complications like a Malunion which arises when a fracture has healed in a non-anatomical position, and a delayed union which defined as a healing time of more than 12 weeks and a non-union which occurs when absence of fracture healing progression on series of radiographs or with no evidence of healing over 10 weeks. OBJECTIVES: To identify the proportion of fracture healing failure types and identify Patient-dependent Factors. METHODOLOGY: cross sectional study consecutive sampling till completing sample size (90) patients. Data collection tool was Pretested Pre-Coded self-administered questionnaire it was subjected to a probe to test for validity and reliability. Data analyzed Using SPSS P value of less than 0.05 considered as significant results. Chi-square test was the test of significance. RESULTS: From 90 adult male participants, 71% were 35 years of age and above and below 55 years. Our result indicated that the commonest risk factor was smoking in 62.2% of respondents, and 27.8% have Diabetes mellitus. 50% of fractures failure was diagnosed as delayed union while non-union accounts for 40% and malunion for 10%. We've noticed that smokers mostly had delayed union, while diabetic patients had mostly non-union. CONCLUSION: the study found that the most associating Patient-dependent Factors were cigarettes smoking and Diabetes mellitus, also most fractures failure were diagnosed as delayed union, non-union, and malunion respectively and we can help prevent these complications by controlling DM and stop cigarettes smoking.