Three Years Analysis Of Poisoning Cases Of Forensic Medicine Toxicological Laboratory, Khyber Medical College, Peshawar.

BACKGROUND: Poison is defined as any substance which harms, endangers or even kills a person irrespective of the quality or quantity. Pakistan is a developing country and farming is the major occupation of the majority of the population. Due to the easy availability and increased use of pesticides, the accidental and suicidal poisoning is very common. The objective of the study is to find out the most common poison used by the people in the general population and its frequency in our setup. METHODS: The present cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection was undertaken in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Khyber Medical College (KMC) Peshawar to determine the frequency of different poisons detected in various samples brought to the toxicological laboratory. A three-year data (1stJanuary 2014 to 31 December 2016) was retrieved from Forensic Laboratory of KMC, Peshawar. Different methods were used for the detection of poisons. All the cases coming from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province were included whereas; cases from other provinces were excluded. RESULTS: The study revealed that poisoning was more common among females and the most common age group affected was 21-25 years. The incidence of positive cases was more in Peshawar district followed by Swat district. The common poison detected was phosphine (wheat pill). CONCLUSIONS: Female and young people from Peshawar and Swat are more prone to Aluminum Phosphide (wheat pill) poison. It is a dangerous and lethal poison, so healthcare workers at emergency department ought to be prepared for such cases. Furthermore, its routine use as a domestic pesticide has to be strictly prohibited by creating awareness among the public.

Incidence Of Paraphenylene-Diamine Poisoning In Three Districts Headquarter Hospitals Of Pakistan.

BACKGROUND: Paraphenylene-diamine (PPD) poisoning is an emerging problem of developing African and South Asian countries. This study was done with the objective to determine the clinical lab diagnostic accuracy of serum creatinine phosphokinase in cases initially reporting facial oedema followed by renal failure and rhabdomyolysis due to paraphenylene-diamine (PPD) poisoning. METHODS: It was a cross-sectional study in which data was retrospectively collected at District Head Quarter (DHQ) Hospitals. Data was collected over a period of one year from Jan- Dec 2018. Data was collected from the patient file records. Data was analysed on SPSS version 20. RESULTS: In the present study, 658 cases of Kala Pathar poisoning presented and treated. M: F ratio was 5:20. There were 518 (78.8%) females. Majority of the female patients were married 488 (94%). Most common clinical manifestations included marked facial oedema; dysphagia and stridor. Post complications include rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure which developed after two to five days. Initial lab investigations within 6-8 hours after ingestion showed marked increase in TLC count, ALT and Na+ ions. There was marked elevation of serum CPK (1400±200 U/L) levels after 24 hours. CONCLUSIONS: PPD poisoning is more common in females of younger age group belonging to rural areas. Early diagnosis and prompt supportive treatment within 2-12 hours of ingestion can save many lives. There is no specific antidote available for this poison.

Death in the home: domestic violence against women in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

BACKGROUND: Domestic or Interpersonal Violence (IPV) remains a major global problem often resulting in morbidity and mortality. The present study was conducted to determine the scope of deaths related to domestic violence in the Khyber Pakhunkhwa province, Pakistan. METHODS: Data were collected on all reported female fatalities due to domestic violence for the years 2009-2011 from the records of the department of Forensic Medicine, Khyber Medical College Peshawar for analysis. RESULTS: A total of 305 deaths were reported, showing an increasing trend of 115 deaths for 2009-10 and 190 deaths for 2010-2014. The majority, 182 (59.7%) belonged to the rural areas and 123 (40.3%) to urban areas of the province. Victims were generally of the younger age groups (17% below age 16 and 42.3% between 17-32 years). Homicide was the manner of death in 293 (96.1%) while the most common causative agent was firearm injury (235, 77.1%). Head and neck injuries were most common (52.6%) followed by the chest and abdomen (31.6%) while multiple sites and extremities accounted for 15.8% of injuries. CONCLUSION: Young and adult females of KPK province of Pakistan are susceptible to homicidal deaths due to domestic violence, perpetrated through firearm injuries to the head and neck regions.

Analysis of homicidal deaths in Peshawar, Pakistan.

BACKGROUND: Homicide is one ofthe oldest crimes in human civilization. For every person who dies as a result of homicide, many more are injured. A study of the patterns of homicide in a society is one of the first steps in developing strategies to prevent it. This study was conducted at the department of Forensic Medicine Khyber Medical College, Peshawar, to know the patterns of homicide, taking it as the first step in the prevention of this crime. METHODS: This study includes 520 cases of homicide out of the total of 662 medico-legal autopsies conducted at Khyber Medical College, Peshawar, during the year 2002. The cases have been labeled as homicide on the basis of autopsy and police inquest. RESULTS: The homicide rate for Peshawar during the period under study was 22.9/100,000. Males constituted 86.15% ofthe victims. 32% of the victims were in their third decade of life. Firearms were the causative agent in 86% of the cases. Chest was the primarily targeted area of the body. The highest number of homicides occurred in the month of November. CONCLUSIONS: The homicide rate is alarmingly high in Peshawar as is the use of firearms. This is something that should be seriously looked at by the policy makers.