[The Regional Risk Factors of Mortality Of Adult Population Because Of Leading Non-Infectious Diseases].

The analysis of data of 2000--2014 established a significant decreasing of total mortality of population of the Republic of Tatarstan. however, this occurrence concerns in a greater degree individuals of retirement age than able-bodied population. The percentage of mortality in connection with diseases of blood circulation diseases, diseases of respiratory system and neoplasms decreased in total mortality and elder age category but remained stable or even increased in population of able-bodied age. The anthropogenic load on objects of environment significantly effects mortality of population of able-bodied age (with wider spectrum of significant parameters) and elder age in the above listed classes of diseases. The values of generalized dispersion explain 95--98% of dispersion of intial indices of chemical pollution of the territory positively and/or negatively correlating with coefficients of mortality in main non-infectious diseases.

[The genetic component of chronic respiratory diseases in workers of foundry productions].

Review of the literature shows that currently there is an accumulation of data on the genetic determination of individual susceptibility to adverse industrial factors. Material of the research were high molecular DNA samples isolated from epithelial mouth scrapings in 99 foundry workers. Study of polymorphic variants of interleukin genes was performed by means of the analysis ofproducts of amplification of specific regions of the genome. Homozygous genotype TNF-a (-308A/G) was established to increase the relative risk of shaping of chronic respiratory diseases: with AA alleles - by 6.4 times and GG alleles - by 2.4 times, while the heterozygous genotype (AG) decreases - by 1. 9 times. Polymorphism of gene IL-1ß (+3953 T / C) had no significance for the development of respiratory disease. Genotyping interleukins, involved in the inflammatory responses of the bronchopulmonary tract, can be considered as an element ofprimary prevention in industries with a high risk for shaping of respiratory diseases.

[CHEMICAL FACTOR IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASES].

In the presented review there is discussed the dynamics of diseases of the endocrine system of the population, including diabetes and thyroid pathology and the modern view on the importance of chemical factors (pesticides, arsenic, essential and toxic elements) for their formation.

[Cardiac comorbidity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: diagnosis and economics].

AIM: To provide a clinical and economic rationale for the comprehensive examination of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), by using functional and ultrasound methods for the early detection of cardiac comorbidity. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Three hundred and sixteen patients (33 with COPD, 44 with COPD + hypertension, 73 with COPD + coronary heart disease (CHD), 36 with hypertension, 50 with CHD, 19 with asthma, and 28 with asthma + hypertension) and 33 apparently healthy individuals were examined using 611 indicators obtained directly or by calculation during echocardiography, carotid artery duplex scanning, and 24-hour electrocardiographic (ECG) and blood pressure (BP) monitoring. RESULTS: Cardiovascular diseases develop in patients with COPD in its early stages. In cardiac comorbidity, the length of hospital stay increases by 1-1.5 days in patients with COPD; the number of people admitted to hospital more than once every 3 years rises from 14 to 28%; the cost of a pharmacotherapy cycle is 1.35- and 2.95-fold higher when COPD is concurrent with hypertension and CHD, respectively. CONCLUSION: In addition to ECG and spirometry, the management standard for patients with COPD should include echocardiography, 24-hour ECG and BP monitoring, and, according to their results, carotid artery duplex scanning.

[Current trends in the use of pesticides].

The aim of this study--to identify the main trends in the use of pesticides at the present stage. Since 2004, in the Republic of Tatarstan, there is observed an increase of the discharge of pesticides, the list of drugs and cultivated area. The introduction of minimum tillage on technology was shown to have led to an increase in the share of herbicide to 86.2% and significantly changed their range. Glyphosate became the main active ingredient.

[Occupational risk for development of respiratory diseases in foundry shop workers at machinery industries].

The paper provides the results of assessment of prior and posterior occupational risks and those of questionnaire analysis in foundry shop workers from machinery enterprises. According to the data of attestation of job places, the working conditions of major foundry occupations were ascertained to correspond to class 3, grades 1 to 3. The prior risk for occupational respiratory diseases (RD) was defined as moderate whereas the posterior risk was high. According to the results of a questionnaire survey, more than half of the workers sought medical advice for bronchopulmonary pathology. Determination of whether there is, in terms of the etiological share, a cause-and-effect relationship between RDs and working conditions has shown that the occupation was highly responsible, which suggests that harmful industrial factors make a considerable contribution to the development of RDs in the workers of the enterprises under study.

Utilization of photon orbital angular momentum in the low-frequency radio domain.

We show numerically that vector antenna arrays can generate radio beams that exhibit spin and orbital angular momentum characteristics similar to those of helical Laguerre-Gauss laser beams in paraxial optics. For low frequencies (< or = 1 GHz), digital techniques can be used to coherently measure the instantaneous, local field vectors and to manipulate them in software. This enables new types of experiments that go beyond what is possible in optics. It allows information-rich radio astronomy and paves the way for novel wireless communication concepts.

[Hygienic assessment of textbooks for educational establishments of different types].

The role of hygienic parameters of prints in the development of fatigue and this or that abnormality in schoolchildren of today has been inadequately studied. Practically every three or two textbooks on the humanities, analyzed by the authors, show breaches of the orders of educational publishing products; they are much less significantly encountered in the textbooks on natural sciences and, in isolated instances, in those on mathematical sciences. Thus, due to the variations in their weight, the lettering of a body text, high component complexity and abstractedness, the textbooks are a risk factor for visual, nervous, and musculoskeletal diseases among pupils of educational establishments, particularly those of the innovation type. The problems associated of the present-day textbook are of no hygienic order, although they may exert a considerable impact on pupils' efficiency.

[Evaluation of pollution of an urban area by level of heavy metals in snow cover]. / Otsenka zagriazneniia gorodskoi territorii po soderzhaniiu tiazhelykh metallov v snezhnom pokrove.

The goal of this study was to systematize various methodological approaches to evaluating the contamination of the snow cover with heavy metals (HM) by using Kazan, an industrial city with diversified industry, as an example. The findings suggest that it is necessary to characterize the contamination of the snow cover by the actual entrance of an element per area unit of the snow cover for a definite period of time rather than by the concentration of TM in the volume unit of snow water (mg/l), which minimizes the uncertainties with spatial and temporary snow cover variations. The index of the maximum allowable entrance, which is of practical value, may be used to objectively calibrate the pollution of the snow cover, by estimating the amount of a coming element and its toxicity.

[Analysis of mortality rate as a result of alcoholic poisoning]. / Analiz smertnosti ot alkogol'nykh otravlenii.

The indices of mortality due to intoxication by alcohol and its surrogates in a region studied during the 90-ies essentially differ depending on an information source. An analysis of the alcoholic situation in the region and en elaboration of preventive measures cannot be limited to data on the consumption of alcohol (provided by the State Statistics Committee) showing only the volume of statistically registered sales of alcoholic beverages through the trade network. If this factor is ignored, erroneous conclusions can be made on both the volumes of average-per-capita consumption of alcohol and on the reasons of changes in people's health indices.

[Problems of hygienic assessment in the certification of work sites by the working conditions]. / Voprosy gigienicheskoi otsenki pri attestatsii rabochikh mest po usloviiam truda.

The rating of working places by labour conditions is an important first practical step of introducing state management by an occupational risk. To achieve the goals of rating stipulated in the guidelines requires the correction and specification of some rating provisions.

[Allergic diseases in workers producing household chemical products]. / Allergicheskie zabolevaniia u rabotaiushchikh na proizvodstvakh bytovoi khimii.

The examination covered 143 individuals engaged into production of synthetic foaming and paste-forming detergents, cosmetic and hygienic aerosols. Polls, immunologic surveys and specific allergologic examination revealed that 40% of the subjects had immunologic disorders and allergies, and 72% of this share was occupied by the workers of the aerosol production. Skin allergic diseases were prevalent. The risk factors for allergic diseases could be traced to congenital propensity, joint effects of multiple chemicals. All the employees at placement should undergo specific allergologic examination by means of general set of non-infectious allergens and determination of serum IgE level.

[Values of antipyrine test in female workers of household chemistry plants]. / Pokazateli antipirinovogo testa u rabotnits bytovoi khimii.

Statistical processing did not reveal the influence of profession, length of service, age of female workers of domestic chemistry factories on the values of antipyrine test. Labor conditions, irrespective of industrial factors, changed the test parameters in 39% of female workers.

[Early signs of renal pathology in small intensity chemical exposure]. / O rannikh priznakakh pochechnoi patologii pri khimicheskikh vozdeistviiakh maloi intensivnosti.

Occupational exposure to vapours, gases and aerosols promotes increase of renal diseases incidence. Wider use of anamnestic data is recommended during preliminary and regular check-ups of this population.

[The working conditions and morbidity with temporary loss of work capacity for those engaged in the manufacture of household chemical preparations]. / Usloviia truda i zabolevaemost' s vremennoi utratoi trudosposobnosti rabotaiushchikh na proizvodstve preparatov bytovoi khimii.

Workers engaged in production of household chemical goods (paints, synthetic detergents, aerosols) are exposed to harmful factors (noise levels higher than the maximal allowable ones, concentration of chemical agents in the air surpassing the MACs). Such work conditions are estimated as unfavourable according to the hygienic classification. The total morbidity and some nosologic forms (respiratory, digestive, locomotor systems and skin) are growing in number especially in workers of aerosol production. Statistic analysis revealed that the length of service was directly related to the level of total morbidity and the incidence of gastrointestinal diseases in the workers engaged in manufacture of household chemical goods.

[Detection of the autonomic dystonia syndrome during periodic medical examinations of industrial workers]. / Vyiavlenie sindroma vegetativnoi distonii pri periodicheskikh meditsinskikh osmotrakh rabotaiushchikh na proizvodstve.

Prevalence of the vegetative dystonia syndrome (VDS) among the workers at a chemical plant increased depending on the duration of work, industrial noise being the major factor in the hazardous working conditions. The VDS risk groups were traced in the age-group beyond 40 with the duration of work over 10 years. The following techniques can be adequately used in the VDS detection: baresthesiometry , cardiointervalometry at rest and cardiointervalographic assessment of the Ashmer reflex, which facilitate determination of the specific nature and manifestations of the pathologic developments, as well as an adequate choice of their correction.