RESUMO
Cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs) are vascular multifactorial, multigenic ailments with intricate genetic, environmental risk influences. The present study aimed to establish affiliation of CVAs/stroke with blood parameters, differences in prescribed drugs consumption, and with differences in homocysteine pathway genes polymorphisms. The participants in study included controls n = 251, transient ischemic attack (TIA) patients n = 16, and stroke cases n = 122, respectively, (total participants, n = 389). The analyzed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) included C677T(rs1801133), A1298C(rs1801131) of methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase ( MTHFR ), A2756G(rs1805087) of methyl tetrahydrofolate homocysteine methyltransferase/methionine synthase ( MS ), and the A192G(rs662) of paraoxonase 1( PON1 ) genes, all validated by tetra-primer allele refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (T-ARMS-PCR). The insertion deletion (I/D; rs4646994) polymorphism in angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE ) gene was analyzed using routine PCR. All studied traits were scrutinized through analysis of variance (ANOVA), and later through regression analysis. Through ANOVA and multiple comparison, there was association of CVA with serum homocysteine, cholesterol, and with diastolic blood pressure readings. When data was subjected to regression, serum homocysteine and diastolic blood pressure (significant through ANOVA), as well as two additional traits, high-density lipoproteins (HDL), and rs1801133 MTHFR SNP sustained statistical significance and noteworthy odds in relation to CVA and stroke. The ailments affecting cerebral vasculature are mutifactorial, whereby genes, proteins, and environmental cues all exert cumulative effects enhancing CVA risk. The current study emphasizes that SNPs and variation in circulating biomarkers can be used for screening purposes and for reviewing their effects in stroke/CVA-linked risk progression.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The weak zonule's predisposition to complications during conventional cataract surgery is one of the common risk factor for poor visual acuity after surgery. The present study was conducted to determine the frequency and types of complications during cataract surgery in patients with Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome. METHODS: A cross sectional descriptive study based on non probability sampling of patients having pseudoexfoliation syndrome admitted for cataract surgery in tertiary care hospitals was carried out spread over 4 years. The data of all variables of interest were entered and analyzed through SPSS version 15.0. RESULTS: A total of 200 eyes of 122 patients having Psuedoexfoliation were included in the study. Vitreal prolapse in 21 (10.5%) and posterior capsular rupture in 18 (9%) patients were the most common complications seen in Pseudoexfoliation. Damage to sphincter pupillae in 16 (8%), iridodialysis in 2 (1%), decentration of IOL in 8 (4%) and hyphaema in 2 (1%) patients was seen. Zonular dialysis in 8 (4%), retained lens matter in 12 (6%) and lens dislocation was seen in 6 (3%) patients. CONCLUSION: Patients with pseudoexfoliation are at increased risk for development of complications. Ophthalmologists should stress to increase awareness among general public for the proper diagnosis and convince patients for proper and regular follow up visits to the hospital.
