Alkaline cystitis - a delayed presentation post transurethral resection of prostate. A case discussion and literature review.

Alkaline encrusted cystitis is a chronic inflammatory condition. It is rare now because of appropriate antibiotics. It is a challenging situation with regard to its diagnosis and management. We are presenting an interesting case of alkaline cystitis post transurethral resection of prostate. The management includes careful acidification of urine, curettage of calcified material, and appropriate antibiotics.

Management of encrusted ureteric stent and impacted stone in pregnancy - a challenging dilemma.

We are presenting an interesting case of impacted stone and stent in a pregnant patient. We have proved safe use of ureteroscopy and laser in pregnancy with minimal x-ray exposure.

Milk of calcium (MOC) cysts masquerading as renal calculi - a trap for the unwary.

Milk of calcium (MOC) is a colloidal suspension of calcium salts occurring in calyceal cysts and diverticula. Although reported to be rare, in fact it seems to be more common than previously thought. It has characteristic appearances on plain x-rays, ultrasound, and CT imaging particularly in the prone and supine positions. Often entirely asymptomatic, its appearance may be mistaken for renal stones on radiography or angiomyolipomas on ultrasonography. In this paper, a series of cases is presented outlining its characteristic features and reviewing the relevant literature.

Use of X-ray fluoroscopy in orthopedic operations: The patient's perspective.

We collected data from 50 patients who had orthopedic trauma surgery involving X-ray fluoroscopy. All patients were interviewed post-operatively. The aim of the study was to find out what patients thought of orthopedic trauma surgery, the radiation involved, and their concerns post-trauma surgery. Were they given information about the procedures? Did the surgery follow the Department of Health, UK guidelines? That is, consent should be informed, etc. Results showed that most of the patients were unaware of the fact that they were X-rayed during the operation; hence the emphasis on informed consent should be stressed. Most of the patients were unaware about the availability of any protective clothing (lead shield). Even some female patients were unaware of the harmful effects of the radiation on the fetus. Hence, we recommend that more information and education be given to orthopedic trauma patients regarding X-rays.