Evaluation of catalytic activity of human and animal origin viral neuraminidase: Current prospect.

With the exception of plants, almost all living organisms synthesize neuraminidase/sialidase. It is a one among the crucial proteins that controls how virulent a microorganism is. An essential enzyme in orthomyxoviruses and paramyxoviruses that destroys receptors is neuraminidase. It plays a number of roles throughout the viral life cycle in addition to one that involves the release of progeny virus particles. This protein is an important target for therapeutic interventions and diagnostic assays. Neuraminidase inhibitors effectively prevent the spread of disease and viral infection. Sensitive, quick, and inexpensive high throughput assays are needed to screen for specific neuraminidase inhibitory chemicals. To characterize the neuraminidase catalytic activity, however, the traditional assays are still the most common in laboratories. This review gives a brief overview of these neuraminidase assays and recent, innovative developments, particularly those involving biosensors.

Recent progress in electrochemical biosensors as point of care diagnostics in livestock health.

Livestock are critical component for supporting the sustainable agriculture in the current global scenario. In the era of artificial intelligence and automation in field of livestock, sensors play an important role. Electrochemical sensor is the type of sensor which holds reliability and tremendous promise in raising the animal productivity in developing world. An early and accurate diagnosis of the animal pathogen and metabolic status are the cornerstone for better animal productivity. The available diagnostic techniques require tedious sample preparation, sophisticated instrument, dedicated laboratory, trained personnel and it is time consuming also. The electrochemical biosensor technology might be a smart solution because of its sensitivity, simplicity, low cost, possible miniaturization and potential ability for real-time analysis. In the veterinary disease diagnostics, various biosensors including electrochemical biosensors have been developed recently, based on disease specific biomarkers. The main focus of article is on reviewing the research in detection of animal infectious and metabolic diseases, hormonal analysis and sweat analysis with electrochemical biosensor.