RESUMO
In recent years, due to reduced training opportunities, the major shift in surgical training is towards the use of simulation and animal laboratories. Despite the merits of Virtual Reality Simulators, they are far from representing the real challenges encountered in theatres. We introduce the "Cattle Uterus Model" in the hope that it will be adopted in training courses as a low cost and easy-to-set-up tool. It adds new dimensions to the advanced hysteroscopic surgery training experience by providing tactile sensation and simulating intraoperative difficulties. It complements conventional surgical training, aiming to maximise clinical exposure and minimise patients' harm.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Bone stress injuries are common among army cadets during training period and these injuries give rise to morbidity and loss of training hours. Some cadets with stress fractures re-join their duties while some are kept out of services resulting in attrition and economic loss. A retrospective analysis of bone stress injuries of one hundred and twenty cadets between June 2006 and Dec 2007 was conducted from the case documents available at Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Oncology & Radiotherapy (INOR) Abbottabad. RESULTS: The occurrence of stress fractures among cadets at Pakistan Military Academy, presenting with exercise induced pain was 68.3% amongst these cadets. Seventy fours percent of the fractures were labelled grade-I. High grade fractures were confined to tibia. Tibia was the commonest site of stress fractures in both sexes, accounting for about 73% of all stress fractures. Fifty percent of these patients were labelled as having shin splints and 3% as thigh splints. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the stress injuries were confined to the tibia. The referral was considered early as most of the stress injuries were of low grade.
