[Autoimmune encephalitis: psychiatric aspects]. / Autoimmunnye entsefality: psikhiatricheskie aspekty.

Autoimmune encephalitis is a group of diseases researched by both neurologists and psychiatrists. Despite a large number of studies and practical recommendations, the differential diagnosis and early diagnostics still remains an important issue. The most difficult to diagnose are cases that debut as mental disorders and/or occur without neurological symptoms. The literature review presents the current state of the problem with an emphasis on the practice of a psychiatrist.

[Autoimmune encephalitis in psychiatric institution (clinical case)]. / Autoimmunnyi entsefalit v praktike psikhiatra (klinicheskii sluchai).

Currently there is a new concept of «molecular neuropsychiatry¼ which aim is identification of biomarkers and biological substrates for mental disorders. Autoimmune encephalitis can start with psychiatric symptoms in 60% of cases. In this article we described a clinical case of a patient, 31 years old, with GABAb-associated AE started with acute polymorphic psychosis. AE was diagnosed and treated in time with a good clinical effect. According to the frequency of psychiatric symptoms in AE patients it should be reasonable to include antineuronal test in CSF and serum in patients with first acute psychosis if «red flags¼ or atypical course of the disease.

[Social, demographic and clinical characteristics of female patients with schizophrenia and HIV]. / Sotsial'no-demograficheskie i klinicheskie osobennosti VICh-infitsirovannykh zhenshchin, bol'nykh shizofreniei.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate social, demographic and clinical characteristics of women with schizophrenia and HIV. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Medical histories of patients who were in inpatient treatment during 2017 were retrospectively studied. A total of 174 medical histories were analyzed, but the final analysis included 40 HIV-infected patients (main groups) and 48 patients without HIV infection (comparison group). These groups included patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or acute polymorphic psychotic disorder. All patients with HIV infection were examined by a specialist and an immunological analysis was performed. Correlation analysis was performed between quantitative clinical indicators (duration of illness, number of hospitalizations, the number and duration of remissions, etc.) and immunological parameters. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Patients with schizophrenia and HIV infection are more often hospitalized and stay in the hospital longer than patients with schizophrenia without HIV infection, which may in part be determined by the social problems of this cohort of patients. There is a relationship between individual indicators of the immune status of the patients, the duration and some features of the course of mental illness. Regular treatment of HIV infection correlates with a lower frequency of hospitalizations in a psychiatric hospital due to an exacerbation of the mental state.

[The use of long acting antipsychotics in outpatient care]. / Analiz opyta primeneniya antipsikhotikov prolongirovannogo deistviya v ambulatornoi sluzhbe.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of administration, efficacy and safety of long acting antipsychotics in day-to-day psychiatric practice in outpatient clinics. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 90 patients with schizophrenia treated with haloperidol decanoate (n=18), rispolept consta (n=19), clopixol depot (n=25), paliperidone palmitate (n=25). Symptoms of schizophrenia were assessed with PANSS during 12 months. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The use of long acting antipsychotics has proven to be effective and safe to control all symptom clusters in patients regardless of the disease duration.

[Antioxidant status in patients with paranoid schizophrenia and Alzheimer disease]. / Antioksidantnyi status pri paranoidnoi shizofrenii i bolezni Al'tsgeimera.

OBJECTIVE: To study the antioxidant profile of blood plasma in patients with paranoid schizophrenia and Alzheimer disease (AD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-three patients with paranoid schizophrenia and 18 patients with AD were included in the study. Patients with schizophrenia were stratified into two subgroups by response to therapy. The indicators of the antioxidant profile were determined using methods based on chemiluminometry and spectrofluorimetry. RESULTS: Systemic oxidative stress due to insufficiency of low molecular weight plasma antioxidants is not determined neither in AD nor in treatment resistant schizophrenia. At the same time, a «thiol¼ oxidative stress, which indirectly indicates a deficiency of the glutathione system, is present in both groups. In patients with paranoid schizophrenia responsive to treatment, systemic oxidative stress is more pronounced and «thiol¼ oxidative stress is less significant. Among the antipsychotics studied, haloperidol, zuclopenthixol, risperidone and ziprasidone do not exhibit antioxidant properties, but periciazine, clozapine and especially chlorpromazine exhibit strong antioxidant properties, but they unlikely affect the antioxidant potential of blood plasma. CONCLUSIONS: The glutathione part of the antioxidant system is mostly affected, but systemic oxidative stress is not significant in patients with treatment resistant paranoid schizophrenia and AD. Oxidative disorders are more pronounced in treatment responsive paranoid schizophrenia.

[The functional activity of neutrophils in paranoid schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease]. / Funktsional'naya aktivnost' neitrofilov pri paranoidnoi shizofrenii i bolezni Al'tsgeimera.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the radical-producing function of neutrophils in paranoid schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 40 patients with paranoid schizophrenia and 22 with Alzheimer's disease. To assess the functional activity of neutrophils, whole blood samples were analyzed using the chemiluminescent method with two-step cell stimulation. Indicators of radical-producing activity of neutrophils in patients were compared to those in age-matched healthy people. RESULTS: The quantitative indicators of radical-producing activity of neutrophils in the paranoid schizophrenia group and in the Alzheimer's disease group correspond to reference intervals of healthy donors, however almost one third of patients with paranoid schizophrenia had an altered shape of the chemiluminescent curve. CONCLUSION: The neutrophil immune response might be involved in the pathogenesis of paranoid schizophrenia only in some cases.

[Impairment of attention and executive functions in patients with paranoid schizophrenia].

To study changes in attention and executive functions during psychopharmacotherapy in patients with paranoid schizophrenia, we have examined 120 patients with a first episode of paranoid schizophrenia treated with typical and atypical neuroleptics. Clinical and statistical analyses have revealed the heterogeneity within treatment groups that allowed to define two subgroups. These subgroups were characterized by a differed disease course (favorable or poor type). Before remission was achieved, the effect of atypical neuroleptics on cognitive performance was higher compared to typical neuroleptics. After remission, when doses of neuroleptics were decreased, a type of disease course played a main role. At 6 months after remission, attention and executive functions have improved in subgroups with favorable course of disease regardless of treatment.