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1.
Microorganisms ; 11(10)2023 Sep 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37894083

RESUMO

Non-typhoidal salmonellosis (NTS) caused by ingesting Salmonella enterica contaminated food or drink remains a major bacterial foodborne disease. Clinical outcomes of NTS range from self-limited gastroenteritis to life-threatening invasive NTS (iNTS). In this study, we isolated Salmonella spp. from the stool and blood of patients hospitalized at Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, Chiang Mai, Thailand, between 2016-2021 (a total of 395 cases). Then, serovar Typhimurium and Enteritidis were identified and further characterized by multiplex PCR, and multi-locus sequence typing. Our data show that multidrug resistance (MDR) sequence type 34 (ST34) and ST11 are the predominant sequence types for serovars Typhimurium and Enteritidis, respectively. Most S. Typhimurium ST34 lacks spvB, and most S. Enteritidis ST11 harbor sseI, sodCI, rpoS and spvB genes. NTS can be found in a wide range of ages, and anemia could be a significant factor for S. Typhimurium infection (86.3%). Both S. Typhimurium (6.7%) and S. Enteritidis (25.0%) can cause iNTS in immunocompromised patients. S. Typhimurium conferred MDR phenotype higher than S. Enteritidis with multiple antibiotic resistance indexes of 0.22 and 0.04, respectively. Here, we characterized the important S. Typhimurium, S. Enteritidis, and human clinical factors of NTS within the region.

2.
Microbiol Immunol ; 64(10): 679-693, 2020 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32803887

RESUMO

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium [STM]) is a leading cause of nontyphoidal salmonellosis (NTS) worldwide. The pathogenesis of NTS has been studied extensively using a streptomycin-pretreated mouse colitis model with the limited numbers of laboratory STM strains. However, the pathogenicity of the clinically isolated STM (STMC) strains endemic in Thailand in mice has not been explored. The aim of this study was to compare the pathogenicity of STMC strains collected from Northern Thailand with the laboratory STM (IR715) in mice. Five STMC isolates were obtained from the stool cultures of patients with acute NTS admitted to Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital in 2016 and 2017. Detection of virulence genes and sequence type (ST) of the strains was performed. Female C57BL/6 mice were pretreated with streptomycin sulfate 1 day prior to oral infection with STM. On Day 4 postinfection, mice were euthanized, and tissues were collected to analyze the bacterial numbers, tissue inflammation, and cecal histopathological score. We found that all five STMC strains are ST34 and conferred the same or reduced pathogenicity compared with that of IR715 in mice. A strain-specific effect of ST34 on mouse gut colonization was also observed. Thailand STM ST34 exhibited a significant attenuated systemic infection in mice possibly due to the lack of spvABC-containing virulence plasmid.


Assuntos
Colite/patologia , Gastroenterite/patologia , Salmonelose Animal/patologia , Salmonella typhimurium/patogenicidade , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Animais , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Células CACO-2 , Linhagem Celular , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Testes de Sensibilidade a Antimicrobianos por Disco-Difusão , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla/genética , Feminino , Gastroenterite/microbiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tipagem de Sequências Multilocus , Plasmídeos/genética , Células RAW 264.7 , Salmonella typhimurium/classificação , Salmonella typhimurium/efeitos dos fármacos , Salmonella typhimurium/isolamento & purificação , Tailândia , Virulência/genética , Adulto Jovem
3.
Intern Med ; 50(9): 991-8, 2011.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21532221

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The etiological agents associated with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in Thailand have been studied extensively in bacterial pathogens, but not in viral pathogens. To clarify the association of viral pathogens with CAP, we conducted a comprehensive study of viral and bacterial pathogens in patients with CAP. METHODS: We enrolled 119 hospitalized patients with CAP in Nakornping Hospital, Chiang Mai, Thailand between 2006 and 2008. The severity of pneumonia was classified and the risk factors for death were estimated. Bacterial and fungal pathogens were determined from specimens taken from blood and sputum, and viral pathogens were identified from nasopharyngeal specimens by RT-PCR using primers specific for 7 respiratory viruses. RESULTS: Overall, 29 patients were HIV-infected and 90 patients were non-HIV-infected. The microbial pathogens most commonly isolated among HIV-infected patients were: 4 Klebsiella pneumoniae, 4 Mycobacterium tuberculosis and 3 Haemophilus influenzae. Among non-HIV infected patients, predominant microbial pathogens were: 6 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 5 Haemophilus influenzae and 4 Klebsiella pneumoniae. As for viral pathogens for CAP, influenza virus was identified from 2 HIV-infected patients and 5 non-HIV infected patients. In addition, human rhinovirus (HRV) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) were identified from 2 patients each among non-HIV-infected patients. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates that the most common viral agent was influenza virus (5%), followed by HRV (2%) and RSV (2%) among CAP patients in northern Thailand. The underlying chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) seems to be correlated with the severity of illness.


Assuntos
Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/etiologia , Pneumonia/etiologia , Viroses/complicações , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Sequência de Bases , Resfriado Comum/complicações , DNA Viral/genética , DNA Viral/isolamento & purificação , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Infecções por Haemophilus/etiologia , Haemophilus influenzae , Humanos , Influenza Humana/complicações , Infecções por Klebsiella/etiologia , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pneumonia Bacteriana/etiologia , Pneumonia Viral/etiologia , Infecções por Pseudomonas/etiologia , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial/complicações , Fatores de Risco , Tailândia , Tuberculose Pulmonar/etiologia , Adulto Jovem
4.
J Infect Chemother ; 14(2): 105-9, 2008 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18622672

RESUMO

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections are prevalent in Thailand. However, the clinical and microbiological characteristics of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in such patients are not completely clear at present. In the present study, we analyzed the characteristics of CAP in 191 HIV-infected patients (192 episodes, 130 males and 61 females, mean age 32.9 years, range: 20-62) who had been admitted to Nakornping Hospital in northern Thailand between December 1996 and January 2002. The mean peripheral blood CD4 lymphocyte count was 68.5/mm3 (range: 0-791). The most common organisms detected in the blood of the subjects were as follows: Penicillium marneffei, 13, Salmonella spp., 5, Cryptococcus neoformans, 4, Staphylococcus aureus, 3, and Rhodococcus equi, 3, and the most common organisms detected in sputum included Haemophilus influenzae, 38, P. marneffei, 10, Streptococcus pneumoniae, 10, R. equi, 9, and S. aureus, 9. Life-threatening meningitis in 5 (cryptococcal in 3 and tuberculous in 2), pneumothorax in 2, and tuberculous lymphadenitis in 1 were also noted, resulting in 21 fatalities (10.9%). The mean peripheral blood CD4 lymphocyte count for cases in which the subject died was 74.8/mm3 (range: 0-340). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that high age (odds ratio of over 40 years: 15.62) and R. equi infection (odds ratio: 8.14) are related to death of HIV-infected patients with CAP. The above findings indicate that various types of organisms, including mixed organisms, cause CAP in HIV-infected patients in northern Thailand, and high age and R. equi infection seem to be risk factors for death.


Assuntos
Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Pneumonia , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/microbiologia , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/mortalidade , Adulto , Sangue/microbiologia , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/microbiologia , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/mortalidade , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/mortalidade , Humanos , Pneumopatias Fúngicas/microbiologia , Pneumopatias Fúngicas/mortalidade , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pneumonia/microbiologia , Pneumonia/mortalidade , Pneumonia Bacteriana/microbiologia , Pneumonia Bacteriana/mortalidade , Escarro/microbiologia , Tailândia/epidemiologia
6.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17539244

RESUMO

A comparison between the common house fly, Musca domestica, and the Oriental latrine fly, Chrysomya megacephala, was assessed for their potential as carriers of bacteria in urban areas of Chiang Mai Province, northern Thailand. C. megacephala was significantly more likely to carry bacterial species than M. domestica; however, no significant difference was found between the number of positive male and female flies within the same species. A total of 42 bacterial species were isolated. The most common bacterium isolated from M. domestica was coagulase-negative staphylococci (n=57) followed by Escherichia coli (n=10) and Viridans streptococci (n=10), while that of C. megacephala was non-fermentative gram-negative bacilli (n=59) followed by coagulase-negative staphylococci (n=54).


Assuntos
Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Dípteros/microbiologia , Moscas Domésticas/microbiologia , Animais , Bactérias/classificação , Portador Sadio , Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Feminino , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/isolamento & purificação , Masculino , Staphylococcus/isolamento & purificação , Tailândia , Saúde da População Urbana
7.
J Clin Microbiol ; 41(9): 4178-83, 2003 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12958244

RESUMO

Penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae is widely spread worldwide. Our study was undertaken to examine the susceptibility and serotypes of S. pneumoniae in northern Thailand. Ninety-three S. pneumoniae strains were isolated from 93 patients at Chiang Mai University Hospital, Chiang Mai, Thailand, from September 1999 to June 2000. The strains were isolated from sputum (n = 51), blood (n = 15), nasopharynges (n = 14), and other sources (e.g., pus, ears, ascites, and cerebrospinal fluid) (n = 13). Of the 93 isolates, 29 (31.2%) were susceptible, 24 (25.8%) showed intermediate resistance (MIC, 0.12 to 1.0 micro g/ml), and 40 (43.0%) were fully resistant (MIC, >/=2.0 micro g/ml) to penicillin G. Seven (46.7%) from blood, 5 (35.7%) from nasopharynges, 15 (29.4%) from sputum, and 2 (15.4%) from other sources were susceptible isolates. Serotyping with the use of antiserum revealed differences in the predominant types that were susceptible (6A, 11A, and 19A), intermediately resistant (6B and 23F), and fully resistant (6B, 19F, and 23F). Molecular typing by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of multidrug-resistant pneumococci showed four patterns (A, B, C, and D) for 16 isolates of serotype 19F, with pattern B being predominant (12 isolates). This finding was different from that with the Taiwan multidrug-resistant serotype 19F clone. Eleven isolates of serotype 6B all showed pattern E, and nine isolates of serotype 23F showed two patterns (F and G), with pattern F being predominant (seven isolates). This finding was similar to that with the Spanish multidrug-resistant serotype 23F clone. Our results indicated that the resistance of pneumococci to antibiotics in northern Thailand is progressing rapidly and that effort should be intensified to prevent any spread of pandemic multidrug-resistant serotypes 19F, 6B, and 23F.


Assuntos
Streptococcus pneumoniae/classificação , Streptococcus pneumoniae/efeitos dos fármacos , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Eletroforese em Gel de Campo Pulsado , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Resistência às Penicilinas , Sorotipagem , Streptococcus pneumoniae/genética , Tailândia
8.
J Clin Microbiol ; 41(6): 2337-40, 2003 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12791846

RESUMO

The antimicrobial susceptibilities of 30 Rhodococcus equi isolates obtained from 30 patients between 1993 and 2001 in northern Thailand were investigated. The MICs showed a tendency toward resistance to various antibiotics but sensitivity to imipenem, minocycline, vancomycin, and teicoplanin (MICs, /=64 micro g/ml) to rifampin. PCR amplification and DNA sequencing of the rpoB gene and molecular typing by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) were performed for eight R. equi isolates from eight AIDS patients with pneumonia or lung abscess caused by R. equi between 1998 and 2001, including one low- and three high-level rifampin-resistant isolates. As a result, two high-level rifampin-resistant strains with PFGE pattern A had a Ser531Trp (Escherichia coli numbering) mutation, and one high-level rifampin-resistant strain with PFGE pattern B had a His526Tyr mutation, whereas one low-level rifampin-resistant strain with PFGE pattern C had a Ser509Pro mutation. Four rifampin-susceptible strains with PFGE patterns D and E showed an absence of mutation in the rpoB region. Our results indicate the presence of several types of rifampin-resistant R. equi strains among AIDS patients in northern Thailand.


Assuntos
Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/epidemiologia , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/microbiologia , RNA Polimerases Dirigidas por DNA/genética , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Rhodococcus equi/efeitos dos fármacos , Rifampina/farmacologia , Infecções por Actinomycetales/epidemiologia , Infecções por Actinomycetales/microbiologia , Adulto , Animais , Antibióticos Antituberculose , Feminino , Humanos , Abscesso Pulmonar/microbiologia , Masculino , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Mutação , Pneumonia Bacteriana/epidemiologia , Pneumonia Bacteriana/microbiologia , Rhodococcus equi/isolamento & purificação , Tailândia/epidemiologia
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