Microleakage of a Self-adhesive Composite of Class V Cavities: Effect of Surface Treatment and Thermocycling.

AIM: This study aimed to assess the microleakage of a self-adhesive composite compared to conventional composites in class V cavities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this in vitro experimental study, standard class V cavities were prepared in the buccal surface of 204 extracted teeth and randomly divided into six groups for restoration with (A) Vertiseflow (Kerr) self-adhesive composite, (B) acid etching (Kerr) + Vertiseflow, (C) acid etching + Optibond FL (Kerr) + Vertiseflow, (D) Er,Cr:YSGG laser + Vertiseflow, (E) acid etching + Optibond FL + Premise Flowable (Kerr), and (F) acid etching + Optibond FL + Z250 (3M). The teeth in each group were then randomly divided into two subgroups of with and without thermocycling (10,000 cycles between 5°C and 55°C). The microleakage was then determined at the enamel and dentin margins under a stereomicroscope using the dye penetration method. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test (α = 0.05). RESULTS: No significant difference was noted in occlusal margin microleakage of no thermocycling groups, but acid etching + Vertiseflow showed the highest microleakage. At the gingival margin, the difference between acid etching + bonding agent + Z250 and laser + Vertiseflow was significant (p = 0.004). In thermocycling groups, the difference in the microleakage at the occlusal margin of Vertiseflow with that of acid etching + bonding agent + Premise (p = 0.002), acid etching + bonding agent + Vertiseflow (p = 0.009), and acid etching + bonding agent + Z250 (p = 0.037) groups was significant. The difference in the microleakage at the dentin margin was also significant among the groups (p < 0.05). The highest and the lowest microleakages were noted in laser + Vertiseflow and acid etching + bonding agent + Vertiseflow groups, respectively. CONCLUSION: Surface preparation with etching and adhesive application results in lower microleakage in class V cavities. But laser irradiation and the use of self-adhesive composite increase the microleakage. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: It seems that self-adhesive composites cannot provide acceptable marginal integrity without any surface treatment.

Impact of Health Promotion Interventions on Early Childhood Caries Prevention in Children Aged 2-5 Years Receiving Dental Treatment Under General Anesthesia.

Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of health promotion interventions on early childhood caries prevention in 2-5 year-olds receiving dental treatment under general anesthesia. Materials and Methods: Thirty-seven mother-child couples presenting to the clinic of the Dental School of Tehran University of Medical Sciences for treatment under general anesthesia were randomly divided to two groups: 19 couples in the pamphlet and fluoride varnish four times a year, and 18 couples in the pamphlet plus six phone call reminders and fluoride varnish four times a year. A standard questionnaire on demographics and children oral health-related practice of parents was completed by respondents. On children's oral examination, the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S), dmft, and the presence of new white spot lesions (WS) were recorded in both phases. At the final stage, Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) was completed by parents. The length of follow-up was 24 months. Results: In both groups, there was an increase in the number of mothers who knew how to brush their children's teeth as well as the number of mothers who brushed their children's teeth (P < 0.05). In the reminder group, an improvement occurred in the mothers' perception of their perceived ability to make their children brush their teeth twice a day (P = 0.03). Clinical examination revealed a significant decrease in the OHI-S (from 1.9 ± 0.8 to 1.15 ± 0.5) and the number of WS (from 8.5 ± 5.5 to 0.08 ± 0.5) in both groups on the follow-up visit. The mean dmft was 11.0 ± 4.0 with a mean d component of 10.56 ± 4 at the baseline, which decreased significantly to 1.44 ± 1.96 after dental treatment. No significant increase was seen in new caries in the intervention groups. There was no significant difference in the ECOHIS score between the two groups. Conclusion: The similar impact of both interventions suggests the possibility of applying the simpler one, i.e., the educational pamphlet, fluoride varnish and frequent follow-ups. However, in the reminder group, the mothers' perception of their perceived ability to make children brush their teeth twice a day was improved.

Effect of Addition of Nano-TiO2, Nano-SiO2, and a Combination of Both, on Antimicrobial Activity of an Orthodontic Composite.

AIM: This study aimed to assess the effect of addition of nano-titanium oxide (nano-TiO2), nano-silicon dioxide (nano-SiO2), and a combination of both, on antimicrobial activity of an orthodontic composite. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Molds measuring 0.64 × 0.5 mm were used for the fabrication of composite disks. For this purpose, 0.5% and 1% nano-TiO2, nano-SiO2, and a combination of both (0.5% nano-TiO2 and 0.5% nano-SiO2), were mixed with Transbond XT composite (3M Unitek). A total of 180 composite disks were fabricated for eluted component, disk agar diffusion (DAD), and biofilm inhibition tests. The colony counts of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), Streptococcus sanguinis (S. sanguinis), and Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) and the diameters of growth inhibition zones were measured at 3, 15, and 30 days after exposure to the materials. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and a post hoc test. RESULTS: None of the nano-TiO2 and nano-SiO2 concentrations had any significant effect on the growth inhibition zone. All tested concentrations of nano-TiO2 and nano-SiO2 decreased the colony count of all bacteria. The composite sample containing both nano-TiO2 and nano-SiO2 had the greatest efficacy for reduction of S. mutans and S. sanguinis colony counts at all three time points. Also, 1% nano-TiO2 and 1% nano-SiO2 had similar effects on L. acidophilus in eluted component test. CONCLUSION: Addition of TiO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles conferred antimicrobial property to the tested orthodontic composite. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Using orthodontic composite containing nonoparticles with antibacterial activity may prevent dental caries.

Bactericidal Effect of Erbium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Laser and Photodynamic Therapy on Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans Biofilm on Implant Surface.

PURPOSE: Peri-implantitis is a common complication of dental implants. The first step of treatment is elimination of bacterial biofilm and disinfection of the implant surface. This study sought to compare the effects of an erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser, photodynamic therapy using an indocyanin green-based photosensitizer (ICG-based PS) and diode laser, toluidine blue O (TBO) photosensitizer and light-emitting diode (LED) light source, and 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) on biofilm of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans to sandblasted, large-grit, acid-etched (SLA) implant surfaces. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty SLA implants were divided into five groups and were incubated with A actinomycetemcomitans bacteria to form bacterial biofilm. Group 1 underwent Er:YAG laser radiation (with 10-Hz frequency, 100-mJ energy, and 1-W power); group 2 was subjected to LED (with 630-nm wavelength and maximum output intensity of 2.000 to 4.000 mW/cm(2)) and TBO as a photosensitizer; group 3 was exposed to diode laser radiation (with 810-nm wavelength and 300-mW power) and ICG-based PS; and group 4 was immersed in 2% CHX. Group 5 was the control group, and the samples were rinsed with normal saline. The number of colony-forming units (CFU) per implant was then calculated. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the five groups were compared. RESULTS: Significant differences was found between the control group and the other groups (P < .01). The lowest mean of CFU per implant count was in group 4 (P < .01), and the highest mean belonged to the control group. Photodynamic therapy by TBO + LED and ICG-based PS + diode laser was more effective than Er:YAG laser irradiation in suppression of this organism (P < .01). There was no significant difference between groups 2 and 3. CONCLUSION: The antibacterial effect of 2% CHX was greater than that of other understudy methods.