[Adenocystic carcinoma of the trachea]. / Adenokistoznyi rak trakhei.

It is presented 40-years experience of tracheal adenocystic carcinoma diagnosis and management in 144 patients. Peculiarities of clinical course and choice of diagnostic and therapeutic measures are discussed in relation to stenosis and hypoxia degree and severity of accompanying inflammatory complications of trachea, bronchi and lungs. Technical tools and original methods of resection and reconstruction of trachea and it's bifurcation after extended lung resection are described. Surgical management is carried out in 96 patients: all patients underwent circular resection of trachea (77) or it's bifurcation (19). Morbidity rate was 22.9% and mortality - 3.1%. Additional radiotherapy was carried out in 50 patients. 41 patients underwent radiotherapy alone. Radiotherapy improves remote results of management. 5-and 10-year survival rate was 78.3±6.1 and 45.9±7.9% after surgery alone, 92.0±3.9 and 77.1±6.5% after combined treatment and 76.4±6.5 and 55.0±10.7% after radiotherapy alone respectively.

[Some Aspects of Medical Activities to Overcome Consequences of Chernobyl Accident].

The results of the long term work of the Russian Scientific Centre of Roentgenology and Radiology on me- dical investigation of the participants in the liquidation of the consequences of Chernobyl power plant acci- dent have been summarized. It has been stated that circulatory system and tumor diseases occupy the leading position in the disease rate among the affected liquidators. The important role of cytogenetic investigation was pointed out. It allows us not only to determine the efficient impact on the human body but also to evaluate the effective dose of radiation, the information about which allows us to predict the development of distant post-irradiation pathology. The results of cytogenetic investigations testify to the interrelation between the level of chromosomal abnormalities and cardiovascular diseases and confirm the clinical data on the non- neoplastic.pathology among the liquidators of the accident.

[Results of surgical and combined treatment for nonsmall cell lung cancer with postoperative radiation therapy in a mode of hypofranctionation. Post II. Relapse-free survival and survival without locoregional recurrence].

Conducting postoperative radiotherapy in a mode of hypofranctionation with SFD-3Gy to TFD-36-39Gy (EQD2 = 43,246,8Gy) in combined treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer allows significantly increasing a 5-year disease-free survival at IIB-IIIB stages of the disease (pN1-2) as well as the central cancer, squamous cell morphological type of tumor after surgery in a volume of lob-bilobectomy. The clearest effect of postoperative radiotherapy is assessed by survival without locoregional recurrence where radiation therapy in the adjuvant setting allows achieving a statistically significant increase in local control of the disease to the level of 85-95% regardless of stage of the disease, tumor size, regional lymph nodes lesion and the surgical treatment.

[Surgical and combined treatment for primary carcinoma of the trachea].

Our study was conducted in patients with primary squamous cell carcinoma of the trachea and adenoid cystic carcinoma (191) (radical surgery--90; combined treatment--101). The former pathology was relatively more aggressive. Combined treatment proved more effective as compared with surgery alone (5- and 10-year survival after surgery was 79 and 64%; combined treatment--92 and 79%, respectively).

[Radical radiotherapy of primary cancer of the trachea].

The paper deals with the importance of treatment of primary cancer of the trachea and, in particular, the experience of the Center in using radical therapy for inoperable squamous cell tumors and adenoid cystic carcinoma. An original system of tumor staging developed at the Center draws on international classifications (TNIVI) and methods of radiotherapy depending on tumor localization. It is shown that tracheal malignancies, especially adenoid cystic carcinomas, are characterized by relatively high radiosensitivity.

[Specifics of surgical treatment of stomach cancer in patients 70 years of age and older].

The paper deals with immediate and end results of surgical treatment of 435 elderly patients (70-years-old or older) with gastric cancer and the specifics of postoperative complications influencing the postoperative course of the disease. Metastasis to the regional lymph nodes appeared to be a prognostic factor of crucial importance in the latter period: 5-year recurrence-free (N0) survival was 60.3% +/- 5.2 vs. 17.6% +/- 10.3 (in 1-6 lymph nodes) and 5.2% +/- 5.0 (in 7-15 lymph nodes) (N1).

[Features and risk factors of post-mastectomy, locally advanced breast cancer relapse].

Multivariate analysis of risk of locally-advanced breast cancer IA-IIIB progression was carried out in 444 patients 10 years after mastectomy in the framework of two randomized studies. Combination therapy (median 156.3 months) included mastectomy, different modalities of neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemohormonal and radiotherapy.

[Effect of metabolizable peptide p16INK4a on short-lived human tumor cultures].

The study was concerned with antitumor action of internalized peptide incorporating a fragment of p161INK4a using a model of short-lived human tumor cultures sampled from resected material. Renal cancer sample showed the greatest therapeutic interval.

[Surgical and combined treatment of lung cancer].

A 40-year experience of use of surgical and combined treatment of lung cancer is discussed (n=3,687; surgery--26.7%, combined treatment--73.3%). Eight protocols were used depending on stage of tumor, dose of radiation and fractionation pattern. Role and effectiveness of reconstruction surgery involved in lung cancer treatment are established and end results vis-à-vis main prognostic factors presented. Failed treatment and rationale for systemic chemotherapy as a component of combined treatment are evaluated.

Cytostatic and cytotoxic properties of chimeric peptides containing cyclin-inhibiting fragments.

Properties of chimeric peptides containing cell-penetrating sequences and pl6INK4a and E2F fragments were studied in vitro on immurtal cultures of human cells. Both sequences exhibit cytostatic activity. The peptide containing fragment p16INK4a inhibited proliferation during the G0/G1 stage of the cell cycle, while sequence E2F suppressed proliferation in S phase. Both sequences exhibit cytotoxic properties and can induce apoptosis.

[Postradiation and postchemotherapy complications in patients with urinary bladder cancer].

A comparison was made of chemoradiation lesions of lower urinary tract mucosa in urinary bladder (UB) cancer at stage T1-3N0-1MO and approaches to their treatment. An optimal algorithm of examination and treatment of the above patients with consideration of the disease stage and somatic status is proposed.

[Diagnosis of Vater's papilla cancer and its combination treatment and radiotherapy].

The paper considers the problems of enhancing the efficiency of diagnosis and treatment of Vater's papilla cancer complicated by jaundice, by maximally realizing the capacities of instrumental studies and by improving the procedures of combination treatment and radiotherapy for this disease. The achieved treatment results show it expedient to use combination treatment and, if radical surgery is contraindicated, radiotherapy for Vater's papilla cancer.

[Radiation diagnosis of urological complications in patients with endometrial and cervical carcinoma].

Patients receiving radical surgery or combined radiotherapy suffer from such grave postoperative urological complications as radiation-related cystitis, urinary bladder dysfunction, "shrunken" bladder, fistula, chronic renal failure, ureteral stricture and sexual disorders which affect the quality of life. Changes in function of the urinary tracts in patients with endometrial and cervical carcinoma were followed throughout the course of combined treatment. Complex examination comprised urological history, ureteral features, urinalysis, blood count, ultrasound, combined urodynamic study, nephroscintigraphy combined with excretory urography, and cystoscopy, when required. Due to all those measures, complication rates decreased while the quality of life improved.

[Cytotoxicity of chimera peptides incorporating sequences of cyclin kinases inhibitors].

The study is concerned with proapoptotic properties of chimera peptides which incorporate sequences of inhibitors of cyclin kinases p161NK4a and p21CIP/WAF1 as well as internalized sequences (Antp and tat). Sequences of the p16 type appeared to be more cytotoxic than the p21 one. Cytotoxic effect proved dependent on orientation with respect to the C or N terminal point of a polypeptide chain rather than on chimera sequence extent. Although p16 endogenous synthesis did not influence chimera peptide levels, apoptosis did not take place in certain cellular lines. Due to the rather unsophisticated nature of such synthesis, it might be used in designing individually-tailored chemotherapeutic drugs.

[Ultrasound study in the differential diagnosis of thyroid focal lesions of various origin].

The present study deals with the ultrasound differential diagnosis of thyroid lesions. A hundred and ninety-two patients, including 130 patients with benign diseases (nodular colloidal goiter) (36.9%), chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (30.7%), and adenomas (32.3%) and 62 patients with malignant diseases (thyroid cancer (88%), lymphoproliferative diseases (6.4%), and recurrent thyroid cancer) (4.8%), were clinically examined. Ultrasound studies (USS) were performed in the B- and (see text symbols) modes. The diagnosis was verified from cytological and histological findings with mandatory morphological confirmation. Interdisease comparison has shown that USS is both a screening and diagnostic technique in revealing thyroid changes and determining their site, sizes, and structure. Ultrasound pathognomonic signs were detected in different morphological types of adenomas, thyroiditis, and nodular colloidal goiter, in the classical, pseudoadenomatous and pseudocystic types of thyroid cancer. At the same time there were characteristic ultrasound parameters at the stage of pronounced changes in undifferentiated thyroid cancer (pseudothyroiditis), lymphoproliferative diseases, and acute thyroiditis. The exception was the diffuse form of chronic autoimmune thyroiditis in which both thyroid lobes were always altered.