RESUMO
Pulmonary tuberculosis is a notorious disease as it can cause severe morbidity and mortality. In this case, we discuss a 75-year-old male tuberculosis patient from a rural area with no underlying comorbidities who failed to continue anti-tubercular medication after two months. The case discusses the diagnostic modalities confirming the diagnosis, sputum culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, imaging studies, including X-ray and CT of the chest, and laboratory parameters for identifying pulmonary mycetoma. The patient is now on anti-tubercular therapy (isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol combination) and the anti-fungal drug itraconazole. Though pharmacotherapy for the treatment of mycetoma in patients with tuberculosis has a minimal role, the more appropriate treatment is surgical excision via lobectomy. As the occurrence of tuberculosis and mycetoma is a rare phenomenon, it is essential to rule out aspergillosis as both have similar presenting symptoms. Diagnosis of this co-infection can be the crucial difference between morbidity and mortality.
RESUMO
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is a cutting-edge technology that has come to light recently and shows a promising potential whose progress will change the face of medicine. This article reviews the most commonly used techniques and biomaterials for 3D bioprinting. We will also look at the advantages and limitations of various techniques and biomaterials and get a comparative idea about them. In addition, we will also look at the recent applications of these techniques in different industries. This article aims to get a basic idea of the techniques and biomaterials used in 3D bioprinting, their advantages and limitations, and their recent applications in various fields.
