[Clinical and pathophysiological features of stroke in patients with COVID-19]. / Klinicheskie i patofiziologicheskie osobennosti tserebral'nogo insul'ta u patsientov s COVID-19.

OBJECTIVE: To study of modern literature on the clinical and pathophysiological features of stroke in patients with a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Published data were searched in the electronic databases Medline (PubMed) and eLIBRARY for the period 2019-2022. RESULTS: It has been shown that patients with COVID-19 have a large number of risk factors for stroke, which may indicate that COVID-19 is a trigger for the development of the disease. Stroke predominantly occurs in 10-14 days after the onset of COVID-19, i.e. there was a delayed manifestation. Patients with stroke due to a COVID-19 are characterized by occlusion of large vessels or vessels, in which occlusion occurs extremely rarely, as well as the presence of several lesions. Specific laboratory signs are coagulopathy, the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies, as well as impaired liver and kidney function. This cohort of patients is characterized by high mortality and poor functional outcome (in more than 70% of cases). The pathogenetic mechanism underlying stroke has not been established yet, however, in patients with COVID-19, the activation of a cascade of blood coagulation and thrombosis reactions is recorded. Suppression of ACE2 due to the affinity of its receptors for the COVID-19 virus probably also plays a role in the pathogenesis of stroke, since when the virus enters the body, an imbalance of the renin-angiotensin system develops. CONCLUSION: COVID-19 can lead to the development of various neurological diseases, including stroke. Further researches are needed to study neuropathogenesis of COVID-19 and the impact of virus SARS-CoV-2 on disease progression.

[Genetic characteristics of stroke]. / Geneticheskie osobennosti tserebral'nogo insul'ta.

In the recent years there is a growing interest in identification of additional genetic factors of stroke. A growing body of evidence supports the role of genetic factors in determining the risk of both hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke. The article considers the main genes associated with susceptibility to stroke and genetic polymorphisms associated with the disease. Genetic factors, modulating inflammation process, coagulation, lipid metabolism, NO formation, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and homeostasis play a significant role in stroke development. A comprehensive analysis of different genes associated with stroke may help to detect individuals with extremely high risk of stroke and implement timely preventive measures to decrease stroke burden.

[Effect of ceruloplasmin on the oxygen tension in muscular tissue of experimental animals]. / Vplyv tseruloplazminu na napruzhennia kysniu v míazevii tkanyni eksperymentalnykh tvaryn.

The polarographic method using platinum electrode has been applied to study the effect of ceruloplasmin (CP) on the oxygen tension (pO2), oxygen saturation rate and rate of oxygen utilization in the muscular tissue of high-leukemic AKR mice, C57BL/6 mice with transplanted Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL) and rats after gamma-irradiation in a dose of 7 Gr. It has been shown that CP in AKR mice improves oxygen saturation of the muscular tissue. This effect is also evident in the case of the marked pO2 decrease in the muscle and its oxygen saturation rate (animals with Lewis lung carcinoma and after gamma-irradiation).

[Effectiveness of combined action of vitamins A, E and C and cyclophosphane or adriamycin on growth of transplanted tumors in mice]. / Effektivnost' kompleksnogo deistviia vitaminov A, E, C s tsiklofosfanom ili adriamitsinom na rost perevivnykh opukholei u myshei.

The antitumour, antimetastatic and antileukemic effect of cyclophosphane and adriamycin in combination with vitamins A. E. C was studied according to the scheme developed by the authors. The preliminary administration of vitamins was established to intensify the effect of cytostatics and to lower considerably their toxic action. Cyclophosphane proved to be more effective relative to the Lewis lung carcinoma than adriamycin.

[Effect of solcoseryl on oxygen metabolism and growth of experimental tumors]. / Vliianie solkoserila na kislorodnyi obmen i techenie opukholevogo protsessa v éksperimente.

Antihypoxant and antitumour properties of solcoseryl were studied on intact and tumour-bearing rats and mice. By the polarographic method it is found that solcoseryl increases the oxygen metabolism only in animal hypoxic tissues and improves, probably, energy production of their mitochondria. On many tumour strains it is shown that the injections of solcoseryl decelerate the growth of some tumours, inhibit the metastatic process and produce no toxic effect on the animals.