Au-TiO2 nanoparticles exposure induced oxidative stress and neurotoxicity in rat.

CONTEXT: The Au-TiO2NPs have a wide range of applications and can easily enter the cells. Due to their properties, they can cause toxicity. OBJECTIVE: It was aimed to test the toxic effects of Au-TiO2 NPs in the brain, heart, kidney and liver of rats in this work. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All used rats in this work were treated using diverse concentrations (doses) of NPs (100 and 200 mg/kg bw) for 21 days. SOD, CAT, AChE activities and MDA, H2O2, NO contents were evaluated in different organs. RESULTS: The Au-TiO2 NPs exposure induced biochemical changes in different organs of rats in view of oxidative stress and neurotoxicity by the alteration of the activity of the enzyme of neurotransmitter (AChE activity). CONCLUSION: The Au-TiO2 NPs have the potential to interact with rat's biochemical status and cause undesirable effects. One of those damaging effects was oxidative stress and neurotoxicity. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The study signifies the impact of usage of Au-TiO2 NPs in the medical field for further exploration.

Clay-Na as a sorbent for the extraction of anti-inflammatory compounds in water samples.

In this work, clay-Na particles are used as the adsorbent for the solid-phase extraction of acidic compounds. The novel sorbent under study is based on high-specific surface area, cation-exchange capacity designed specifically to offer ion-exchange properties with the goal being to selectively extract a group of acidic compounds. The effects of the extraction parameters including extraction elution solvent, sample volume and pH. In optimum conditions, the repeatability for one fiber (n = 3), expressed as % relative standard deviation, was between 0.3 and 4.3% for the acid compounds. The detection limits for the studied acidic compounds were between 0.1-0.6 µg/L. The developed method offers the advantages of being simple to use and having a low cost of equipment.

Solid-phase extraction of drugs with cuttlefish bone powder as a sorbent.

We investigated cuttlefish bone powder for the solid-phase extraction of naproxen, ibuprofen, and carbamazepine. The basic principles controlling the extraction are presented to aid in the choice of the nature and quantity of the extracting phase according to the sample matrix and the solute properties, based on the mechanisms of phase retention. Their retention mechanism is based on hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions. The results show a significant recovery rate for the three drugs, selectivity, and low cost. The method has successfully reduced the amount of tested pharmaceuticals with recoveries >87% at pH 4.

Extraction of clarithromycin and atenolol by cuttlefish bone powder.

Pharmaceutical products including analgesics, antibiotics, and antiepileptics are often present in wastewater treatment effluents, lakes, and rivers and have been found in waterways of many countries. The adsorption of two common pharmaceuticals present in surface waters, clarithromycin (CLR) and atenolol (ATN), onto cuttlefish bone powder treated with HCl has been investigated. Adsorption experiments were carried out at different pH conditions and the experimental equilibrium data were fitted to the Langmuir and Freundlich. For the same experimental conditions (pH = 7), the estimated adsorption capacities are from 34.5 mg g-1 for CLR and 39.5 mg g-1 for ATN. The influence of adsorption pH was established for each compound. The negative values of ΔG at different temperatures for all samples indicate the spontaneous nature of the sorption process.