Penetrating Orbital Injury; a Case Report and Treatment Algorithm.

Penetrating orbital trauma (POT) consists of high and low velocity penetrating injuries that may lead to severe consequences such as visual impairment and globe tearing. It has been reported to make up 30% to 50% of all orbital injuries. POT requires a multidisciplinary approach due to complex orbital injury, which involves eye function, brain injury, and facial aesthetics. In this report, we presented a case of POT due to knife injury in which the knife blade was removed and bleeding was controlled, the patient's general condition after surgery was good, but the vision of the right eye was lost.

What Is a Safe Distance for Preservation of the Inferior Alveolar Nerve in Lower Gingival Squamous Cell Carcinoma? A Radiographic and Histopathological Study.

PURPOSE: Involvement of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) is important in the prognosis and treatment of gingival squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). METHODS: In this cross sectional study, patients with gingival SCC (T4a), undergoing hemimandibulectomy or subtotal hemimandibulectomy, were examined. The distance between the lesion and inferior alveolar canal (IAC) was measured, using axial computed tomography scans before resection. Following that, histopathological evaluation of IAN was conducted. The receiver operating characteristic curve was plotted to determine the association of IAN involvement in histopathological evaluation with various distances between the lesion and IAC. RESULTS: A total of 29 patients were examined in this study. The mean distance between the lesion and IAC was 9.40 ±â€Š2.21 mm. Nerve involvement was documented in 9 (45%) out of 20 males, while 11 (55%) men showed no involvement. Thirteen (44.82%) patients showed IAN involvement. The receiver operating characteristic curve demonstrated a cut-off point of 9.75 mm for the lesion-IAN distance. The possibility of IAN involvement was 23.33 times higher in patients who reported paresthesia, compared with patients without nerve involvement (odds ratio, 23.33; 95% CL; P = 0.001) CONCLUSION:: It seems that in a CT scan view, a 9.75-mm safe margin is associated with high accuracy for preserving IAN in patients with gingival SCC. Also, neurosensory disturbance can be considered a strong predictor of IAN involvement.