[Pro-oxidant and antioxidant homeostasis in guinea pigs following fractionated x-ray irradiation at low doses and the correction of disorders with an antioxidant complex]. / Prooksidantno-antioksidantnyi gomeostaz u morskikh svinok posle fraktsionirovannogo rentgenovskogo oblucheniia v malykh dozakh i korrektsiia ego narushenii antioksidantnym kompleksom.

The state of pro-oxidant-antioxidant homeostasis in guinea pigs exposed to whole-body fractionated X irradiation (5 fractions of 0.2 Gy at a 24 hr interval, up to total dose of 1.0 Gy, at a dose rate of 0.425 R/min) and a possibility of its disturbance correction with the complex of vitamins C, E and P was studied. Accumulation of primary and secondary lipid peroxidation products, decrease of the ascorbic acid content, increase of the content of its oxidized forms (dehydroascorbic acid and diketogulonic acid) in radiosensitive (spleen and small intestine) and radioresistant organs were found. Antioxidant complex administration reduced the disturbances of pro-oxidant-antioxidant homeostasis, but did not provide complete normalization.

[The role of peroxidation processes and antioxidant protection in nitrite-induced hypoxia and its correction with vitamins]. / Rol' protsessov perekisnogo okisleniia i antioksidantnoi zashchity pri nitritnoi gipoksii i ee korrektsii vitaminami.

Different doses of sodium nitrite were studied for their action in acute and chronic experiments on rats. Nitrite (NaNO2) hypoxia in rats was simulated to show how the methemoglobin (MtHb) level in blood depends on NaNO2 doses and the method of introduction. Lethal and sublethal doses of NaNO2 (50% of MtHb and more) promoted a decrease of lipid peroxidation (LP) in the liver microsomes, while the average and easy level of hypoxia activated it. Introduction of NaNO2 has led to dose-dependent activation of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the liver, blood and heart tissues as well as to disturbances in the DNA structure. An average level (40 mg NaNO2 per kg of rat weight daily during one month) of chronic nitrite hypoxia has led to the same changes of metabolism as acute one. Vitamin E normalized LP, but not the MtHb level.

[Vitamin E and its synthetic analogs in experimental cardiovascular pathology]. / Vitamina E i ego sinteticheskie analogi pri éksperimental'noi serdechno-sosudistoi patologii.

Oxidative metabolism and the antioxidant system were studied in the myocardium of rats with various experimental impairments of heart tissue. Vitamin E and its synthetic derivatives proved to be effective in correction of the deteriorations observed.

[The alkaline phosphatase and aminotransferase activity of the blood serum and liver in rats with chronic poisoning by the dust from a mineral wool made of ferronickel slag]. / Aktivnost' shchelochnoi fosfatazy, aminotransferaz syvorotki krovi i pecheny krys pri khronicheskoi intoksikatsii pyl'iu mineral'noi vaty iz ferronikelevogo shlaka.

The authors investigated the activity of alkaline phosphatase, alanine- and aspartate-aminotransferases of the blood serum, mitochondria and postmitochondrial fraction of the liver in conditions of administration of mineral cotton from ferronickel slag. It was shown that 1 and 3 months after introduction of mineral cotton dust changes occurred in the activity of these enzymes. Restoration of these enzymes occurred 6 months after introduction of mineral cotton dust.

[The role of alpha-tocopherol and thiamine in the correction of lipid peroxidation in compensatory myocardial hypertrophy]. / Rol' alpha-tokoferola i tiamina v korrektsii perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov pri kompensatornoi gipertrofii miokarda.

Cardiac hypertrophy in rats was induced by the narrowing of the abdominal aorta 3.14 and 30 days before the experiment. It has been shown that activation of NADP.H production under these conditions leads to elevation of NADP.H-dependent lipid peroxidation (LPO) level and to decrease of glutathione reductase (GR) activity, that means that changes take place in the antioxidant state of the cardiac tissue. Use of alpha-tocopherol and thiamine normalizes LPO level and induces elevation of GR activity. These data when compared with those obtained in investigation of the cardiac pumping function during its intensive activity could be estimated as favourable prerequisites for prevention of cardiac insufficiency.

[Indices of structure and function of erythrocyte membranes in rats with vitamin E deficiency and their correction with antioxidant drugs]. / Pokazateli struktury i funktsii membran érytrotsitov krys s E-vitaminnoi nedostatochnost'iu i ikh korrektsiia preparatami antioksidantov.

It is found that the amount of saturated fatty acids grows, while that of unsaturated--falls in the erythrocyte membranes of rats maintained on a diet without vitamin E. In this case transmembrane calcium transport catalyzed by Ca2(+)-ATPase (EC 3.6.1.3) is not broken and activity of antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.11) in lysate of erythrocytes falls. The found shifts are corrected with administration of antioxidant preparations.

[Glutathione-S-transferase activity in tissues of rats with cardiovascular pathology]. / Glutation-S-transferaznaia aktivnost' tkanei krys s serdechno-sosudistoi patologiei.

The activity and certain properties of glutathione-S-transferases from tissues of rats with cardiovascular pathology are studied. Role of the enzyme in the detoxication processes in the myocardium is shown.

[Effect of vitamins A, E and K on the indices of the glutathione antiperoxide system in gingival tissues in periodontosis]. / Vliianie vitaminov A, E, K na pokazateli glutationovoi antiperekisnoi sistemy v tkaniakh desny pri parodontoze.

Glutathione reductase is activated and the content of glutathione sulfhydryl groups is increased in the gingival tissue of patients afficted with parodontosis. The degree of alterations depends on the degree of the development and character of the disease. Application of antioxidant vitamin therapy (vitamins A, E and K) locally and per os normalizes the parameters under study and improves the status of the parodontium.

[Activity of enzymes with an antioxidant action in the myocardium and blood of the rat during cardiovascular insufficiency]. / Aktivnost' fermentov antioksidantnogo deistviia v miokarde i krovi krys pri serdechno-sosudistoi nedostatochnosti.

It is found that glutathione reductase and superoxidismutase activity decreases in postmitochondrial fraction of the myocardium tissue under cardiovascular insufficiency of the hemodynamic type. In erythrocytes the activity of lipoperoxide-detoxicating glutathione peroxidase--GSH-peroxidase II lowers and that of hydrogen peroxide-utilizing GSH-peroxidase I grows. Disturbances in the antioxidant enzymic systems are discussed for their role in development of cardiac insufficiency.

[Effect of alpha-tocopherol on the activity of the liver glutathione antioxidative system and the activity of serum aminotransferase in rats during tetrachloromethane poisoning]. / Vliianie alpha-tokoferola na aktivnost' glutationovoi antioksidantnoi sistemy v pecheni i aminotransferaznye aktivnosti v syvorotke krovi krys pri otravlenii tetrakhlormetanom.

The activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase in the liver as well as of glutamate-pyruvate, and glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase in blood serum were studied in rats which were injected tetrachloromethane in a dose of 1.04 mmol per 100 g mass for seven days. Tetrachloromethane poisoning is accompanied by a considerable decrease in the glutathione peroxidase activity in the liver and an increase in the aminotransferase activity in the blood serum. Additional administration of 20 and 30 mg of L-tocopherol per 100 g of mass prevents a tetrachloromethane-induced decrease in the activity of glutathione peroxidase in the liver and somewhat normalizes the activity of glutamate-pyruvate and glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase in the blood serum. Possible mechanisms of the alpha-tocoferol protective action are under discussion.

[Content of different forms of ascorbic acid in the tissues of rabbits with experimental myocardial infarct]. / Soderzhanie razlichnykh form askorbinovoi kisloty v tkaniakh krolikov pri éksperimental'nom infarkte miokarda.

It was established that experimental myocardial infarction leads to a decrease in the ascorbic acid content in the left heart ventricle in the ischemic are and to a negligible rise in the dehydroascorbic acid concentration within the first hours after artery ligation followed by its lowering at the 24th hour. Meanwhile 24 hours after the operation the right heart ventricle manifests a 22% increase in the ascorbic acid content along with the rise of the deketogulonic acid level, whereas the content of dehydroascorbic acid does not appreciably change. The concentration of ascorbic acid in the liver of animals with experimental myocardial infarction drops by 27% as compared with intact animals. The data obtained attest to upset ascorbic acid metabolism in the acute stage of experimental myocardial infarction thus suggesting that it is desirable to apply vitamin C to the treatment of patients with myocardial infarction.

[Activity of blood serum enzymes in alpha-tocopheryl acetate administered rats with experimental myocardial infarction]. / Aktivnost' fermentov syvorotki krovi krys s éksperimental'nym infarktom miokarda pri vvedenii alpha-tokoferilatsetata.

The experimental myocardial infarction induced in rats by ligation of the descending branch of the coronary artery increases the activity of creatine phosphokinase, aspartate and alanine aminotransferases in blood serum. Administration of vitamin E promotes a reduction of excessive content of enzymes in the acute period and normalization of the activity of the studied enzymes in blood serum on the 7th day after occlusion.

[Glutathione antioxidant system in myocardium and erythrocytes of rats with acute hypoxic heart damage]. / Glutationovaia antioksidantnaia sistema v miokarde i zritorotsitakh krys pri ostrykh gipoksicheskikh porazheniiakh serdtsa.

Acute hypoxic hypoxia causes no changes in the content of SH-groups and in the activity of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase in erythrocytes and myocardium. Adrenaline myocarditis results in activation of the glutathionic enzymes as well as in decrease in the content of SH groups in the myocardium and their increase in the erythrocytes. Administration of vitamin E partially corregates the shifts caused by adrenaline myocarditis.