RESUMO
A series of N-heterocyclic compounds was investigated by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy as well as Doppler broadening of annihilation radiation (DBAR) at room temperature. The results showed that the formation probability and life time of ortho-positronium in this series are structure and electron-donation character dependent, and can give more information about the structure. The DBAR provides direct information about the change of core and valance electrons as well as the number of defect types present in these compounds.
Assuntos
Compostos Heterocíclicos/efeitos da radiação , Efeito Doppler , Elétrons , Glicosilação , Compostos Heterocíclicos/química , Estrutura Molecular , Nitrogênio/química , Análise Espectral/métodosRESUMO
It is unclear whether the configuration of the basilar artery (BA) in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) of unknown origin is comparable to that in normal subjects or whether there are differences which may help to identify the origin. We studied the BA configuration in 57 patients with SAH of unknown origin (10%), who were identified in a prospectively collected series of 549 SAH patients consecutively admitted to our service over a 9-year period. There were 30 patients (53%) with non-perimesencephalic SAH and 27 with perimesencephalic SAH (47%). According to a standardized algorithm we determined, on straight anteroposterior digital subtraction angiography (DSA), the width of the proximal BA segment at the origin of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery and the width of the most distal BA segment between the superior cerebellar arteries and the posterior cerebral arteries. Based on these measurements we calculated the distal-proximal BA ratios and compared them to the ratios obtained in a control group of 31 patients who had DSA for reasons other than aneurysmal SAH. The mean ratio in patients with non-perimesencephalic SAH of unknown origin was 1.150 (range: 1.080-1.230). In patients with perimesencephalic SAH of unknown origin it was 1.156 (range: 1.120-1.250). In the control group the mean ratio was 1.163 (range: 1.125-1.200). There are no variations in the configurations of the BA which could possibly explain the cause of this type of SAH or clarify the origin of hemorrhage.
Assuntos
Artéria Basilar/diagnóstico por imagem , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea/diagnóstico por imagem , Adulto , Idoso , Angiografia Digital , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Mesencéfalo , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea/etiologiaRESUMO
A series of 3-alkyl-5-((Z))-arylidene-2-thiohydantoins 4a-1 were synthesized from the direct condensation of the aromatic aldehydes with 3-alkyl-2-thiohydantoins 3a-c, which in turn were prepared from the reaction of glycine (1) and alkyl isothiocyanates 2a-c. The alkylation of 4a-1 with methylthioethyl chloride gave 5-((Z))-arylidene-3-alkyl-S-(2-methylthioethyl)-2-thiohydantoins 5a-e. S-Glucosylation took place on the reaction of 4a-1 with 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl bromide under anhydrous alkaline conditions. These structures have been confirmed from a model study of the coupling of 4a with methylthioethyl chloride and alpha-D-glucose pentaacetate, respectively under Lewis acid conditions.
Assuntos
Anticarcinógenos/síntese química , Antivirais/síntese química , Glucose/química , Tioidantoínas/síntese química , Alquilação , Anticarcinógenos/química , Antivirais/química , Cromatografia em Camada Fina , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Espectrometria de Massas , Tioidantoínas/químicaRESUMO
3-Aryl-5-((Z)-arylidene)-3-aryl-2-(2-methylthioethyl)-2-thiohydantoins 3a-f and 3-aryl-5-((Z)-arylidene)-2-(2',3',4',6'-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-2-thiohydantoins 7a-n were prepared from the reaction of 3-aryl-5-((Z)-arylidene)-2-thiohydantoins 2a-n with methylthioethyl chloride or 2',3',4',6'-tetra-O-acetyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl bromide via three different routes. The compounds did not display any antiviral and antitumoral activity.
Assuntos
Tioidantoínas/química , Antineoplásicos/química , Antivirais/química , HIV-1/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Células Tumorais CultivadasRESUMO
A series of 5-[(Z)-(4-(2-(E)-arylidene)hydrazonosulfonylbenzylidene)]-2, 4-imidazolidinediones 6a-h and 5-[(Z)-(4-(2-beta-D-glycopyranosyl) hydrazinosulfonylbenzylidene)]-2,4-imidazolidinediones 10a-j were synthesized via two different routes. The compounds did not display any antiviral and antitumoral activity.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Antivirais/síntese química , Imidazóis/síntese química , Compostos de Benzilideno/síntese química , Glicosídeos/química , Hidrazinas/síntese químicaRESUMO
Sugar hydrazones from 2-hydrazinoquinoline, 2-hydrazino-6-methyllepidine, 6-chloro-2-hydrazino lepidine, 7-chloro-2-hydrazinolepidine, and 7-chloro-2-hydrazino-3-nitroquinoline were prepared. Their acetylation, benzoylation, periodate oxidation, oxidation with lead tetraacetate and bromination have been investigated. The antimicrobial activities of the hydrazones were evaluated. Some compounds showed moderate activity.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/síntese química , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Hidrazonas/síntese química , Quinolinas/síntese química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Meios de Cultura , Hidrazonas/farmacologia , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Quinolinas/farmacologiaRESUMO
A convenient route is reported for the synthesis of certain series of 2-thiohydantoins carrying various heterocyclic substituents such as 5-bromothienylidene 3a,b, 5-(2-carboxyphenylthio)-2-thienylidene 4a,b and 4H-thieno[2,3-b][1]benzothiopyran-4-one 5a,b. Glycosylation of these thiohydantoins afforded the S-glycosyl derivatives 10a-d. The synthesized compounds were tested for their activity against HIV-1 virus and as antitumor agents.
Assuntos
Fármacos Anti-HIV/síntese química , Hidantoínas/síntese química , Fármacos Anti-HIV/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular , Humanos , Hidantoínas/farmacologiaRESUMO
Certain series of 2-thiohydantoin derivatives, carrying various substituents at position 5 such as 5-bromo-2-thienylmethylene, 5-(2-carboxyphenylthio)-2-thienylmethylene and 2-methylene-4H-thieno[2,3-b][1]benzothiopyran-4-one, were evaluated for their antitumor activity. Compound 5-(5-bromo-2-thienylmethylene)-3-morpholinomethyl-2-(2,3,4,6 -tetra-O-acetyl -beta-D-glucopyranosylthio)hydantoin proved to possess a broad spectrum antitumor activity against a wide range of different human cell lines of nine tumor subpanels causing both cytostatic and cytotoxic effects, resulting in full panel median growth inhibition (GI50) and total growth inhibition (TGI), with a median lethal concentration (LC50) at 15.1, 41.7 and 83.2 microM, respectively. On the other hand, compound 5-(5-bromo-2-thienylmethylene)-2-thiohydantoin and compound 5-(5-bromo-2-thienylmethylene)-3-phenyl-2- (2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-thio)hydantoin showed potential selectivity against leukemia cell lines. Further derivatization of these compounds, deduced from the obtained tentative structure-activity relationships, may lead to more potent agents.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Tioidantoínas/síntese química , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Humanos , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Tioidantoínas/farmacologia , Células Tumorais CultivadasRESUMO
3'-Azidonucleosides 4 have been synthesized by condensation of silylated (Z)-5-ethylidenehydantoin and (Z)-5-benzylidenehydantoin with methyl 3-azido-5-O-tert-butyldiphenylsilyl-2,3-dideoxy-D-erythro-pento furanoside (3). The nucleosides 4 were deblocked on treatment with tetrabutylammonium fluoride. The ethylidene group isomerized from Z to E configuration during the nucleoside synthesis. The new nucleosides did not show any appreciable activities against HIV-1 or HSV-1.
Assuntos
Antivirais/síntese química , HIV-1/efeitos dos fármacos , Hidantoínas/farmacologia , Zidovudina/análogos & derivados , Zidovudina/farmacologia , Antivirais/farmacologia , Herpesvirus Humano 1/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Hidantoínas/síntese química , Zidovudina/síntese químicaRESUMO
S-Glycosylation took place on reaction of 5-alkylidene- and 5-arylidene-3-aryl-2-thiohydantoins with glycosyl halides under alkaline conditions. Bisglucosylation also took place when N-3 unsubstituted hydantoins were reacted. The bisglucosylated hydantoins produced N-3 glucosylated hydantoins on treatment with ammonia in methanol. In antiviral studies the most active compounds against both HSV-1 and HSV-2 were 5-(2-thienylmethylene)-3-phenyl-2-(2,3,4,6- tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-2-thiohydantoin and 5-(2-thienylmethylene)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acety l-beta-D- glucopyranosyl)-2-thiohydantoin.
Assuntos
Antivirais/síntese química , Herpesvirus Humano 1/efeitos dos fármacos , Herpesvirus Humano 2/efeitos dos fármacos , Feniltioidantoína/análogos & derivados , Animais , Antivirais/farmacologia , Glicosilação , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Conformação Molecular , Estrutura Molecular , Feniltioidantoína/síntese química , Feniltioidantoína/farmacologia , Células VeroRESUMO
Mercury is the major component of dental amalgam restorative material, which typically has 50% pure elemental mercury. It is also used in some skin creams, and in the manufacturing of plastic, drugs and fungicides. The present study was designed to investigate the toxicity of methyl mercury (MeHg+) on isolated rat hepatocytes using several toxicity parameters. The hepatocytes were isolated by a collagenase perfusion technique and were incubated with different concentrations of MeHg+ (0.1-100 ppm) for 2 h. Through the incubation period the viability was determined by Trypan blue exclusion. Reduced glutathione (GSH) content and its enzymes, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and glutathione reductase (GSH-RX) were measured. Leakage of enzymes such as aspartate transaminase (AST), and alanine transaminase (ALT) were determined. The cell viability was reduced significantly after 1 h incubation when 0.1 and 1 ppm MeHg+ were applied. The decrease in the cell viability was dose- and time-dependent. A depletion of GSH content was observed with 100 ppm MeHg+ after 30 min of incubation. A significant decrease in GSH-RX was observed with 100 ppm during 15 and 30 min of incubation, while 10 ppm of MeHg+ significantly increased ALT leakage after 60 min. However, there was a significant increase in AST leakage with 100 ppm only. The present investigation indicates that the toxic effect of MeHg+ is most likely cytosolic enzyme related.
Assuntos
Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Compostos de Metilmercúrio/toxicidade , Alanina Transaminase/metabolismo , Animais , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Glutationa/metabolismo , Glutationa Peroxidase/metabolismo , Glutationa Redutase/metabolismo , Fígado/enzimologia , Fígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-DawleyRESUMO
An attempt was made to evaluate the lipase productivity by Thermoactinomyces vulgaris with various nutritional and environmental factors. Results suggest optimum conditions for production, viz. age of inoculum 18 hours, 55 degrees C, pH 6.8, 0.2% yeast extract, specific substrates, and shaken cultures incubated for 24--36 hours. Lipases are induced by corn oil in presence of yeast extract or of certain substitutes; starch could replace these at 55 degrees C. A suggestion is given of a regulatory system of lipase synthesis, involving the supply of starch to initiate growth, allowing induction of lipase by the inductive substrate.
Assuntos
Lipase/biossíntese , Micromonosporaceae/enzimologia , Microbiologia do Solo , Meios de Cultura , Egito , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Especificidade por Substrato , TemperaturaRESUMO
An actinomycete with thermophilic nature and strong lipolytic activity was isolated by enrichment from an Egyptian soil. It proved to be Thermoactinomyces vulgaris. Variabilities justifying Adansonian systematics were reported and discussed. The potential relation of an occasional drop in successfully resumed activity to an auto-inhibition phenomenon has been notified. Optimum conditions for the activity of the extracellular lipase(s), including stability, suggest the practical importance of the enzyme(s) in the growth filtrates.