[The clinical importance of determining nitrates in the blood in patients with disseminated sclerosis]. / Klinicheskoe znachenie opredeleniia nitratov v krovi u bol'nykh rasseiannym sklerozom.

The blood's nitrates level was estimated in 72 patients with multiple sclerosis. The decrease of blood's nitrate content was observed in patients (2.5 +/- 0.7 mkg/ml) as compared with healthy individuals (14.3 +/- 3.9 mkg/ml). The correlation was found between blood nitrates concentration and clinical current course of disease. The significant blood nitrates content increase was observed during treatment in the case of remittent course of disease in the stage of exacerbation (from 2.9 +/- 0.3 till 5.1 +/- 1.2 mkg/ml) while the absence of such dynamics was marked in progressive type course of disease. The correlation was revealed during treatment between nitrates level and both neurological deficit and vasal alterations (according to ophthalmological data). One may consider patients blood nitrates estimation as quite useful prognostic laboratory test of exacerbation of multiple sclerosis.

The changes in the permeability of the blood-brain barrier when under neurosurgical intervention.

The aim of this research was to determine the influence of anesthesia, drugs, and neurosurgical trauma on the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) for macromolecules. Protein markers of oligodendrocytes and astroglia were used. The research methods were unique. Two groups of patients were formed: with neurosurgical brain trauma and without it. Everyone in both groups was subjected to anesthesia. The results were unexpected and did not depend on surgery: 1. Neurosurgical brain trauma did not change the permeability of BBB. 2. Anesthesia resulted in increasing permeability of BBB with peak upon 24-48 h. 3. High blood levels of neurospecific proteins proved protein synthesis in glial cells. 4. Massive transferring of brain antigens into blood did not stimulate antibody synthesis during a period of 21 d. According to the high blood levels of neural proteins, the antigen-antibody reaction took place in blood and autoimmune complexes were eliminated before penetration into the brain. A new mechanism of brain autoimmune safety is discussed.

[Protective reaction of brain cells during change in permeability of the blood-brain barrier]. / Zashchitnaia reaktsiia kletok mozga pri izmenenii pronitsaemosti gemato-éntsefalicheskogo bar'era.

General anesthesia carried out in neurosurgical operations caused liberation of neurospecific proteins into blood. High content of these antigens was maintained in biological fluids within 7 days, which occurred apparently due to activation of biosynthesis. Antibodies to the antigens were detected only within 21 days after the surgical intervention. A gross liberation of specific proteins into blood, occurring under critical conditions, appears to be a protective response of brain cells to autoimmune impairments.

[The dynamics of the quantitative changes in neurospecific proteins in the blood of neural cancer patients]. / Dinamika kolichestvennykh izmenenii neirospetsificheskikh belkov v krovi neiroonkologicheskikh bol'nykh.

The authors studied the effect of a neurosurgical intervention on the dynamics of quantitative changes of neurospecific proteins (NSP(--alpha 1 and alpha 2 globulins of the brain (alpha GM1, alpha GM2), L2 glycoprotein (alpha GP2), and glyofibril acid protein (GFA)--in blood of neuro-oncological patients. High background NSP values were revealed in most of the 14 examined patients for the first time. A significant increase of the amount of proteins in the blood during anesthesia and in the course or the operation was found. Deviation of values from the average statistical parameters was encountered in patients with an unfavorable outcome. The results of the study point to marked changes of the blood-brain barrier in neuro-oncological patients.

[Specific relationships of the content of iron, transferrin, ceruloplasmin and malondialdehyde in rat blood in various types of wound healing processes]. / Osobennosti sootnosheniia soderzhaniia, transferrina, tseruloplazmina imalonogo dial'degida v krovi u krys pri razlichnykh tipakh zazhivleniia ranevogo protsessa.

Correlation between parameters of iron metabolism and the antioxidative system activity was studied in blood of 220 Wistar rats with simulated aseptic and infectious types of wound healing. Deposition of iron and stability of the anti-oxidation system were impaired in purulent complication of wound healing. At the same time, a high correlation between the patterns studied was detected in aseptic form of healing, suggesting distinct co-ordination between the antioxidative system components. Approaches to the correction of the impairments observed are discussed.

[Disorders of oxidizing metabolism as a criterion of evaluation of the course of wound healing in experimental animals]. / Narushenie okislitel'nogo metabolizma kak kriterii otsenki techeniia ranevogo protsessa v éksperimente.

The authors carried out 90 experiments in fertile male Wistar rats and 10 experiments in rabbits with noncomplicated and complicated (infectious) wounds. We have revealed in the first 24 hours the characteristic changes of pro- and antioxidation potentials and acid-alkaline condition of blood plasma. The increasing of specific activity of LPO product by 30-40% and the decreasing of hydroperoxides level in comparison with the initial levels of these indicators and the decreasing of blood pH point out the possibility of purulent inflammation development in postoperative wounds. We can use the special treatment of purulent inflammatory wounds in early stages of its development by the meaning of prognostication of wound healing that is very valuable in medical practice.

[Glycine in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia]. / Glitsin v lechenii nevralgii troinichnogo nerva.

As many as 98 patients suffering from trigeminal neuralgia were given myeglynol (glycine) in a dose of 110 mg/kg a day for 4-5 weeks. A noticeable effect manifesting in the counteracting painful paroxysms was attained in more than 86% of cases. The drug was administered alone at the disease onset. The treatment effect of myeglynol may be related to its capacity to decrease to normal the high concentration of formaldehyde in the blood serum of patients suffering from trigeminal neuralgia.

[The effect of heparin on the lipid level during hemodialysis]. / Vliianie geparina na uroven' lipidov vo vremia gemodializa.

The level of free fatty acids, triglycerides, and total lipids was studied in dynamics during hemodialysis. At the beginning of hemodialysis, fatty acids are discharged into the blood flow and their level at 20 min of hemodialysis is three-fold the initial level. Plasma triglycerides, which are components of lipoproteins, are the source of the discharge of free fatty acids. This is confirmed by the fact that the triglyceride content reduces simultaneously with the increase in the level of free fatty acids. The concentration of total lipids practically does not change during hemodialysis. The possible significance of a sharp increase of the free fatty acid level during hemodialysis is discussed.

[Results of clinical and immunoenzymatic studies of neurospecific leucine aminopeptidase in patients with neurologic disorders]. / Rezul'taty klinicheskogo i immunofermentnogo izucheniia neiro- spetsificheskoi leitsinaminopeptidazy u nevrologicheskikh bol'nykh.

Leucine aminopeptidase of myelin was discovered to contain a protein subunit possessing, in contrast to the main enzymatic mass, antigenic properties and contained by different structures of the central nervous system. The protein was shown to be accumulated by neurons and astrocytes of embryonic tissue culture. The protein was absent from biological fluids of healthy persons and in schizophrenia but it was recordable in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with different forms of neurological pathology. In patients with neuronal degenerative diseases, the protein level in biological fluids in the terminal stages was significantly lower than in compensated patients.

[The effect of hemodialysis on lipid peroxidation]. / Vliianie gemodializa na perekisnoe okislenie lipidov.

With regard to the variance in the levels of lipid peroxidation products (malonic dialdehyde and diene conjugates) the authors studied the impact of hemodialysis on lipid peroxidation. Transitory activation of lipid peroxidation with a subsequent decrease in the levels of lipid peroxidation products that were lower than initial ones were noted at the initial stages of hemodialysis performed with the use of a DEP-02-02 dialyzer (with a cuprophane membrane). The comparison of the input and output levels of lipid peroxidation products failed to demonstrate any generation of lipid peroxidation products inside the dialyzer. The systemic character of the activation effect in the onset of dialysis was established. It was proved that the effect did not depend on the material used for the membrane as there was no rise in the levels of lipid peroxidation products but a decrease in their concentration when the capillary dialyzers D1 and B2-100 were used. The study of the washings from the cuprophane membrane from the dialyzer DEP-02-02 demonstrated high levels of endotoxin which were several times higher than in those from the same membrane from the dialyzer D2. Endotoxin release into the circulation probably determined the transitory effect of the activation in the onset of the procedure performed with the dialyzer DEP-02-02. The authors discussed the possible origin of high initial levels of lipid peroxidation products observed in patients with terminal chronic renal failure who had undergone hemodialysis.

[Disorders of formaldehyde metabolism and its metabolic precursors in patients with multiple sclerosis]. / Narushenie obmena formal'degida i ego metabolicheskikh predshestvennikov u bol'nykh rasseiannym sklerozom.

Blood serum and cerebrospinal fluid were studied in 90 patients with multiple sclerosis. Patients showed substantially elevated levels of formaldehyde and N-methyl amino acids as related to control subjects. These metabolites' concentration was also higher in those patients with prevailing cerebellar signs and progressive course of the disease or in exacerbations of remission course compared with the cases of prevailing pyramidal structures involvement and benign course with long-lasting remissions. Glycine administration resulted in reduced blood levels of formaldehyde. Its role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis is discussed.

[A new highly active proteolytic myelin enzyme and its possible role in the mechanism of the demyelinating process]. / Novyi vysokoaktivnyi proteoliticheskii ferment mielina i ego vozmozhnaia rol' v mekhanizme demieliniziruiushchego protsessa.

The study of the myelin in the rabbit brain and in biological fluids of patients with multiple sclerosis has revealed the presence of a new highly active proteolytic enzyme. The article describes the physicochemical properties of this enzyme. Its role in the pathogenesis of the demyelinizing process is emphasized: normally being coupled with an inhibitor the enzyme is released as a result of the demyelinizing process and becomes active. This leads to the destruction of myelin proteins. Possible factors of enzyme activation are considered. The authors discuss the significance of differences in the activities depending on the stage of the process and the course of multiple sclerosis.

[Effect of the antioxidant fenozan on the physicochemical properties of the kidney cell membranes of rats during nitrosodimethylamine-induced carcinogenesis]. / Vliianie antioksidanta fenozana na fiziko-khimicheskie svoistva membran kletok pochek krys pri kantserogeneze, indutsirovannom nitrozodimetilaminom.

The lipid peroxidation level, microviscosity and arrangement of lipid bilayer in mitochondria and microsomal membranes of kidney cell in rats were increased a month after the treatment with carcinogenic nitrosodimethylamine. The additional injection of antioxidant fenozan-1K prevented the activation of lipid peroxidation in early stage of carcinogenesis and decreased the microviscosity and arrangement of membrane lipids both in early and progressive stages of carcinogenesis, and inhibited the carcinogenic process in the kidneys.

[Specific binding of a synthetic antioxidant from a series of spatially screened phenols, H3-phenozan, with isolated rat enterocytes]. / Spetsificheskoe sviazyvanie sinteticheskogo antioksidanta iz riada prostranstvenno zatrudnennykh fenolov 3H-fenozana s izolirovannymi énterotsitami krys.

Specific binding of gamma-(4 hydroxy-3,5-ditret. butyl-phenol) propionate (phenozan), a synthetic water-soluble screened phenol with antioxidant activity, with isolated rat enterocytes has been demonstrated. The Scatchard analysis of binding isotherms revealed two types of 3H-phenozan binding sites. It is concluded that the effect of synthetic screened phenol antioxidants on cellular activity is the result of two mechanisms of action--alteration of physicochemical properties of membrane lipids caused by the inhibitors of free-radical reactions and specific binding of these compounds to cell plasma membranes.