Identification of different cell clusters in the endothelium of atherosclerotic vessels and determination of inter-cluster gradient of proliferative and inflammatory activity as new diagnostic markers.

To characterize atherogenesis functionally, we studied the functional heterogeneity of endotheliocytes in carotid vessels with atherosclerotic plaques and identified several distinct cell clusters. We measured the Ki-67 labeling index (Ki-67 LI), percentage of Bcl-2 cells (CP) and expression of CCL5, IL 6 and VCAM1 in each cell cluster. We also investigated how these indicators change when the plaque becomes unstable and how they affect the risk of adverse cerebrovascular events in patients. We evaluated the inter-cluster gradient of marker activity and its relation to patient prognosis. We identified five endothelial clusters: the under plaque cluster (UPC), peripheral cluster (PC), marginal cluster (MC), transient cluster (TC) and outside plaque cluster (OC). The UPC exhibited the greatest proliferative, proinflammatory and adhesive activity, but low anti-apoptotic activity. The PC exhibited the second greatest proliferative, adhesive and proinflammatory activity. Progression of atherosclerosis and transition of a stable atherosclerotic plaque to an unstable one was accompanied by increased expression of nearly all markers. The proliferative activity in the UPC, PC and OC, and the pro-inflammatory activity in UPC and anti-apoptotic activity in the PC, were correlated with prognosis. Also, two gradients of proliferative activity and a gradient of pro-inflammatory activity were associated with risk of adverse events.

[Concurrent chemoradiotherapy with moderate dose brachytherapy as remission induction for patients surgically treated for esophageal cancer].

The locally advanced cancer of thoracic esophagus was treated by induction chemo-irradiation therapy (IHRT) with intraluminal medium dose-rate brachytherapy (IMBT). From July 2009 to February 2012 twenty five patients (mean age 54.3 +/- 1.3 years) were included in the study. The length of the primary tumor was up to 6 cm in 10 pts and more than 6 cm in 15 pts. Induction therapy consisted of three IMBT sessions (7 Gy X 3; q7d) and two cycles of chemotherapy (PF; q28d), 26-31 days later the surgery was performed. Subtotal resection of the esophagus type of I Lewis was performed in 23 pts, transtracheal extirpation of the esophagus was performed in 2 pts.In all the cases 3F lymphodissection was performed. After IHRT in 15 of 25 pts. was obtained complete or partial response, in 10 of 25 pts was obtained disease stabilization. Perioperative complications occurred in 17 (68%) patients receiving conservative treatment, one patient (4%) died of treatment complications. In 6 cases (24%) morphology had shown the complete regression of primary tumor. Thus, the combination of intraluminal medium dose-rate brachytherapy and chemotherapy lead to reduction of primary tumor local spread and can be an efficient factor in improving the results of surgical treatment.

[Endemic and biogeochemical characteristics of the territory of Chuvash Republic].

The study of endemic and biogeochemical features of the territory of Chuvash Republic showed that dietary patterns of the local population reflect specific environmental factors including selenium, manganese, and iron deficiency. Calcium deficit is mainly due to poorly balanced nutrition.

[Natural micronutrient deficiency as a cause of the digestive system diseases in Chuvashia].

Endemic, biogeochemical peculiarities of the Chuvash Republic territory were analyzed. The regional statistical analysis of the biogeochemical province influence on trace and major mineral elements content in food stuff was carried out. The conducted study let us reveal the following chief problems in the nutritional status of the population of the Republic which led to the inferior health rate and were associated with the biogeochemical peculiarities of the region: selenium, copper, manganese, ferrum deficiency in the food ration.

[Pathogenesis of chronic acalculous cholecystitis in inhabitants of the Republic of Chuvashia].

The study of Serum content of Selenium, Zinc, Manganese in inhabitants of the Republic of Chuvashia and also in chronic acalculous cholecystitis patients. Possibility of correction motor dysfunction of gallbladder with the use of natural mineral water "Syvlah-Zdorovie".

[Topical problems of micronutrients deficiency in the Chuvash Republic].

Epidemiological surveys of the pattern of nutrition in the Chuvash Republic were conducted by the Department of Consumer Supervision of the Chuvash Republic to reveal the regional features of the levels of nutrients in a diet. To accomplish this goal, the authors developed an algorithm for studying the organized and unorganized collectives. A regional dietary trace element database was set up and the endemic problems of an area were specified. Significant dietary selenium deficiency and moderate iron and manganese deficiencies were cardinal problems in the population's nutrition in the Chuvash Republic.

[Analysis of dietary intake in preschool children from Cheboksary].

The purpose of the study was to analyze the diets of preschool children going to infant schools (IS) in Cheboksary and to evaluate their provision with calcium and phosphorus. For this, the authors developed the serum content of calcium and phosphorus, the indices of children's physical development, the levels of macro- and micronutrients, and calorie content by the calculation method and chemical analytical method and quantities of calcium and phosphorus in the IS food allowances. Our studies using the calculation and chemical analytical methods revealed differences in the content of macroelements. In the children being examined, the serum levels of calcium complied with the normal values; 59% of the children were found to have mild hypophospathemia attributable to inadequate phosphorus amount in the diet. The study showed it necessary to correct the quantities of calcium and phosphorus in the children's diets.

[The major sources of daily dietary intake of micronutrients in the adult rural population of the Republic of Chuvashia].

The paper presents the results of determination of the basic sources of micronutrients in the nutrition of the rural population of the Chuvash Republic. The importance of foodstuffs, the sources of nutrients, was determined by factor mathematical analysis, by estimating the weight factors. All the products used in the daily ration were studied, which permitted elucidation of the importance of individual Russia-specific products. By reason of the uniform pattern of nutrition in Chuvashia, virtually all study micronutrients were found to come with baked goods, milk, and potatoes. The quantity of fresh vegetables and fruits in the actual diets of the examinees is so low that it exerts no significant effect on the intake of vitamins and minerals. In addition, all vegetables and fruits used in the daily ration are generally used in the personal subsidiary plots. Berries that commonly grow in Chuvashia, such as cranberry, bilberry, sea-buckthorn, and red whortleberry, were also observed to be virtually unused in nutrition, although it is just the berries that are gold mines of vitamins and minerals.

[Principal sources of dietary intake of macronutrients in the adult rural population in the Chuvash Republic].

The paper presents the results of determination of the basic sources of macronutrients and energy in the nutrition of the rural population of the Chuvash Republic. The importance of foodstuffs, the sources of nutrients, was determined by factor mathematical analysis, by estimating the weight factors. All the products used in the daily ration were studied, which permitted elucidation of the importance of individual Russia-specific products. In the rural population of the Chuvash Republic, nutrition is unbalanced and caused by both economic features and lack of knowledge about balanced diet and its value for human health. Bread, bakery goods, domestic baked products, potatoes, pork, whole milk products form the basis of their diet. The consumption of vegetables and fruits is very little and restricted to the crop grown in private farms. Sugar is used in the quantities that are considerably greater than those given in the WHO recommendations.

[The correlation dependence between urinary excretion of vitamin B1, B2, C and entrance some nutrients with ration]. / Vzaimosviaz' mezgdu ékskretsiei vitaminov B1, B2, C i postupleniem nekotorykh nutrientov s ratsionom.

The results of the correlation analysis between parameters of urinary excretion of vitamins B1, B2 and ascorbic acid and the consumption of some nutrients with daily ration are presented. The expressed correlation dependence between consumption of proteins and fats and urinary excretion of riboflavin, and between consumption of proteins and carbohydrates and urinary excretion of ascorbic acid were found out. The strong correlation was found between the level of the majority trace elements in daily ration and urinary excretion of vitamins. The urinary excretion of thiamin, riboflavin and ascorbic acid depends on their quantity consumed with the daily ration.

[The vitamins and minerals provision of children living in different ecological-biogeochemical zones in Chuvashia]. / Obespechennost' vitaminami i mineral'nymi veshchestvami detei, prozhivaiushchikh v razlichnykh ékologo-biogeokhimicheskikh zonakh Chuvashskoi respubliki.

The results of investigation about providing 96 children at the age of 11-12 with vitamins in different ecological-biogeochemical zones of Chuvashia are presented in this article. The actual nutrition of children was estimated, by questionnaire-weight Pokrovsky's method and the level of excretion of vitamins B1, B2 and ascorbic acid with urine was studied by fluorescent method. The deficiency of riboflavin (66% in girls and 97% in boys) and ascorbic acid deficiency (30% in children) was revealed in the daily ration, the quantity of thiamin was sufficient. The providing the organism of children with investigated vitamins is low in Chuvashia. There is the link between ecological-biogeochemical characteristics of Chuvashia and providing with vitamins B1, B2 and C, their quantity in food being the same.

[Determination of optimal time frame for the body mass index surveys for the study of nutrition quality of a population]. / Opredelenie optimal'nykh srokov provedeniia oprosno-vesovogo metoda dlia izucheniia sbalansirovannosti pitaniia naseleniia.

The results of questionnaires and body-weight technique (applicable to nutrition assessment) (14 days in 40 families) of the Chuvash Republic were evaluated. The questionnaires' data were analyzed for 3, 7, 10 and 14-day periods and separately for weekends. A statistical analysis showed a lack of reliable quantitative differences both in respect to calculating all nutrients and in respect to the food value of daily rations during different time periods; however, reliable differences were detected between families' nutrition in weekends and working days. It was recommended to conduct such studies at least for as long as 7 days in order to ensure a complete hygienic evaluation of a balanced daily ration and to take account of all consumed foodstuffs.